Proses Oksidasi Dalam Industri Kimia

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RESUME RESUME

PROSES OKSIDASI DALAM PROSES INDUSTRI KIMIA PROSES OKSIDASI DALAM PROSES INDUSTRI KIMIA

SEBAGAI TUGAS MATA KULIAH PROSES INDUSTRI KIMIA ORGANIK SEBAGAI TUGAS MATA KULIAH PROSES INDUSTRI KIMIA ORGANIK

DISUSUN OLEH : DISUSUN OLEH : 

 AAKKRRIIMMA A NNUUR R AAMMIILLIIAA ((11661100881144222200000011)) 

 HHIIKKMMAAHH ((11661100881144332200000055)) 

 RUBY ADIJRUBY ADIJAAYYA A (161(16108140814110013)110013) 

 SINTSINTONG LEONG LEONARDONARDO SITUNO SITUNGKIRGKIR (1610(161081428142100210023)3)

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK KIMIA PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK KIMIA

FAKULTAS TEKNIK FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS LAMBUNG MANGKURAT UNIVERSITAS LAMBUNG MANGKURAT

BANJARBARU BANJARBARU

2018 2018

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PROSES OKSIDASI DALAM INDUSTRI KIMIA A. Pengert!n O"#$!#

Re!"# $!"#%"# %&' e#"*#+ e,--./,-, "/*/ * %e,-, $!"#-e, Re!"# $!"#%"# &$- %#!e,& /- %e,-, , e!*, Re!"# e.!, /- *e"/! e!"# $!"#%"# #"&, e.!, #,! ./# !e*" !/ .! %, &#, &#, O!"#%"# e/!, e&e", e&e!*$, $&e' "e./' $&e!/& *$ */ #$, K%,- !%,- $!"#%"# ./!, '& ,- .//! "ee*# %& e.e,*/!, &/#,#/ ,$%#e% "/e *', &

B. Re!"# %!$! O"#$!#

7$"e" $!"#%"# *e.-# .e.e e,#" ,* &#,:  De'#%$-e,"#

7e,-.#&, H2 %# "e,+ D#,*!, %& e/.', &!$'$& #e e,%# &%e'#% */ &!$'$& "e!/,%e e,%# !e*$,

2H5OH 9  O2 H3HO 9 H2O ; (1)

&!$'$& #e &%e'#%

H3HOHH3 9  O2 H3OH3 9 H2O ; (2)

&!$'$& "e!/,%e !e*$,

. 7$"e" $!"#%"# &,-"/,- %e,-, $!"#-e, *e!,#"

D& $"e" #,# *e%# e!"# e.e,*/!, e*#&e, $!"#% %, e!"# "#,-e,-'"#&!, !.$, %#$!"#% %, # Re!"# /*: 2H49  O 2H4O ;(3) E*e, Re!"# "#,-: 2H4 9 3 O2 2O29 H2O ; (4)

< O!"#%"# &,-"/,- %e,-, /%

D& $"e" *e%# e!"# /* #*/ e.e,*/!, e*#&e, $!"#% %, e!"# "#,- e,-'"#&!, !.$, %#$!"#% %, #

Re!"# /*:

2H4 9  O2 2H4O ;(5)

Re!"# "#,-:

2H4 9 3 O2 2O 9 2H2O ;(6)

d. De'#%$-e,"# %##!/*# !$,%e,""# $&e!/&e "ee*# %& 2 $&e!/& .e,e,e e.e,*/! %#'e,#&

26H6 9  O2 6H5 = 6H5 9 H2O

(3)

e. De'#%$-e,"# e"/!, O %, ee<', ,*# !.$, $,*$' %& $!"#%"# ,'*&e, e,%# '*&* ,'#%#%

10H89 4  O2 8H4O32H2O 9 2O2 N'*&e, '*&* ,%'#%*

&. B!'!n()!'!n *"#$!t*r  O>-e, (O₂)

 O$,e (O₃)

 H%$-e, e$>#%e (H₂O₂) ,% $*'e #,$-,#< e$>#%e"  ?&/$#,e (?₂) <'&$#,e (&₂) ,% $*'e '&$-e,"

 N#*#< <#% (HNO₃) ,% ,#**e <$$/,%"  S/&@/#< <#% (H₂SO₄)

 7e"/&@/#< <#%" (H₂SO₅,% H₂SO₈)

 '&$#*e <'&$*e e<'&$*e ,% $*'e ,&$-$/" '&$-e, <$$/,%"

 H$<'&$#*e ,% $*'e '$'&#*e <$$/,%" #,<&/%#,- '$/"e'$&% .&e<' (N&O) D. Re!gen O"#$!#

) 7e,-,*

G %* %# " e,-,#* %&' $!"#%*$ !/* L/*, <# e,-,* /- e#&#!# "#@* e,-$!"#%"# !/* S&' "*/ ,- &#,- //

%, &#,- .e-/, ,- %#-/,!, %& $!"#%"# $-,#! %&' !&#/ e,-,* G !&"#/ *e"e%# %& .e,*/! !#"*& "*.#& "e%,-!, - ,*#/ %&' %e&#/e"<e,* K&"#/ $!"#% .e-./,- %e,-, ,-, %#$!"#% /,*/! *e.e,*/! O ,- *#%! &/*: M,O2 "e'#,-- e,e%e',!, e/&#', $%/! Ke*#! $*"#/ e,,,-,* " %#-/,!, &/*, .e# "$&/"#,

e,%# ." e&&/# e.e,*/!, $*"#/ '#%$!"#%:

K 2M,2O8 9 H2O  2M,O2 9 2KOH 9 3O

T#- *$ $!"#-e, %#&e"!, e $&e!/& e,-,* %, ,-, %#$!"#% %& .e,*/! *e'#%"# %#e,%!,

 L/*, A" 7e,.', " "e** */ "/&@* !e !&#/ &/*, e,-,* e,-'"#&!, * e,-$!"#%"# !/* ,- ', .e-/, %& e"#, "e,+ ,- ",-* "*.#& T#,%!, !/* %# -e, #,# ",-* e.*"# e,e,, D#-/,!, &/*, e,-$!"#%"# %#*.'!, "e< .e*' !e * ,-e,-&# $!"#%"# !e, %e,-, < #,# *#,%!, *e.*" %, %* %#!$,*$& Se*# $&e!/& '"#& e,-,* &# *$ $!"#-e,

K 2M,2O89 3H2SO4  2M,SO49 K 2SO49 3H2O 9 50

L/*, " %* %#-/,!, /,*/! e./*, ,@*&e, "/&@$,* *e*e,*/ " *#%! / e.e,*/! %e,-, < &#, B#! &#@*#! //, "/&@#% $*#!

(4)

*/ '#%$"/&@#% %#$!"#%"# e,%# "/&@$,* ,- "e"/# " A" $I$%$.e,$#< .e"#@* $!"#%"# !e " $#$%$"$.e,$#<

 D#!$*

Be,*/! $!"#%"# .#" %e,-, %#!$* %&' %# '%, "/&@/ " %, %e,-, - ,*#/ */ !&#/ Me"!#/, %#!$* e,-e'!, !e<e,%e/,-, $!"#%"# *, %, " e!"# $!"#%"# %* %#./* /,*/! *e%# /' &e.#' <e* %# '%, " %, " "$&/"# '# "e&&/ %#-/,!, /, "e< #*/ .ee!"# /,*/! e.e# $!"#-e, "e.-# .e#!/*:

K 2 2OC 9 4H2SO4 K 2SO4 9  2 (SO4)39 4H2O 9 3O

2 $& " !$* (1 $& %#!$*) e.e#!, *#- *$ $!"#-e, G ,*#/ &e.#' /' /' &e.#' &/* %& # %, !#.*, &e.#' "e#,- %#-/,!, Mee! %#-/,!, %& e"#, .#/ e*#&e, "@,#,e %, * +, &#,, . A" H#$!&$/" %, G

G &#*'#/ ,*#/ %, !&"#/ %# " '#$!&$#* %#!e*'/# %& !e%, %* Me"!#/, ee! /%' *e/# "* ."' ee! "*.#& #! .e,.e,

!e#,- B/./! e/*#' %#.e,*/! %e,-, ee!"#!, !&$#, %e,-, !&"#/ '#%$!"#% !e#,- *e!#* %e,-, '#$!&$#* %, *e-,*/,- % !e'%#, %#!& '#$!&$#* /,*/! *#,%!, !!*e#"*#!, L/*, .e!&$#,"# %# "e,- %, &/#,#/ '#%$!"#% &e.#' !*#@ * e,-$!"#%"# %#% &/*, ,-%#e&!/!, %e,-, .#! %# &!&# */ &!&# *,' !e, '#%$&#"#" &e.#' .e" %, !$,"e!/e,"#, &e.#' <e* %e!$$"#"# " '#$!&$#* Te*# - ,*#/ e#&#!# !e/,*/,-, !e/%', e"#, %, e,,-,,

A" '#$!&$#* *#%! "*.#& %, /%' *e%e!$$"#"# /,*/! %#.e."!, $!"#-e, T#,-!* %e!$$"#"# *#%! .e"#@* !e!e", .-#,/, %, /,*/! .e.e *//, .'!, %* %#*#,-!*!, %e,-, e,--/,, - !$.&* */ ,#!e& /,*/! .e*#,%! "e.-# !*&#"*$ T#,%!, - *e/* &!&# */ ." %* %#*#,-!*!, %e,-, e,.', !.$, %#$!"#% */ " !e, %# e.e.", ,- &e.#' <e* %# " '#$!&$/" ,- %#*#./&!, !e,, 7$e*# #,# e&e,-!# e*$%e !$,*$& !e*#! ** #,# %#-/,!, /,*/! $!"#%"# K&"#/ '#$!&$#* %#-/,!, /,*/! "e.-#, .e" /,*/! e/*#', &#,e, %, .', *e!"*#& !*/, %, ././ !e*"

G ,*#/ %#-/,!, %& e/*#', .e,,- $, Ke%/ - %#-/,!, /,*/! e.e"!, -"$&#, ,- *#%! %#e<' $&e' $!"#%"# e!*, e,%# "/&@#% %, %#"/&@#%

N*#/ K&$#% %, !&$#, %#$!"#%

N*#/ !&$#* NIO2 %#"!, "e.-# 80 e"e, "e./! !e#,- /,*/!

%#-/,!, %& e/*#', Ke*#! .ee!"# %e,-, !&$#, e&e", ,*#/ !&$#* !&$#, %#$!"#% IO2 -" % "/'/ ,$& %, &/* %& # K&$#,

(5)

%#$!"#% %&' * e,-$!"#%"# %, e/*#', ,- !/* *# !e, !e*#%!"*.#&,, #*/ *#%! %* %#$%/!"# %, %#"#, L/*, .e# %#/# $&e' <' e,%# " e!&$* %, " !&$#% $!"#-e, %, #

A" !&$#* HIO3 %&' $!"#%*$ !/* I*/ .#" %#e$&e' %& &/*, .e# % !$,"e,*"# '#,-- "e!#* 40 e"e, %, "*.#& % "/'/ '#,-- 40   S$&/"#

"e< #*/ !, e,/&/* !e*" ,- *e.e, %# %&, Ke*#! !"# $!"#%"# %# -e, #,# %#!e,%&#!, %&' /,-!#, /,*/! e@e! $!"#%"# e*,$& */ e*#& e*e e,%# " "e** %# e*#&e, !e -&#!$& &!$'$& &&& /,*/! -&#"e#, " @/* !e " "e* %&& Be" %e,-, " #,e& " !&$#% e,-$!"#%"# ,#&#, e,%# ,#&#, .e+, '#* N/, !e, &/*, .e#, '/" %#e$&e' %e,-, %e!$$"#"# -,% %# -, !e-/,, #,%/"*#, ",-* *e.*" %, e,- %e#!#, &e.#' "e#,- %#-/,!, %& .e,*/! - ,-&/* Ke&/*, ,*#/ !&$#* %& # /' &e.#' .e" %#% - !&#/ J/- &e.#' /' %, .,! %#-/,!, "e*# *'/, %# Ae#! Se#!* "e.-# 'e.#"#%

< 7e$!"#%

7e$!"#% /* ,- %#-/,!, "e.-# $!"#%*$ %&' *#.& %, ,-, #*/ "e.-# .e#!/*:

 7.O2

T#.& e$!"#% %#-/,!, "e.-# -e, e,-$!"#%"# %& '/./,-,, %e,-, " "e** "/&@* */ '#%$!&$#! .#", ,- e* S*/ '"#& $& "*/ *$ $!"#-e, %, - " *e.e,*/! "e& $"e" *e"e./* H/" %#-/,!, %& .e,*/! ,- %#.-# "e< '&/" %, /,*/! &", #,# &#,- .#! %#"#!, %e,-, e"##*"# %# &/*, ,#** *#.& %e,-, e,.', ,*#/ ././! '#$!&$#* */ e/*#'

 M,O2

M,-, %#$!"#% .,! %#-/,!, "e.-# -e, e,-$!"#%"# .#! %& .e,*/! &# //, ,- %#"#!, I,# %#-/,!, .e", %e,-, "/&@/ " %, "e& e!"# %#e%/!"# e,%# "/&@* ,-, e&e"!, "*/ *$ $!"#-e, e $& S&' "*/ !e-/,, /*, %&' %& $!"#%"# !e&$$! e*#& !e !e&$$! &%e'#% %# , e, #*/ *e&' .,! %#-/,!, e,-/.' *$&/e, e,%# .e,&%e'#%

D. Knet"! $!n Ter+*$n!+"!

Re!"# $!"#%"# %##!/*# e.e,*/!, H2O O */ !e%/, Re!"#, e!"$*e#" %#"e*# $&e' e,//,, e,e-# .e." ! e&/ %#.*"# e!"#, %, !e'#&,-, '"#& %#<e-' %e,-, &, $!"#%"# !$,*#,/ S/'/ e!"# %#./* e,%' %, $!"#%"# %#!$,*$& - *#%! e&/" %e,-,:

 Me.*"# & e!"# . Me,-$,*$& "/'/ e!"#

(6)

D& e!"# $!"#%"# *e/* ,- e,--/,!, O2 "e! *e$!## ,-

e,*#,-%&' ," *e%# 7e"&', % e,*#,-%&' .e", /&' ," ,-%#!e&/!, % "/'/ e!"# ,- %##,-#,!, %, e.*", $!"#%"# /,*/! '"#& ,- %##,-#,!, %e,-, < e,-'#,%# e.!, "e/, K*&#"*$ %#-/,!, - e!"# $!"#%"# %* .e&,-"/,- % "/'/ ,- e,%' %, e!"# &,-"/,- e,%# '"#& ,- %##,-#,!,

E. A%,"!# Re!"# O"#$!#

1 O!"#%"# @"e <# %e,-, .', e,-$!"#%"#

S/*/ "e,+ %#$!"#%"# e,--/,!, .', e,-$!"#%"# ,- .e.e% '"#&, /- .e.e% M#"&, ,#&#,e %#$!"#%"#

B', 7e,-$!"#%"# H"#&

M,O2%& H2SO4 F/#,$,

K 2 2OC %& H2SO4 e,<e F/#,$,

KM,O4 (") H#* ,#&#,

(.") A$.e,e, 9 NH3

(,e*&) N#*$.e,e,9 A$.e,e,

A&!&#, '#$!&$#* N#*$.e,e,

A" '#$!&$#* #,$'e,$&

$,*$'<$,*$' e!"# $!"#%"# #,# %&':  I!*, e*#&e, e,%# -/-/" %#'#%$!"#

O!"#%*$ ,- %#-/,!, &/*, e,<e Ke,-,* A" "#,* %e,-, &/*, e,-,*e 2 e,-'"#&!, 'e,#& %, -&#"e* H2O2 %e,-,

!*&#"*$ R/   */ M$ /- e,-$!"#%"# "e,+ $-,#! *#%! e,/' e,%# -&#!$&

. I"$e/-e,$& e,%# ,#&&#,

< O!"#%"# *$&/e, e,%# .e,&%e'#% %, " .e,$*

O!"#%*$ ,- %#-/,!, M,O2 '"#& /*, .e,&%e'#% J#! %#-/,!,

" !'$* "e.-# $!"#%*$ '"#& /*, %&' " .e,$* 2 O!"#%"# ?"e # %e,-, O!"#-e,

 A"e*&%e'#% e,%# " "e**

A" "e** %* %#e$&e' %# e*,$& N/, #! %##,-#,!, '"#& " ,- e!* ! %* %#e$&e' %# $!"#%"# "e*&%e'#% Re!*$ .#", *e./*

%# . .e&#" &/#,#/ %#&e,-!# %e,-, !$#& &/#,#/ /,*/! e,", %, e,%#,-#,, %, %#"*#./*$ /% A"e*&%e'#% ,- %#-/,!, e/,#

(7)

!e/,#, ,* 0 = 8 K*&#"*$ ,- %#-/,!, M,"e** */ $ "e** S/'/ e!"# 2C = 60$_{ !*/ e!"# 12 = 14  Te!,, $e"# 653}

"# H"#& " "e** 88 = 5 *e$#*#" %e,-, !ee!*, 6 b. E*,$& e,%# " "e**

O!"#%"# e*,$& % @"e <# %#&!/!, %e,-, $"e" /#<!#,e- B!*e# #<$%e <e*#< %#-/,!, /,*/! e.,*/ e.+ O2 !e% &!$'$&

"e'#,-- e,-!#.*!, $!"#%"# A&* ,- %#-/,!, #*/ *,-!# !/ .e%#e*e 3 = 4 @* %, *#,--#, 8 = 10 @* ,- *e#"# %e,-, $*$,-, .e<'+$$% */ .', "e&/&$" ,- &#, */ !%,-!%,- .*/. /,*/!

e,#./&!, #!$$-,#"e #<$%e <e*#< E*,$& ,- %#-/,!, !$,"e,*"#, 12 = 15 %, e,-'"#&!, " %e,-, !$,"e,*"# !#!# 12 S/'/ e!"# 35$_{ H"#&, %& #,%/"*# C0 K*&#"*$ ,- %#-/,!,}

$"e** !$,e"# e,<# 42 %, "/'/ e!"# %# .+' 145 $_{ K*&#"*$}

&#, ,- %* %#-/,!, %&' .e.-# &$- "e** - &!&# - &*#, %, -- 

< O!"#%"# '#%$!.$, &#@*#! %, %e#*,

U,*/! $!"#%"# #,# %#-/,!, !*&#"*$ $$*$ %, #,#*#*$ ,- %#&/*!, %& e&/* O!"#%*$, %&' O2 %# /% 7e&/* ,- %#-/,!, .#", " $-,#! ,- #,e* *e'% $!"#%"# K*&#"*$ ,- %#-/,!, %&' -- e $ / M,  U Me %#*.' $$*$ "ee*# -- B M- K %, %#*.' #,#*#*$ "ee*# e$!"#% e<#% &%e'#% !e*$, $&e@#, */ "e,+ $-,#< e.e,*/! e$!"#%

$,*$':

O!"#%"# 11318 !- #"$./*, %e,-, /% % 100 = 155$_{ 50 *}

e,--/,!, !*&#"*$ $"e** #,#*#*$ %#e*#& !e*$, %, e&/* " "e** e,-'"#&!, 688 !- "e*$, 482 !- e*& "e** 311 !- #"$./*& "e** 4C1 !- #"$./*,$& 401 !- # 13 !- " "e** 181 !- *#%! *e #%e,*#@#!"# %, 383 !- "#" #"$./*,

% O!"#%"# '#%$!.$, e*$&e/ <#

7e,--/,, -- &$- ,- &/* "ee*# M, / ?e  %,  e,e..!, $e"# %* .e&,-"/,- % "/'/ 100160$_{ @"e <# "e&}

615  % *e!,, 150 "# U% */ O2 %#!$,*!!, %e,-, '#%$!.$,

<#

e S#!&$'e!",

S#!&$'e!", %&' .', .!/ " %#* S#!&$'e!", %#$!"#%"# e,%# " %#* %e,-, %/ &,-!' "e.-# .e#!/*:

1) S#!&$'e!", %#$!"#%"# e,%# </, "#!&$'e!", %, "#!&$'e!",$& D#&!/!, %& @"e <# e,--/,!, /% % *e!,, 355 * /,*/! ee*',!, !e%, <# K*&#"*$ ,- %#-/,!, $ ,*'&e,* "/'/ 120130$_{ K&/ *, !*&#"*$ "/'/, 145150}$_

(8)

A# *e%# %, !$*$, %& .', .!/ #"&, "e,+ ,-e,-,%/,- .e&e,- %, '#%$!.$, &#, %#.#& %e,-, $"e" e$*$ J#! # *#%! %#.#& ! $!"#%"# e!# /% #,# ', e.e#!, !$,e"# 2530 " H"#& %#e$&e' 60C5

2) H"#& ,* %#$!"#%"# &e.#' &,/* e,%# " %#*

H"#& ,* %#$!"#%"# %e,-, " ,#** *e*# $!"#%"# %e,-, /% e,--/,!, !*&#"*$ e.e#!, '"#& " %#* ,- .#! HNO3 ,- %#-/,!, e/!, &/*, 5060 %e,-, !*&#"*$ *e.- ,%#/  7e.,%#,-, .e* HNO3 100 "e,+ $-,#! /,  05 = 6 S/'/ e!*$ 6080$_{ !*/ !$,*! 5 e,#* Re!"# e!"$*e#" S#"*e}

e<$e .e/"' e,-.#& !e.&# NO2 /,*/! %#/.' &-# e,%# "

,#** A" %#* %#!#"*&#""# %# <#,, % "/'/ 4060 $ %, %##"'!, "e< "e,*#@/-&

4 O!"#%"# e&&/# %e'#%$-e,"#

7$"e" !*&#"#" @"e / /,*/! %e'#%$-e,"# #"$&!$'$& %, $*#! (,*# <.,-,) e,*#,- %& #,%/"*# $,*$': $"e" e./*, "e*$, %, e*& e*#& !e*$, %# #"$$,$& %, ./*,$& "e!/,%e

H3HOH3 H3OH3 9H2

H3HO2H5  H32H5 9H2

O

See*# /- e./*, "*##, %# e*#&.e,e,

6H52H5  6H5HH2 9 H2

5 O!"#%"# $*#! @"e /

$,*$'<$,*$' e!"# $!"#%"# #,# %&':  Be,e,

Be,e, "*.#& #!*,, *e'% %#"$"#"# *e& %, $!"#%"# E@e! /* .e,e,e *e'% ,#!, "/'/ %&' %#"$"#"# *$ H %, *e-./,-, "#" #,*# e,%# %#'e,#& "/*/ .', ,- &e.#' "*.#& O!"#%"# .e,e,e e,%# 'e,$& "#' /,-!#, *e*# '"#&, e,%' O!"#%"# &,/* e,-'"#&!, e.e,*/!, /#,$& %, /#,$, %e,-, '"#& ,- /- e,%' O!"#%"# &e.#' &,/* e,-'"#&!, ee<', <#,<#, %, e,-' % *e.e,*/!, " &e* %e,-, '"#& ,- *#,--# T#%! % %e#*e 'e,#& ,- *e%# "e.-# '"#& %& /*$#-,#*#$, ,- <e* %# </, .e,e,e/% % "/'/ "e!#* 52C$_{ *e!,, 20 * e,/,/!!, #,*# (<#,<#, #,*#) /"! ",-*}

<e* % !e%, #,# D& !*e! %#-/,!, e.,%#,-, ,- &e.#' *#,--# &-# /,*/! 100 !- .e,e,e %#'"#&!, 60C5 !- " &e* ,-e,/,/!!, !$,e"# 4050 7," ,- %#&e"!, 10500 B*/&. .e,e,e ,- .ee!"# 7% e.!, "e/, .e,e, ," ,- %#&e"!,

(9)

"e.,! 18000 B*/&. K*&#"*$ ,- %#-/,!, $!"#% &$- % -/  %, I

. T$&/e,

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< S*e,e %# e*#&.e,e,

6H52H5 6H5HH2 9 H2

S*e,e %#./* %e,-, %e'#%$-e,"# e*#& .e,e,e % "/'/ 600$_ e,--/,!, !*&#"*$ ,O

A% 2 < e!"# "#,- ,- e,e*# e!"# /* %# *"

1. 7ee,-!', e*#& .e,e,e e.e#!, .e,e,e *$&/e,e e*, e*, %, "e.-#,

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(10)

E*#&.e,e, .e" -" ,#*$-e, e/!, /, %# $"e" %, "/! !e %& e$*$ G" </, !, e,// !e e'e*#,- /,*/! %#,"!, '#,-- "/'/ 5C5C00 $ Ke/%#, !, "/! !e %& <$,e*e %#"#,# *e%# $"e" %e'#%$-e,"# e*#& .e,e, e,%# "*e,e %e,-, !*&#" ,O2 Se/&' !e<#& e*#& .e,e,e %, %#'e,#& *e%* %& '"#& D& !*e! %#-/,!, e.,%#,-, 1215 Re!"# %e'#%$-e,"# #,# e,%$*e#" ," %#.e#!, $&e' -" ,- "/'/, 100200$_{ &e.#' *#,--# %#% "/'/ e!*$} D#,%#,- e!*$ %#&#" %e,-, </, /M, ,- *', "/'/ 600$ K*&#"*$ ,- %#-/,!, ,O %#*.' $$*e "e*# &/#, %, !'$* ,- %* e.e#!, !$,e"# *$*& 2 %, .e//   ./&, % N'*&e,

O!"#% ,'*&e, e,-'"#&!, '*'&*e ,'#%#% S/'/ e!"# 400500$_ K*&#"*$, e,*$!"#% %, M$$!"#% U/ !*&#"*$ 6 ./&, %e,-, '"#& 8085

(11)

K*&#" ,- %#-/,!, %& $!"#%"# ,@*&e, e,%# ,'#%#% @*&* A%&' catalytic cracking of petroleum *e%* %& $%/!"# .e,"#, 7&,* ,-%#,<,- /,*/! 3 /* &. ,'#%#% @*&* "e*# *'/, %, !e/%#, %#e&/" '#,-- 6 /* I. *e&' %#!&# e.e#!, 2 I. '*'&#< ,'#%#% e 100 &. %# 161C0 ? *#*#! &e&e' ,@*&e, U% %# !$e"$ e<#$<*#,- %#&e+*!, e&&/# e,"  %, !e %#e*e 5 !!# %e,-, *#,--# 30 !!# e!*$ ,-e,-,%/,- !*&#" ././! N@*&e, e&e&e' %#"e$*!, !e %& e!*$ % &/ 400 &. e  e,-/ %, .e</ %e,-, /% %# %&, Be.e !*&#" ././! !e&/ %e,-, $%/! "*e#,- %, %#'/" $&e' "#!&$, %, @#&*e 7'*'&#< ,'%#%e %#*e/!, !e.&# %& !$,%e,"$ G"-" e!$ %#-$"$! %, %#&e+*!, !e /% Ke/,*/,-, %#!&# &e.#' *#,--# !e/,#, $%/! "#$ /% &e.#' e,%' !/,- .' &e%!, &e.#' "e%#!#* *e,- !e e&*, &/ /,- %, "/'/ $e"# ,- &e.#' e,%'

6. O!"#%"# @"e / "e,+ &#@*#!

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H3OH  HOH 9 H2 O2 92H2O

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(12)

!$,e"# .#" e,<# 6 %e,-, *e&/* .e" H2 ,- .e% % .+' !$&$ "</..#,-

. O!"#%"# e*,$&

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%& $"e" "#,./,- @"e / (!*&#*#!) &e.#' "/&#* !e, e<' e,%# @$&%e'#% O2 9 .',.', &#, O!"#%"# "#/&*, </, e*,$& %, "e*&%e'#% %& @"e / e.e#!, !$,e"# ,- .#! A"e*&%e'#% e,%# " "e** %, e*,$& e,%# "e*&%e'#% ,- , "e*&%e'#%, %#!e.&#!, !e %& $"e"

F. Per!,!t!n

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