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k a u m b o r j u i s a d a l a t : m e m p e r o / e h k e u n t u n g a n y a n g m a k s i m u m .

S e b a / i k n y a , y a n g p r o l e t a r p e r l u g a j i y a n g / e b i h , g a j i y a n g

m e n g u r a n g i k e u n t u n g a n m a -. j i k a n , d a n m a n a k a / a m a j i k a n

t i d a k m e m e n u h i t u n t u t a n p e k e r j a t e r j a d i l a h k o n j l i k i n -d u s t r i . ( K a r l M a r x )

B e r u l a n g - u l a n g p e r i n g a t a n H a r i B u r u h S e d u n i a p a d a 1

M e i ( M a y D a y ) , s e s u n g g u h n y a b u k a n h a n y a r u t i n i t a s p e n g e r a

-h a n m a s s a k e j a l a n - j a l a n d a n a t a u p u s a t k e k u a s a a n . A k a . n t e t a p i j u g a b e r b a g a i p e r t u n -j u k a n ( t e a t e r i k a l ) , s p a n d u k , b a l i h o y a n g i s i n y a , t i a d a l a i n a s p i r a s i d a r i k e n y a t a a n y a n g d i -a l -a m i k -a u r n b u r u h y -a n g m -a s i h b e l u r n b e r u b a h n a s i b n y a .

P a r a b u r u h m a s i h s a j a d i -h a d a p k a n p a d a k e n y a t a a n p a h i t b a h w a m e r e k a s e a k a n

m e n j a d i k e l o m p o k y a n g m e r a s a d i m a r j i n a l k a n d a n " d i -h i s a p " k e r i n g a t n y a o l e h p a r a p e m i l i k m o d a l , m a j i k a n , d a n p e m e r i n t a h . A l a m t e t a p i , y a n g m e n j a d i p e r s o a l a n d a n t a n -t a n g a n , -t e n -t u n y a a d a l a h s e j a u h m a n a a k s i a k s i u n j u k r a s a d e -n g a -n p e -n g e r a h a -n m a s s a i n i ,

e f e k t i f d a n e f i s i e n d a l a m u p a y a m e m p e r j u a n g k a n n a s i b m e r e -k a . D i s i s i l a i n , a p a -k a h p a r a b u r u h m e n y a d a r i b a h w a g e r a k a n m a s s a s e p e r t i i n i b e n a r

b e n a r m u r n i s e b a g a i p o l a p e r -j u a n g a n a t a s n a m a p e r u b a h a n

n a s i b .

B u k a n k a h g e r a k a n m a s s a d a l a m w u j u d y a n g d i k o o r d i -n a s i o l e h o r g a -n i s a s i b u r u h ,

m a s i h s a j a b e r m u a t a n p o l i t i k p r a k t i s d a n r e n t a n d e n g a n t i n -d a k a n - t i n -d a k a n y a n g c e n -d e r u n g a n a r k i s , m e n g a h a s u t , m e n g h u j a t , d a n a t a u k o n - . f r o n t a t i f . L e b i h m e n g k h a w a t i r -k a n l a g i a d a l a h c a r a p a n d a n g a n b u r u h y a n g m e l i h a t p a r a p e m i l i k m o d a l , m a j i k a n , a t a u p e -m e r i n t a h s e b a g a i " m u s u h "

y a n g h a r u s " d i l a w a n " . U n j u k r a s a b u r u h m e m i l i k i r e l e v a n s i d e n g a n g e r a k a n s o s i a l , k a r e n a u n j u k r a s a b u r u h

t i d a k l a h b e r d i r i s e n d i r i t a n p a f a k t o r - f a k t o r p e n y e b a b , b a i k d a l a m l i n g k u p k e p e n t i n g a n

p r i b a d i , k o l e k t i f , o r g a n i s a s i , m a u p u n p e n g a r u h g l o b a l p a r a b u r u h d a l a m h u b u n g a n p r o d u k s i d a n r e l a s i s o s i a l . S e -m u a n y a -m e r u p a k a n p r o s e s i n -t e r a k s i d a n k o m u n i k a s i s a -t u

s a m a l a i n .

G e r a k a n b u r u h s e b a g a i g e

-r a k a n s o s i a l j u g a d a p a t d i l i h a t d a l a m g a g a s a n l i b e r a l i n d i v i d u -a l i s m e , y -a n g m e n e k -a n k -a n a k a n a r t i p e n t i n g n y a h a k - h a k d a n k e b e b a s a n i n d i v i d u d a n r a s i o

-n a l , s i f a t -n y a d i l e t a k k a -n s e b a g a i k a t a k u n c i u n t u k m e m a h a m i

k e h i d u p a n s o s i a l , t e r u t a m a a s -p e k e k o n o m i d a n -p o l i t i k . P a r a p e n g a n u t n y a p e r c a y a , k e h i d u -p a n s o s i a l s e n a n t i a s a b e r j a l a n d i b a w a h k e n d a l i m o t i f k e -p e n t i n g a n p r i b a d i , y a n g m e l e k a t d a l a m d i r i k e p a d a s e t i a p i n d i v i d u . P e r s p e k t i f l i b e r a l i n d i v i -d u a l i n i m e n y u m b a n g k a n g a -g a s a n t e r h a d a p s t u d i g e r a k a n s o s i a l y a i t u , f a k t o r p e n d o r o n g u t a m a l a h i r n y a g e r a k a n s o s i a l a d a l a h k a r e n a a d a n y a k e -p e n t i n g a n p r i b a d i d a r i s e t i a p

i n d i v i d u y a n g t e r l i b a t d i d a l a m

-n y a .

P a r a p e m e r h a t i b u r u h m e -n u -n j u k k a -n b e r b a g a i k i s a h m e n y e d i h k a n , y a n g d i a l a m i p a r a b u r u h s e j a k p e n j a j a h a n s a m p a i s e k a r a n g d i e r a r e f o r -m a s i . B a d a n P u s a t S t a t i s t i k

( B P S ,2 0 1 0 ) , m e n g a t a k a n , s e k i -t a r 7 5 p e r s e n -t e n a g a k e r j a d i I n d o n e s i a a d a l a h p e k e r j a " k e -r a h b i -r u " ( p e k e r j a k a s a r ) , y a k n i p e k e r j a y a n g m e l a k u k a n

p e k e r j a a n d e n g a n t a n g a n n y a a t a u m e n c a r i n a f k a h d e n g a n

t e n a g a f i s i k . D a r i s e k i t a r 9 5 j u t a t e n a g a k e r j a y a n g b e k e r j a p a -d a 2 0 0 7 , s e b e s a r 7 0 , 2 2 j u t a o r a n g m a s u k k a t e g o r i p e k e r j a k e r a h b i r u , s e m e n t a r a 2 4 , 7 8 j u

-t a o r a n g p e k e r j a k e r a h p u -t i h ( m e n g a n d a l k a n k e m a m p u a n i n t e l e k t u a l u n t u k m e n c a r i

n a f k a h ) .

P a r a p e k e r j a k e r a h b i r u y a n g r e l a t i f l e b i h t i d a k t e r d i d i k , s e -h i n g g a p o s i s i t a w a r b u r u -h k e l o m p o k i n i t e r h a d a p p e r u s a -h a a n b i a s a n y a l e b i -h l e m a -h , b u k a n h a n y a m e n y a n g k u t

u p a h , t e t a p i j u g a h a k h a k n o r -m a t i f b u r u h l a i n n y a , s e p e r t i j a m i n a n s o s i a l , a s u r a n s i k e s e

-h a t a n , d a n j a m i n a n h a r i t u a , s e r t a h a k - h a k l a i n n y a . D i n a m i -k a g e r a -k a n b u r u h d i I n d o n e s i a t a k l e p a s d a r i p o l i t i k p e r b u -r u h a n , k o n f l i k k e p e n t i n g a n ,

s e r t a i d e o l o g i .

P e m u r n i a n k e m b a l i o r i e n t a s i

g e r a k a n b u r u h . I n d o n e s i a

m e r u p a k a n p r . e s p a n j a n g y a n g s e m e s t i n a t e r u s d i k r i t i s i d a n d i k a w a l d g a n s u n g g u h - . s u n g g u h o l e h b i r u h i t u s e n d i r i

m a u p u n p a r a e l i t e n e g e r i , s e b a -g a i w u j u d t a n g j a w a b s o s i a l k e n e g . B e t a p a t i d a k m u d a h u n t u k a t m e m a h a -m i g e r a k a n b u n . , s e b a g a i b e n -t u k m u r n i p e r j u : g a n d a n g e r -a k -a n s o s i -a l e k o m i .

B u r u h . p e n d e r i t a a n K a u r n b u r u h e l a l u d i i d e n

-t i k k a n d a n m e m r o l e h l a b e l s e b a g a i k a u r n I e i a h , k a s a r , u n

-e d u c a t -e d , d i m i i n a l i s a s i k a n o l e h s i s t e m y a n g l e b i h k u a t s e c a r a s o s i a l , p o l i t i k , d a n e k o n o

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d iJ l n . M a r t a n e g a r a , B a n d u n g , 2 3 M a r e t l a l u .

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m i. K e r in g a t d a n te n a g a m e r e -k a d a la m -k o n s te la s i s e ja r a h m a n u s ia te la h m e n ja d i s im b o l p e n d e r ita a n d a n p e r ju a n g a n k a u m le m a h y a n g s e la lu te r tin -d a s -d a n -d itin -d a s .

B u r u h , s e a k a n m e n ja d i p r o -d u k -d a r i k o m o -d ita s b is n is -d a n . b u d a y a , y a n g ta k p e r n a h d im i-n a ti d a i-n d ih a r g a i e k s is te i-n s ii-n y a s e b a g a i m a n u s ia y a n g la y a k u n tu k h id u p n o r m a l d a n s e -ja h te r a . K e k e lir u a n d a n m a n ip u la s i ip e m ik ir a n b e g itu m e n y e ja r a h d a la m d ik o to m i, y a n g a n -ta g o n is d i a n -ta r a p a r a e lite b ir o k r a s i, e lit m a s y a r a k a t, k a u m b o r ju is d a n p r o le ta r ( k a u m b u r u h ) , s e h in g g a p e r -ju a n g a n y a n g d ila k u k a n k a u m b u r u h m e n ja d i p e I ju a n g a n ta n p a b a ta s w a k tu d a n r u a n g . R a -ta p a n d a n je r i-ta n k a u m b u r u h b e lu m m a m p u m e n g g u g a h k e -s a d a r a n n u r a n i p a r a e lite b ir o k r a s i d a n p a r a p e n g u s a h a .

S e ja k r e f o r m a s i 1 9 9 8 , b u r u h s e a k a n m e n e m u k a n r u a n g g e -r a k n y a k e m b a li u n tu k

m e n y a lu r k a n b e r b a g a i a s p i-r a s in y a , y a n g p a d a m a s a O i-r d e B a r n s e m p a t d ib u n g k a m . G e -r a k a n b u -r u h d a la m p -r a k tik s o s ia l e k o n o m i, p o litik , d a n b u .d a y a tid a k la h b e r h e n ti d i te m

-p a t m e r e k a b e k e I ja ju g a d a la m r u a n g - r u a n g p u b lik .

T e r p u r u k n y a n a s ib b u r u h y a n g s e m a k in tr a n s p a r a n ib a r a t g u n u n g e s , y a n g m e w a k ili r a tu -s a n r ib u k a u m b u r u h a ta u b a h k a n p u lu h a n ju ta d a la m k e -h id u p a n s e -h a r i- -h a r i s a n g a t m e m p r ih a tin k a n .

G e r a k a n b u r u h s e b a g a i s a la h s a tu b a g ia n d a r i g e r a k a n s o s ia l

m e r u p a k a n g e r a k a n a ta s n a m a k e lo m p o k b u r u h , y a n g d ile m b a g a k a n d a la m h u b u n g a n p e r -la w a n a n m e n u ju e k s is te n s i m a s y a r a k a t, m e lib a tk a n ik a ta n la n g s u n g a n ta r a p e m im p in d e n g a n p e n g ik u tn y a , s e b a g a i u p a y a k o le k tif u n tu k m e n c a p a i s u a tu p e r u b a h a n s o s ia l. G e -r a k a n s o s ia l d a p a t d ilih a t s e b a -g a i u p a y a k o le k tif u n tu k m e n -c a p a i s u a tu ta ta n a n h id u p y a n g b a r n .

S u d a h s a a tn y a , p e m e r in ta h ( a p a r a t te r k a it) m e n ja d i w a s it y a n g b e n a r - b e n a r f a ir ta n p a n ia t u n tu k m e m ia n f ia ia tk ia n k e w e -n a -n g a -n y a -n g d im ilik i-n y a , a p a la g i " m a in m a ta " te r h a d a p b e r b a g a i te m u a n n e g a tif d i p e -r u s a h a a n . D e m ik ia n ju g a p a -r a p e n g u s a h a ta k la g i " m e m a n -ja k a n " o k n u m - o k n u m

b ir o k r a s i d a n a ta u p o litis i y a n g s e la lu b e r k e lit d i b a lik D U , p e r d a , d a n a ta u d e m i k e b e r la n g -s u n g a n p e r u s a h a a n .

D e m ik ia n ju g a k a u m b u r u h d a n o r g a n is a s in y a , s e b a ik n y a m e la k u k a n k o te m p la s i d a n r e e v a lu a s i a ta s b e r b a g a i k ip r a h n y a ( r e p o s is i) , te r m a s u k g e -r a k a n m a s s a n y a a g a -r le b ih m e m b e r ik a n m a k n a y a n g le b ih s ig n if ik a n b a g i p e r ju a n g a n n a -s ib p a r a b u r u h . P o la - p o la la m a y a n g tid a k a s p ir a tif d a n m e m a n d a n g p e n g u s a h a a ta u b u r u h s e b a g a i " m u s u h '" h a r u s s u -d a b -d itin g g a lk a n -d a n -d ig a n ti d e n g a n c a r a p a n d a n g b a r n y a n g le b ih h u m a n is .

Suwandi

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