Korupsi Tetap Primadona.

Pikiran Rakyat

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-Korupsi Tetap Primad

na

O leh

Y E S M IL

A N W A R ,

S H , M S i

K

O R U P S I tetap m en

jad i san g p rim ajad o n a sep

-an j-an g

2 0 1 1

in i. S eb u t

saja k asu s k ak ap sep erti k asu s

B an k C en tu ry , k asu s cek p

ela-w at an g g o ta D P R , k asu s ela-w ism a

atlet seb ag ai p u n cak

"g u n u n g

es" d ari b erb ag ai k asu s k o ru p si

d i n eg eri in i. K o ru p si d ian g g ap

seb ag ai k ejah atan lu ar b iasa

(ex-t r a o r d i n a r y

crim e) k aren a

sa-n g at m eru g ik asa-n u m at m asa-n u sia,

y aitu m en cu ri u an g n eg ara. S

e-b ag ai su atu k ejah atan , k o ru p si

u m u m n y a d ilak u k an o leh p en

ja-h at b erd asi

alias

w h i t e c o l l a r

crim e d en g an m en g g u n ak an

ja-b atan n y a

seb ag ai

alat

u n tu k

m elak u k an tin d ak k rim in al.

M em p red ik si k rim in alitas u n

-tu k

2 0 1 2

tid ak d ap at Iep as d ari

k rim in alitas

y an g terjad i p ad a

2 0 1 1

k aren a ep id em io lo g i k

eja-h atan b ersifat sin am b u n g d alam

sistem so sial y an g d in am is. P

e-n y eb arae-n

k ejah atan

d ap at

d

i-p red ik si d en g an m en g g u n ak an

p en d ek atan

k u an titatif

( r a t e c r i m e ) ,

h aru s ju g a d itu n jan g d

e-n g ae-n p ee-n d ek atae-n

k u alitatif d an

p en d ek atan

k o m p lek sitas k

eja-h atan . H al in i san g at p erlu ag ar

,

p em etaan areal k ejah atan d ap at

d ib aca

d an

d ian alisis

secara

k o m p reh en sif u n tu k selan ju tn y a

d ilak u k an p en an g an an , tin d ak

-an , d -an p en ceg ah -an d in i. U n tu k

itu , seb aik n y a

P o lri tid ak Iag i

m em b ed ak an d en g an tajam an

-tara k ejah atan k erah p u tih d an

k ejah atan k erah b iru d alam m

e-n y u su e-n

r a t e

crim e d i b erb ag ai

p o Isek d an p o lres d i In d o n esia

k aren a selam a in i k ejah atan

k

er-ah p u tih

tid ak

p ern ah

d ap at

d ip etak an

p en y eb aran n y a

d i

n eg eri in i. A k ib atn y a, k ejah atan

k erah p u tih su lit u n tu k d itelaah

secara ilm iah d alam u p ay a u n

-tu k m en an g g u lan g in y a.

M o d u s o p e ra n d i

T ah u n

2 0 1 1

in i b eg itu b an y ak

k ejah atan y an g b en tu k d an m o

-d u s o p eran -d in y a

san g at m em

-p rih atin k an ,

b ah k an b erad a d i

am b an g

b atas ak al seh at. H al

terseb u t d ap at d ilih at d ari su d u t

k u an titas,

k u alitas,

atau p u n

k o m p lek sitasn y a. K ejah atan

"ja-Ian an " y an g b iasan y a d ilak u k an

o Ieh aw am jjelata

( s t r e e t

crim e)

d iseb u t ju g a seb ag ai k ejah atan

k erah b iru

( b l u e c o l l a r

crim e)

p ad a

2 0 1 1

in i san g at m en in g k at,

S eb ag ai co n to h , p en cu rian

d

en g aen k ek erasaen d i b erb ag ai k o

-ta, p en ip u an

d en g an h ip n o tis,

p eram p o k an p ero ran g an , atau

-p u n -p eram -p o k an

b erk elo m p o k

y an g san g at b ru tal

d i M ed an ,

B an d u n g , Jaw a ten g ah . P eram

-p o k tid ak

seg an -seg an

m em

-b u n u h k o r-b an n y a, -b ah k an m

e-n em b ak p o lisi.

D em ik ian p u la d en g an k

ejah atan d i k en d araan u m u m (an g

-k o t) y an g san g at m eresah -k an

m asy arak at, teru tam a o ran g tu a

k aren a tak u t k ejah atan k esu

si-laan d an p em erk o saan d i an g k o t

ak an terjad i p ad a an ak p erem

-p u an n y a

y an g

m asih

sek o lah

atau k u liah y an g secara ru tin

m en g g u n ak an

an g k o t seb ag ai

alat

tran sp o rtasi.

P en cu lik an

an ak , p em b u n u h an k aren a d en

-d am atau p u n b erlatar b elak an g

b isn is, serta y an g sed an g

h

a-n g at-h aa-n g ata-n y a d ilib as p ea-n eg ak

h u k u m , ad alah p rem an ism e d an

b eran d al

b erm o to r.

K ejah atan

in i b isa d ilak u k an o leh rak y at

je-lata atau p u n p o litisi d an seleb

ri-ti.

•

Y an g ju g a m arak ad alah k

eja-h atan n ark o b a y an g d ilak u k an

o Ieh W N I m au p u n W N A . C o n

-to h n y a tertan g k ap n y a g an ja

se-b an y ak satu tru k d i S u k ase-b u m i,

terb o n g k arn y a

p elb ag ai p ab rik

sab u

sab u

d i T an g eran g

d an

sek itarn y a. S em en tara p en g g

e-lap an p ajak y an g d ilak u k an G

a-y u s seb ag ai p elo p o r ju g a b an a-y ak

d ilak u k an p en g u sah a y an g b

er-k o lu si d en g an o er-k n u m p eg aw ai

D itjen P ajak . S elain itu , u an g

p alsu b an y ak d icetak d i In d o n

e-sia, k h u su sn y a d i B an d u n g .

W ilay ah o p erasi k ejah atan n y a

b isa k elu ar

d ari b atas

n eg ara

d an

san g at

can g g ih .

B isa d

i-lak u k an

p ero ran g an

d an ju g a

b erk elo m p o k

d en g an jarin g an

y an g san g at rap i, su lit d ilacak ,

d an

d ib ed ak an

d en g an

y an g

b u k an k rim in al. A d a ju g a jen is

k ejah atan tero rg an isasi lain n y a

sep erti tero rism e

d an rad ik

al-ism e. U n tu k k ejah atan

p erd

a-g an a-g an o ran a-g , b eb erap a k o ta d i

Jaw a

b arat

d ian g g ap

seb ag ai

sen tra

p em aso k

p erd ag an g an

o ran g . T id ak k etin g g alan

p

er-d ag an g an sen jata y an g k em u er-d

i-an d ig u n ak i-an

u n tu k

k eg iatan

sep aratis

d i b erb ag ai

w ilay ah

d an u n tu k m eram p o k b an k

o leh

o k n u m ten tara atau p o lisi.

T ak k alah p en tin g n y a ad alah

m arak n y a m afia p erad ilan

d an

m afia h u k u m y an g m eru p ak an

k ejah atan y an g d ilak u k an o leh

p en eg ak h u k u m . Y an g terak h ir

tetap i ju stru san g at p en tin g

a d a

-lah k ejah atan

y an g d ilak u k an

o leh n eg ara k ep ad a rak y atn y a

atau p u n

k o n flik h o rizo n tal

d

i-m an a p en eg ak h u k u i-m tid ak i-m

e-lak u k an

tin d ak an

p en ceg ah an

(p em b iaran ) seh in g g ajatu h

k o

-rb an . C o n to h n y a

p elan g g aran

b erat H A M d i S u m sel d an M

e-su ji L am p u n g

y an g b erk aitan

d en g an

b en tro k

an tara

p en

-d u -d u k -d an p em ilik p erk eb u n an .

P eru sak an lin g k u n g an d an ek

s-p lo itasi alam y an g b erleb ih an ,

d ilak u k an

seju m lah

b u p ati d i

b erb ag ai d aerah u n tu k m en in g .:

k atk an p en d ap atan

d aerah n y a.

T ercatat

cu k u p

b an y ak 'k asu s

p em b ajak an

d an

p en cu rian

k ary a cip ta, ek sp lo itasi, d an k

e-cu ran g an

d alam

p erd ag an g an

sam p ai p em ak saan

d alam

sis-tern h u k u m in sis-tern asio n al

y an g

ff

VUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

a e p a a n e g a r a y a n g l e m a h p o s i s i t a w a r n y a .

P a l i n g m e m p r i h a t i n k a n , d e

-n g a -n m a t a t e l a n j a n g k i t a m e l i

-h a t s e s e o r a n g d e n g a n m u d a h

m e r u s a k f a s i l i t a s u m u m d e n g a n

m e n g g e r g a j i r e I k e r e t a a p i , j e m

-b a t a n , m e n a r a l i s t r i k , a t a u p u n

k a b e l t e l e f o n b a w a h t a n a h

h a n y a u n t u k d i j u a l s e b a g a i b e s i

t u a p a d a p a s a r l o a k . K e j a h a t a n

k e k e r a s a n y a n g d i l a k u k a n s e

-c a r a k o l e k t i f s u d a h s a m p a i d i

t i t i k y a n g s a n g a t m e m p r i h a t i n

k a n . C o n t o h , m a s y a r a k a t m e r u

-s a k s a r a n a u m u m , t a w u r a n

a n t a r p e l a i a r / m a h a s i s w a , a n t a r

-s u k u / e t n i k , m a i n h a k i m s e n d i r i

d e n g a n m e n g a t a s n a m a k a n a g a

-m a a t a u e t n i k t e r t e n t u d e n g a n

a l a s a n p e n e g a k h u k u m " m a n

-d u l " k a r e n a m e m b i a r k a n s a j a

u s a h a h i b u r a n y a n g m e r e k a

a n g g a p " m a k s i a t " b e r o p e r a s i , j u

-g a p a r t a i - p a r t a i t e r t e n t u y a n g

i k u t p e m i l u k a d a k a r e n a c a l o n

y a n g d i d u k u n g n y a k a l a h l a l u

m e r u s a k k a n t o r p e m e r i n t a h .

Y a n g s a n g a t m e m p r i h a t i n k a n

b u k a n h a n y a k u a l i t a s d a n k u a n

-t i -t a s k e j a h a -t a n y a n g m e n i n g k a -t ,

t e t a p i k o m p l e k s i t a s n y a . D a l a m

s u a t u p e r i s t i w a k e j a h a t a n , b i s a

t e r j a d i b e r b a g a i t i n d a k k e j a h a t

-a n s e p e r t i p e m b u n u h a n y a n g

d i b a r e n g i p e r a m p o k a n , p e m e r

-k o s a a n , p e n g a n i a y a a n , d a n s e

k a l i g u s p e m b a k a r a n . A d a s e m a

-n g a t a t a v i s m e p r i m i t i f y a n g d i

-l a n d a s i n a f s u a g r e s i t a k t e r k

-e n d a l i .

D e m i k i a n p u l a k o r u p t o r , b a

-r a n g k a l i a p a y a n g a d a d i b e n a k

m e r e k a s a m a d e n g a n m a s s a

y a n g t u k a n g s a n t e t . M e r e k a

m e r a s a t i d a k b e r s a l a h , m e r a s a

p e r b u a t a n m e r e k a a d a l a h w a j a r

-w a j a r s a j a , k a r e n a u a n g y a n g

m e r e k a " r a m p o k " a d a l a h m i l i k

n e g a r a , m i l i k m e r e k a j u g a . Y a n g

p a l i n g p o p u l e r d i p e n g u j u n g

2 0 1 1 a d a l a h k o r u p s i B a n t u a n S o s i a l ( B a n s o s ) y a n g d i l a k u k a n

a p a r a t p e m e r i n t a h . · F a n t a s t i s n y a

l a g i , m e r e k a m e n g a t a k a n p e r b u

a t a n i t u s e b a g a i b a g i b a g i " r e z e

-k i " . P a d a h a l , d i b a l i k i t u a d a

m a k s u d - m a k s u d l a i n y a n g

b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n p e n c i t r a a n

d a l a m d u n i a p o l i t i k a g a r d i p i l i h

k e m b a l i p a d a p e r i o d e b e r i k u t

-n y a s e b a g a i p e j a b a t d i d a e r a h .

B a g a i m a n a h a l n y a d e n g a n b i

r o k r a t y a n g t u g a s n y a m e m b e r i

-k a n i z i n d a l a m b i d a n g p e r t a n a

-h a n , p e r u m a -h a n , p e m b a n g u n a n

i n f r a s t r u k t u r , d a n k e n d a r a a n

b e r m o t o r s a m p a i j u g a d i n a s p e

-m a k a -m a n ? S a m a s a j a , m e r e k a

m e r a s a " k e k u a s a a n " y a n g d i m i

-l i k i n y a m e r u p a k a n l a d a n g b a g i

k e h i d u p a n .

Kriminalitas

2012

M e n g a m a t i k o n d i s i k r i m i n a l

-i t a s 2 0 1 1 , j e n i s , m o d u s , m o t i f y a n g a k a n t e r j a d i p a d a 2 0 1 2 d a r i s u d u t k u a n t i t a s , k u a l i t a s , d a n

k o m p l e k s i t a s k e j a h a t a n t i d a k l a h

a k a n t e r l a l u j a u h . B a h k a n d i

2 0 1 2 a d a b e b e r a p a j e n i s k e j a h a t a n y a n g h a m s m e n d a p a t p e r

-h a t i a n k -h u s u s , y a i t u b r u t a l i s m e

m a s s a y a n g d i s e b a b k a n e k s e s

n e g a t i f d a r i p e m a h a m a n y a n g

k e l i r u t e r h a d a p p e s t a d e m o

-k r a s i , m i s a l n y a p e m i l u -k a d a d a n

p i l p r e s . T i d a k k a l a h k r u s i a l n y a

a d a n y a d a m p a k k r i s i s k e u a n g a n

g l o b a l y a n g m e n y e b a b k a n b a

-n y a k b u r u h t e r k e n a P H K , s e

-h i n g g a p e n g a n g g u r a n m e m b e

l u d a k . H a l i t u a k a n m e m i c u k e r

a w a n a n s o s i a l y a n g p a d a u j u n g

-n y a a k a n b e r m u a r a p a d a m e

-n i -n g k a t -n y a k r i m i n a l i t a s y a n g

b e r m o t i f e k o n o m i .

K e j a h a t a n n a r k o b a s a n g a t l a h

m u n g k i n a k a n m e n i n g k a t d i I n

-d o n e s i a k a r e n a s e l a m a i n i I n

-d o n e s i a -d i a n g g a p l a d a n g s u b u r

p e n g g u n a d a n b a h k a n s e k a r a n g

t e r c a t a t s e b a g a i p r o d u s e n n a r

-k o b a d i A s i a , t e r b u k t i d e n g a n

d i t e m u k a n n y a b e r t o n - t o n b a h a n

r a c i k a n d a n j u g a n a r k o b a " s i a p

s a j i " d i b e r b a g a i d a e r a h . S e m e n

-t a r a k e j a h a t a n t r a n s n a s i o n a l

d a n k e h a j a t a n i n t e r n a s i o n a l

y a n g h a r u s m e n d a p a t p e r h a t i a n

s e r i u s a d a l a h t e r o r i s m e . C u c i

u a n g , u a n g p a l s u , d a n p e r d a g a n

-g a n o r a n g j u g a a k a n m e n j a d i

s a l a h s a t u p r i m a d o n a k e j a h a t a n

n a s i o n a l , t r a n s n a s i o n a l , d a n i n

-t e r n a s i o n a l y a n g j a r i n g a n n y a

m e r a m b a h k e s e l u r u h d u n i a ,

t e r m a s u k I n d o n e s i a .

S e m e n t a r a k o r u p s i m a s i h

m e r u p a k a n

primus inierpares

d i n e g e r i i n i . M e s k i p u n p e r a n g

t e r h a d a p k o r u p s i s a n g a t g e n c a r

d i l a k u k a n d i s e l u r u h d u n i a , d i

I n d o n e s i a k o r u p s i s u d a h m e n

j e l m a m e n j a d i b a g i a n d a r i p e r i

-l a k u s e h a r i - h a r i y a n g d i a n g g a p

l u m r a h , d a r i m u l a i k o r u p s i y a n g

d i l a k u k a n p e j a b a t e k s e k u t i f , l e g

-i s l a t -i f , a t a u p u n y u d i k a t i f h i n g g a

j u r u p a r k i r y a n g m e n g e l o l a k a r

-c i s p a r k i r .

Penanggulangan

M e n g a p a m a n u s i a m e n j a d i

s e m a k i n j a h a t d a n s a l i n g m e n j a

-h a t i s a t u s a m a l a i n n y a s e m e n

-t a r a i l m u w a n b e r b a g a i b i d a n g

t e r m a s u k b i d a n g a g a m a b e r

-t u m b u h d e n g a n p e s a t n y a ? I n

-t e r a k s i s o s i a l y a n g t e r j a d i b a i k

s i s t e m d a n p o l a k e j a h a t a n a t a u

-p u n s i s t e m d a n p o l a p e n g h u

-k u m a n s e o l a h b e r k e j a r - k e j a r a n

u n t u k s a l i n g m e n i a d a k a n . D i

s a m p i n g t e r j a d i f r u s t r a s i s o s i a l

d a l a m m a s y a r a k a t , k e l a n g k a a n

e n e r g i , k r i s i s k e u a n g a n g l o b a l ,

k e r u s a k a n l i n g k u n g a n y a n g

p a r a h , k r i s i s e t i k a , k h u s u s n y a d i

I n d o n e s i a , d i t a m b a h d e n g a n

k o n d i s i a n o m i e y a n g d i s e b a b k a n

k a r e n a t e r l a l u l a m a d a l a m m a s a

t r a n s i s i , y a i t u a d a l a h e u f o r i a r e

-f o r m a s i d i m a n a t e r j a d i p e r u b a

-h a n y a n g c e p a t d i b e r b a g a i

b i d a n g k e h i d u p a n y a n g t i d a k

b e r k e s u d a h a n s e j a k 1 9 9 8 h i n g g a

s a a t i n i . D i m a n a n i l a i - n i l a i l a m a

s u d a h m a t i s e d a n g k a n n i l a i - n i l a i

b a r n b e l u m t u m b u h , t e r j a d i k e r

-a n c u -a n n i l a i ,

absence of norm

a t a u

deregulation of norm

y a n g d i s e b u t s e b a g a i k o n d i s i a n o m i e ,

k e a d a a n t a n p a n o r m a s e h i n g g a

m a s y a r a k a t t i d a k a d a p e g a n g a n

n i l a i n i l a i y a n g b a i k u n t u k m e n

-j a l a n k a n h i d u p n y a k a r e n a i t u

m e r e k a m e n c a r i n i l a i - n i l a i

h i d u p d a l a m k e g a m a n g a n , k e

b e b a s a n y a n g b e r l e b i h a n , h e d o

n i s , d a n p e r m i s i f d e n g a n m e m

-p e r h i t u n g k a n k e s e n a n g a n a t a u

-p u n -p e n d e r i t a a n j i k a k e j a h a t a n

m e r e k a t e r b o n g k a r .

S e b a g a i t e r a p i t e n t u s a j a t i

-d a k l a h m u n g k i n h a n y a b e r

-t u m p u p a d a p e n e g a k h u k u m .

M e s k i p u n s a a t i n i p e n e g a k a n

h u k u m y a n g s e r i u s d a n g e n c a r

s a n g a t l a h d i b u t u h k a n , p e n u l i s

b e r p e n d a p a t n a i k t u r u n n y a a n g k a k r i m i n a l i t a s d i I n d o n e s i a

s a n g a t t e r g a n t u n g d a r i k i n e r j a

d a n p e n e t r a s i p e n e g a k h u k u m .

J i k a p e n e g a k h u k u m l e m a h d a n

l e n g a h , a n g k a k r i m i n a l i t a s a k a n

m e n i n g k a t . P e n e g a k h u k u m

h a r u s b e k e r j a d a r i h u l u k e h i l i r ,

m u l a i d a r i p r e v e n t i f d e n g a n c a r a

p e n y u l u h a n m e n i n g k a t k a n k e

-s a d a r a n h u k u m m a s y a r a k a t ,

p r e e n t i f d a n r e p r e s i f , t i n d a k a n

y a n g t e g a s b e r d a s a r k a n h u k u m

y a n g b e r l a k u d e n g a n t e t a p

b e r p e g a n g p a d a t u j u a n h u k u m ,

y a i t u k e a d i l a n .

K e n a p a s e o l a h - o l a h t a n g g u n g

j a w a b b e r a t i n i h a r u s d i j u n j u n g

o l e h p e n e g a k h u k u m , k h u s u s

-n y a k e p o l i s i a -n ? J a w a b a -n -n y a k a

-r e n a b e -r b a g a i i n s t t i t u s i l e m b a g a

s o s i a l d a l a m k e a d a a n " m a t i s u

-r i " . B u k t i n y a , n o -r m a - n o -r m a s o

-s i a l m e n g a l a m i k e r a n c u a n , d e

-r e g u l a s i , d a n m a n d u l . A g a m a

h a n y a b e r o r i e n t a s i p a d a p r o s e

-d u r a l r i t u a l i s m e y a n g d i s a k r a l

-k a n t e t a p i t i d a k m a m p u d i

-t u a n g k a n d a l a m a l a m i m p l e

-m e n t a s i . E t i k a h a n y a s e b a g a i

lips service,

s o l i d a r i t a s s o s i a l s e k a d a r d i a t a s k o n s e p - k o n s e p

b e s a r d a n j a r g o n - j a r g o n p a r t a i

p o l i t i k u n t u k k e m e n a n g a n p a r

-t a i . B a h k a n k e m i s k i n a n d a n

p e n d e r i t a a n r a k y a t d i j a d i k a n

a l a t p r o p a g a n d a u n t u k m e n a r i k

s i m p a t i m a s y a r a k a t .

A n e h n y a , y a n g b e r k u a s a t a k

b i s a m e l i h a t s e m u a i t u , s e o l a h

-o l a h s e m u a b e r e s - b e r e s s a j a s e

-d a n g k a n d e r e t a n o r a n g m i s k i n

d a n m e n g a n g g u r s e m a k i n b e r

-t a m b a h . K e l a n g k a a n d a n m a

h a l n y a h a r g a p u p u k s e r t a b e r k u

-r a n g n y a i k a n d i l a u t m e m i c u

f r u s t a s i d i k a l a n g a n p e t a n i d a n

n e l a y a n . B u k a n k a n h a l i n i s a

-n g a t m e m p r i h a t i n k a n ? U n t u k

i t u o b a t y a n g p a l i n g m u j a r a b

a d a l a h p e n e g a k a n h u k u m y a n g

s e r i u s , p r o g r e s i f , a d i l , d a n p e n u h

k e b i j a k a n t a n p a p a n d a n g b u l u .

T e n t u n y a p e n e g a k h u k u m n y a h a m s b e r s i h t e r l e b i h d a h u l u d a n

j a n g a n t e b a n g p i l i h . H u k u m

t i d a k b o l e h t a j a m k e b a w a h t a p i

t u m p u l k e a t a s . S e l a m a t m e n g

-h a d a p i t a -h u n y a n g b a r n .

***