AN ANALYSIS OF PHONOLOGICAL INTERFERENCE IN MARC MARQUEZ’S INTERVIEWS
A THESIS
BY
CAMELIA ROSA SITOMPUL
REG. NO.110705048
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination
Head,
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS. NIP : 195411171980031002
Secretary,
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara on 11 July 2015
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A NIP. 19511013 1976031001
Board of Examiners
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A
Dr. Eddy Setia, M.Ed. TESP
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, CAMELIA ROSA SITOMPUL DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed :
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME : CAMELIA ROSA SITOMPUL
TITLE OF THESIS :AN ANALYSIS OF PHONOLOGICAL INTERFERENCE IN MARC MARQUEZ’S
INTERVIEWS
QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT :ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Thanks to Jesus, God Almighty, for the blessing and guidance so that the writer finally can finish this thesis. The writer realized that this thesis owes its existence to the help, support and inspiration of several people. Firstly, I would like to express my sincere appreciation and gratitude to my supervisor for their guidance during this research.
The writer also thank to Dr. Muhizar H. Muchtar, MS and Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D as the head and secretary of the department of English literature. And I thanked to all my lecturers and employee of office administrative Department of English Literature.
And my deepest gratitude and love goes to my family; my beloved father in heaven Haposan Sitompul and my beloved mother Lince Malau, all my brothers and my sisters, for their unflagging and everlasting love and also unconditional support throughout my life. And for my nephew David and Nuel, who always cheer up my days
I also thank to my good friends Ria, Aurelia and Rouli, who always stay with me in every condition since senior high school.
Finally, a very special thanks also goes out to my friends Beby, Elvi, Florence, Altena, Evi and Yudha. I would never forget your kindness for accept me in my bad condition and also for the contribution to this thesis, helping me with idea, translations and grammar.
Medan, May 18th 2015
viii ABSTRACT
Language interference is the language phenomenon which is common in bilingual speakers. The data source of this research are 22 interview videos of Marc Marquez in English. The whole video selected randomly from www.youtube.com. These videos transcribed, then find words that getting Spanish phonological interference. The data, that getting Spanish phonological interference, is 250 words collected by listening to the utterances or responses of Marc Marquez. The data analysis of this thesis showed some findings: (1) The types of Spanish phonological interference found in English pronunciation of Marc Marquez’s interviews are replacement phoneme with another phoneme/type B (229 words, 53 replacements), sorting a phoneme into two phonemes/type C (69 words, 38 phonemes that sorting into two phonemes ), sorting a phoneme into three phonemes/type D (14 words. 4 phonemes that sorting into three phonemes ), deletion of a phoneme/type E (32 words, 9 deletions) and the merger of two phonemes into one phoneme/type F (29 words, 8 pair of phonemes that merger into one phonme). (2) Replacement phoneme with another phoneme (type B) is the most dominant type of Spanish phonological interference towards English occurs in Marc Marquez’s interviews. There are 229 words from 250 words categorized into types B of phonological interference, and there are 134 words from 229 which is only categorized pure as type B, because that 134 words is not categorized into another type of phonological interference. And the the dominant replacement is the phoneme /ɪ/ replaced by /i/ (98 replacements).
ix ABSTRAK
Interferensi bahasa adalah fenomena bahasa yang lazim terjadi pada penutur bilingual. Data penelitian yang mendapat interferensi fonologi bahasa Spanyol adalah 250 kata yang dikumpulkan dengan mendengarkan ujaran-ujaran atau jawaban-jawaban Marc Marquez. Dari hasil analisis data yang dilakukan oleh penulis ditemukan: (1) Jenis-jenis interferensi fonologi bahasa Spanyol yang ditemukan pada pengucapan bahasa Inggris Marc Marquez adalah penggantian fonem dengan fonem lain (tipe B (229 kata, 53 penggantian fonem), pemilahan sebuah fonem menjadi dua fonem/tipe C (69 kata, 38 pemilahan), pemilahan sebuah fonem menjadi tiga fonem/tipe D (14 kata, 4 pemilahan), pelesapan sebuah fonem/tipe E (32 kata, 9 pelesapan) dan peleburan dua fonem menjadi satu fonem/tipe F (29 kata, 8 pasang fonem melebur. (2) Penggantian fonem dengan fonem lain (tipe B) adalah tipe interferensi fonologi yang paling dominan terjadi pada wawancara Marc Marquez, terdapat 229 kata dari 250 kata yang dikategorikan ke tipe interferensi fonologi tipe B, dan terdapat 134 kata dari 229 kata tersebut yang hanya dikategorikan interferensi fonologi tipe B murni, karena 134 kata tersebut tidak dikategorikan ke tipe interferensi fonologi lainnya. Dan
pergantian fonem yang paling dominan adalah fonem /ɪ/ menjadi fonem /i/
x TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... vii
ABSTRACK ... viii
ABSTRAK ... ix
TABLE OF CONTENT ... x
LIST OF TABLE ... xii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ... 1
1.1 Background of Study ... 1
1.2 Problem of the Study ... 7
1.3 Objective of the Study ... 7
1.4 Scope of the Study... 7
1.5 Significance of the Study ... 8
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ... 9
2.1 Theoretical Background ... 9
2.1.1 Linguistics ... 9
2.1.2 Sociolinguistic ... 11
2.1.3 Language Contact ... 14
2.1.4 Bilingualism ... 16
2.1.5 Interference ... 21
2.1.5.1 Phonological Interference ... 27
2.1.6 Phonological System of Spanish and English ... 30
CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH ... 41
3.1 Research Design ... 41
3.2 Data and Data Source ... 42
3.3 Data Collecting Method ... 45
3.4 Data Analysis Method ... 45
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDING ... 47
4.1 Data Description ... 47
4.1.1 Analysis ... 47
4.2 Finding ... 76
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 77
xii LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1. The Alphabet in Spanish and English ... 31
Table 2.2. Vowel of Spanish ... 36
Table 2.3. Vowel of English ... 36
Table 2.4. Consonant of English ... 37
Table 2.5. Consonant of Spanish ... 37
Table 4.1. Replacement Phoneme with Another Phoneme on Marc Marquez Utterances ... 48
Table 4.2 Sorting a Phoneme into Two Phonemes on Marc Marquez Utterances ... 62
Table 4.3 Sorting a Phoneme into Three Phonemes on Marc Marquez Utterances ... 68
Table 4.4 Deletion of a Phoneme on Marc Marquez Utterances...69
Table 4.5 The Merger of Two Phonemes into One Phoneme on Marc Marquez Utterances ... 74
Table 5.1. The Phoneme that Replaced with Another Phoneme... 78
Table 5.2 Phoneme that Sorted into Two Phonemes ... 80
Table 5.3 The Phoneme that Sorted into Three Phonemes ... 81