Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan Vol. 9 No. 1 (2009)p: 58-67
TEKNOLOGI REHABILITASI
LAHAN GAMBUT BONGKOR
UNTUK BUDIDAYA PADI
Agus Supriyol dan Eni Maftu'ah2
Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) Kalimantan Selatan. JI. Panglima Batur No 4, Banjarbaru. Kontak email: agssupriyo@yahoo.com
Balai Penelitian Pertanian Lahan Rawa, Banjarbaru
Abstract
The utilization of of peat land for agriculture through reclamation (land opened by drainage cannals construction). Tidalswamps were reclaimed in?5 years (1968 until 1993) predicted about 1.2 million hectares by goverment and about 3.0 millions hectare by community self. Area had reclaimed about 0.80 million hectares was peat lands. The reality showed that after five years more a part of these land became sleeping land (bongkor). The prediction of peat land areilS in Ex Mega Rice Project (MRP) mainly in block C area such as Pulang Pisau and a part of Kapuas district areas Central Kalimantan provincy, a part of Barito Kuala areas, 50uth Kalimantanprovincy, Ogan Kering Ilir and Banyuasin districts of South Sumatera provincy as sleeping land areas. Sleeping peaat lands area were decreased of land quality include low acidity, hidrophobics condition so that a rise ''irreversibledrying as resulted overdrained.
Rehabilitation of peat land were employed by approach (a) flooding or usage of tide water as flusshing, (b) soil amendment by ameliorant matterial and combination the usage of water single tide maintained in the plot for a day and drained in the low with ameliorant applied.
.
The interaction between the usage of the single tide maintained in the plot for a day and drained in the low tide (Ll) and ameliorant + fertilizer (A1) levels equivalent (4.800 dolomite + 5.860 farm manure +119 urea +119 SP36 + 79,5 KC/) kg.ha-1on saprict peat increased to lechate water-pH and decreased to disolved acidity, (b) The treatment Lo resulted in rice yield of 3.600 tha-1 harvest-dry seed on the cultivation of IR 66 or 19.50 % higher than the yield of the Martapura(3.020 tha-1) The treatment A1 resulted 4.360 tha-1 in the RS and 2.670 tha-1 in the OS on the cultivationof IR66.
Keywords: Rehabilitation, Sleeping land (peat), Rice
Pendahuluan
Pemanfaatan pertanian di lahan gambut secara bijaksana (wise use) meliputi aspek perencanaan tata ruang harus sesuai dengan peruntukan (daerah gambut pedalaman atau
\\dome' sebagai areal konservasi, daerah
tengahan diperuntukan bagi tanaman tahunan dan daerah tepi (1- 1,5 km) dari sungaiuntuk
budidaya tanaman pangan terutama padi), dari aspek lingkungan perlu memperhatikan kondisi biofisik dan sosial ekonomi dan budaya masyarakat.
Terdesaknya fungsi pemanfaatan lahan pertanian potensial di pulau Jawa akibat laju pembangunan, menyebabkan penyediaan pangan pada masa mendatang tidak dapat lagi bertumpu di pulau Jawa yang selama ini memasok 60% kebutuhan pangan nasional. Langkah strategis yang perlu dilakukan adalah memberikan perhatian yang lebih besar
terhadap pemanfaatan lahan-Iahan marginal .yang ada di luar pulau
Jawa,
danmengendalikan secara ketat laju alih fungsi lahan pertanian di pulau Jawa.
Salah satu lahan' marginal der:1gan',' . potensi luas yang besar adalah lahan gambut. Widjaja-Adhi et al. (1992) menginformasikan
bahwa luas lahan gambut di Indonesia mencapai 20,9 juta hektar, sedangkan
Notohadiprawiro(1996)melaporkanluaslahan
gambut Indoensia sekitar 17 juta hektar, dan Puslittanak (2000) menyatakan bahwa lahan gambut diIndonesia hanya 14,5 juta hektar.
Lahan gambut berperan penting bagi kesejahteraan manusia
(sebagai penghasil,
hasil hutan non kayu,\\ carbon-sinK', sebagaipenahan banjir, pemasok air, berbagai proses biokimi~ yang berhubungan dengan air, mengandung plasma nutfah yang bermanfaat (sumber karbohidrat, protein, minyak dan
-66
dd, Mg-dd penurunan kemasaman tertukar (H-dd + AL-dd), dan meningkatkan hasil padi IR 66 lebih tinggi dibanding padi var. Martapura.
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