Lap.praktikum 7 Klorida

(1)

c c c c c c c c c c c !"

(2)

PERCOBAAN VII KLORIDA

I.Y TUJUAN PERCOBAAN

#$#%& '%() *+(,-.%%& )&) %'%/%0 #&1#2 3+&4+1%0#)2%&'#&4%& 2/-()'% *%'%5#%1#*+(%)(%&

II.YTINJAUAN PUSTAKA

/-()'%%'%/%0)-&6%&41+(.+&1#25+7%21##&5#(2/-(3+&'%*%12%&5%1# +/+21(-& #&1#2 3+3.+&1#2 5#%1# %&)-& )-& .+(3#%1%& &+4%1)8 /9_%(%3 '%()%5%30)'(-2/-()'%/3+&4%&'#&4)-&2/-()'%:,-&1-0&6%%'%/%04%(%3 3+$%! 6%&4 %'%/%0 &%1()#3 2/-()'% '+&4%& 8-(3#/% 2)3)% %/ %/%3 %)(! 5+&6%7%)&)1+(*+,%03+&$%'))-&%;_'%&/9_<)2)*+')%!"

%1% 2/-()'% '%*%1 *#/% 3+(#$#2 *%'% 5+&6%7% 2)3)% 6%&4 5%1# %1%# /+.)0%1-32/-(&6%3+3)/)2))2%1%&2-=%/+&'%/%33-/+2#/&).+(%(1)2/-()'% '%*%1 .+(#*% 5+&6%7% %&-(4%&)2 3%#*#& -(4%&)2 -&1-0 *%/)&4 5+'+(0%&% '%()5#%1#2/-()'%%&-(4%&)2%'%/%00)'(-4+&2/-()'%/!5+'%&42%&,-&1-0 5+'+(0%&% 5+&6%7% -(4%&)2 5#%1# -(4%&-2/-()'% %'%/%0 2/-(-3+1%&% >/!%1%#5+()&4')5+.#13+1)/2/-()'%<)2)*+')%!"

-')#3 0/-()'% %1%# %1()#3 0/-()'% %/ 6%&4 ')2+&%/ 5+.%4%) 4%(%3%'%/%0?%16%&43+3)/)2)1)&42%1-53-1)26%&41)&44)%1()#32/-()'%! $#4% ')2+&%/ '+&4%& 4%(%3 '%*#(! %1%# 0%/)1! %'%/%0 5+&6%7% 2)3)% '+&4%& (#3#5 3-/+2#/ %/ +&6%7% )&) %'%/%04%(%3 6%&4 *%/)&4 3+3*+&4%(#0) 5%/)&)1%5 /%#1 '%& ,%)(%& +251(%5+/#/%( *%'% .%&6%2 -(4%&)53+ 3#/1)5+/#/%( +.%4%)2-3*-&+&#1%3%*%'%4%(%3'%*#(!&%1()#32/-()'%5+()&4')4#&%2%& 5+.%4%).#3.#'%&*+&4%7+13%2%&%&<)2)*+')%!"

5%32/-()'%%'%/%0/%(#1%&%2#%1)2'%()4%50)'(-4+&2/-()'%/% %'%/%0 %5%3 2#%1! '%& 3+(#*%2%& 2-3*-&+& #1%3% '%/%3%5%3 /%3.#&4 +&6%7% )&) $#4% ')4#&%2%& 5+,%(% /#%5 '%/%3 )&'#51() 5%3 2/-()'% 0%(#5 ')1%&4%&) '+&4%& 7+7%&1) 2+5+/%3%1%& 6%&4 1+*%1 2%(+&% 3+(#*%2%&,%)(%& 6%&45%&4%12-(-5)8<)2)*+')%!"

)'(-4+& 2/-()'%/%'%/%0%5%3 3-&-*(-1)2! 6%&4 .+(%(1).%07%)% '%*%1 .+(')5-5)%5) 3+/+*%52%& 5%1# ; 0%&6% 5+2%/) %/%3 /%(#1%& %5%3

(3)

2/-()'%! ; )&) .+(4%.#&4 '+&4%& 3-/+2#/ %)( 3+3.+&1#2 )-& 0)'(-&)#3! >;<)2)*+')%!"

/;"@>;;/9

-& /%)& 6%&4 1+(.+&1#2 %'%/%0 )-& 2/-()'%! /9 5%3 2/-()'% -/+0 2%(+&%&6% '%*%1 ')4#&%2%& #&1#2 3+3.#%1 4%(%3º ! 5+*+(1) &%1()#3 2/-()'% 5%3 2/-()'% %'%/%0%5%3 2#%1 2%(+&% )% .+(')5-5)%5) *+&#0 '%/%3 %)( 5%3 3-&-*(-1)2 3+3)/)2) 5%1# 1+1%*%& ')5-5)%5) %5%3! %! 6%&4 3+&4)&')2%5)2%& 1)&42%1 ')5-5)%5) ?%1 1+(5+.#1 '%/%3 %)( &1#2 %5%3 2#%1 5+*+(1) /! &)/%)% ,#2#* .+5%( +.+(%*% #5%0% *+(0)1#&4%& 1+-()1)5 1+/%0 ')/%2#2%&#&1#2 3+&40)1#&4&)/%)%/+1)2%4%(%32/-()'%5+*+(1)%/ ')1%3.%02%& 2+ /%(#1%& /! )% 1)'%2 %2%& 3+&4#.%0 * /%(#1%& 5+,%(% 5)4&)8)2%& %/ )&) 3+&4)&')2%5)2%& .%07% /9 %'%/%0 2-&$#4%1 .%5% 6%&4 5%&4%1/+3%0'%&/5+,%(%*+&#0.+(')5-5)%5)'%/%3/%(#1%&1+(5+.#1 &1#2 /%(#1%& %5%3 2/-()'% 6%&4 2#%1! %5#35) .%07% 3-/%()1%5 ; 5%3% '+&4%& 3-/%()1%5 / ,#2#*/%0 .%)2! '+&4%& 2+1+*%1%& 3+&,%*%) +3*%1 ')4)1 %&42% .+(3%2&%<)2)*+')%!"

%() 1#$#0 %5%3 3)&+(%/ 2#%1 '%/%3 2)3)%! %5%3 2/-()'% 3+(#*%2%& %5%3 3-&-*(-1)2 6%&4 *%/)&4 5#/)1 3+&$%/%&) (+%25) (+'-25 % $#4% 3+(#*%2%& %5%3 2#%1 6%&4 *%/)&4 1)'%2 .+(.%0%6% #&1#2 ')1%&4%&) ').%&')&42%&'+&4%&%5%32#%1/%)&&6%<%/%#*#&%5%3!)%3+&4%&'#&4)-& 2/-()'%6%&41)'%2(+%21)8'%&1)'%2.+(%,#& 5%3 2/-()'%'%/%32-&5+&1(%5) 3+&+&4%0 ,#2#* 51%.)/ #&1#2 ')5)3*%& '%& 1+(#5 3+3*+(1%0%&2%& 2-&5+&1(%5)&6% /+0 2%(+&% %/%5%& )&)/%0! %5%3 2/-()'% 3+(#*%2%& (+%4+& *+&4%5%36%&45%&4%1.%)2<)2)*+')%!"

5%3 2/-()'% 3+(#*%2%& %5%3 *)/)0%&'%/%31)1(%5) #&1#2 3+&+&1#2%& $#3/%0 .%5% 5%3 6%&4 /+.)0 2#%1 %2%& 3+3.+()2%& 0%5)/ 6%&4 /+.)0 .%)2 -/+0 2%(+&%1)1)2%20)( 6%&4 $+/%5 5%3 2/-()'%%?+-1(-*)22)(%A2)(% "!"B '%*%1 ')4#&%2%& 5+.%4%)51%&'%( *()3+( '%/%3 %&%/)5)5 2#%&1)1%1)8! 7%/%#*#& 2-&5+&1(%5)&6% .+(4%&1#&4 *%'% 1+2%&%& %13-58+(&6% 2+1)2% ').#%1 5%3 2/-()'% 5+()&4 ')4#&%2%& '%/%3 %&%/)5)5 2)3)% #&1#2 C3+&,+(&%C 5%3*+/A 5%3*+/ %&%/)5)5 5%3 2/-()'% *+2%1 3+/%(#12%& .%&6%2 $+&)5 /-4%3 '%& 3+&40%5)/2%& /-4%3 2/-()'% '%& 4%5 0)'(-4+& % $#4% .+(+%25) '+&4%&

(4)

5+&6%7% '%5%( 5+3%,%3 2%/5)#3 2%(.-&%1 '%& 1+3.%4% -25)'%! 3+&40%5)/2%&2/-()'%1+(/%(#16%&4'%*%1')%&%/)5%<)2)*+')%!" /-()&%1%#2/-()'%.+(%5%/'%().%0%5%D#&%&)Ea _{F!6%&4.+(%(1)} 0)$%#*#,%1!%'%/%0#&5#(2)3)%'+&4%&&-3-(%1-3G'+&4%&5)3.-//%5 2/-(.+(7%(&%2#&)&42+0)$%#%&88+&')!"> +.%&6%2%& 2/-()'% /%(#1 '%/%3 %)(! 5+*+(1) +(2#()#3 /-()'%! 4"/"!+(%2/-()'%! 4/!)3.%//-()'%!./"6%&4)&)/%(#15%&4%1 5+')2)1 '%/%3 %)( ')&4)&! 1+1%*) 3#'%0 /%(#1 '%/%3 %)( 3+&')')0! 5+'%&42%& 1+3.%4%2/-()'%!#/!.)53#1-25)2/-()'%!)/!51).)#3-25)2/-()'%! ./! '%& +(2#()#3 -25)2/-()'%! 4"/"! 1%2 /%(#1 '%/%3 %)( &1#2 3+3*+/%$%() (+%25)A(+%25) )&)! *%2%)/%0 /%(#1%& &%1()#3 2/-()'%! %/! !D#(3%&!"

-&5+&1(%5) 2/-()'% '%/%3 %)( '%*%1 3+&)&42%1 '+&4%& 1).%A1).% 2%(+&% %'%&6% 2-&1%2 '+&4%& %)( .+2%5 /-()'% 3+&,%*%) %)( %/%3 '+&4%& .%&6%2 ,%(% +3%3*#%& 3+/%(#12%& *%'% %)( %'%/%0 #&1#23+/%(#12%& 2/-()'% '%() 0#3#5 '%& /%*)5%&A/%*)5%& 6%&4 /+.)0 '%/%3 +(,)2%& '%() /%#1 1+(.%7%2+*+'%/%3%&')3%&%3+(+2%$%1#0#1()5&-!"H

-1-(%& 3%&#5)% 20#5#5&6% #()&! 3+&4%&'#&4 2/-()'% '%/%3 $#3/%0 6%&4 2)(%A2)(%5%3% '+&4%& 2/-()'% 6%&4 ')2-&5#35) /+7%1 3%2%&%& '%& %)( #3/%0)&)2)(%A2)(%H4(2/-()'%*+(-(%&4%&*+(0%()'%&3+&%3.%0$#3/%0/ '%/%3 %)( .+2%5 2)(%A2)(% 34I/ ') %1%5 2-&5+&1(%5) '%/%3 %)( 6%&4 3+3.%7%&6%! ') 5%3*)&4 )1# .%&6%2 %)( .#%&4%& '%() )&'#51() 6%&4 3+&4%&'#&42/-()'%'%/%3$#3/%06%&4,#2#*.+5%(#1()5&-!"H

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

(5)

%'%( 2/-()'% 6%&4 1)&44)! 3)5%/&6% %)( /%#1! 6%&4 '))2#1) -/+0 2%'%( 2%/5)#3 '%& 3%4&+5)#3 6%&4 $#4%1)&44) '%*%1 3+&)&42%12%& 2-(-5)8)1%5%)( +(%)(%& 6%&4 '+3)2)%& 3#'%0 3+&4%2).%12%& 1+($%')&6% *+&42%(%1%& *+(%/%1%&6%&41+(.#%1'%()/-4%388+&')!">

/-()'% 1)'%2 .+(5)8%1 1-25)2 .%4) 3%20/#2 0)'#*! .%02%& .+(*+(%& '%/%3 *+&4%1#(%& 1+2%&%& -53-1)2 5+/ +(%)(%& 6%&4 ')*+(#&1#22%& .%4) 2+*+(/#%& '-3+51)2! 1+(3%5#2 %)( 3)&#3! *+(1%&)%& '%& )&'#51()! 5+.%)2&6% 3+3)/)2)2%'%(2/-()'%/+.)02+,)/'%()"34I/1&=)(-&3+&1%/!"

/-(3+(#*%2%&5%/%05%1#?%1'+5)&8+21%&6%&45+()&4')4#&%2%&'%/%3 *+&4-/%0%& %)( 3)&#3 %1 2)3)% /%)& 6%&4 '%*%1 ')4#&%2%& 5+.%4%) '+5)&8+21%& %'%/%0 -?-& >! 2/-(')-25)'%&! '%& 5+.%4%)&6% '#% 8%21-( *+&1)&4 6%&4 3+3*+&4%(#0) *(-5+5 '+5)&8+21%& %'%/%0 7%21# .+(+%25) '%& 2-&5+&1(%5)?%1'+5)&8+21%&&=)(-&3+&1%/!"

/-()& 5+()&4 ')4#&%2%& 5+.%4%) '+5)&8+25) #&1#2 3+&40)/%&42%& 3)2(--(4%&)53+6%&41)'%2').#1#02%&!1+(#1%3%.%4)%)(6%&4')*+(#&1#22%& .%4) 2+*+&1)&4%& '-3+51)2! %)( 3)&#3 '%& 2-/%3 (+&%&4 #4% ')4#&%2%& 5+,%(% 3+/#%5 ') '%/%3 *+3.#%1%& 2+(1%5! %&1)5+*1)2! .%0%& *+7%(&%! 3%2%&%&! (%,#& 5+(%&44%! ,%1 /#2)5! *(-'#2A*(-'#2 *+1(-/+#3! */%51)2! -.%1A -.%1%&!1+251)/!*+/%(#1'%&*(-'#2A*(-'#2.+(4#&%/%)&&6%#1()5&-!"H

(-5+5 *+&%3.%0%& 2/-( ')2+&%/ '+&4%& )51)/%0 2/-()&%5) /-()& 6%&4 ')4#&%2%&5+.%4%)'+5)&8+21%&%'%/%04%52/-(6%&4.+(#*%3-/+2#/2/-(/" %1%# 2%/5)#3 0)*-2/-()1 %/" %3#& *+&%3.%0%& 2/-( 2#(%&4 1+*%1 2%(+&%%2%&3+&)3.#/2%&.%#'%&(%5%*%'%%)(88+&')!">

/-( .+(%5%/ '%() 4%5 /"! %/! %/" %1%# /%(#1%& 2%*-()1 %1%# /%(#1%& /%5%3 0)*-2/-()1%/%3 2-&5+&1(%5) 6%&4 7%$%(! 2/-()'%1)'%2 %2%& 3+3.%0%6%2%& .%4) 3%&#5)% %5% %5)& 1+(0%'%* %)( 3+(#*%2%& *+&4%(#0 '%() 2/-()'% '%/%3 $#3/%0 2-&5+&1(%5) 5+.+5%( " 34I/1 /+0 2%(+&% )1#! *+&44#&%%& 2/-()'% ').%1%5) #&1#2 2+.#1#0%& 3%&#5)% %1%5 3%25)3%/ *+3%2%)%& %1%#*+&42-&5#35)%& 2/-()'%#&1#2 2+.#1#0%& 3%&#5)% %'%/%00%&6%5%3*%)"34I/12%&'#&4%&2/-()'%'%/%3%)(#1()5&-!"H

%5 2/-()& /"! 1)'%2 3+&$%') *+&6+.%. *-/#5) #'%(% *%'% %(+%/ /#%5! 1+1%*) $)2% ,% 3*#(%&&6% 0%&6% 3+&6+.%( *%'% 7)/%6%0 6%&4 2+,)/ %2%&

(6)

3+&$%') *-/#1%& 6%&4 5%&4%1 .+(.%0%6% %5 2/-()& 3+(#*%2%& (%,#& 4%5 *+(1%3%!6%&4*+(1%3%2%/)')2+3.%&42%&*%'%5%%1*+(%&4'#&)%%'%5%%1 )1#! 4%5 2/-()& .%&6%2 ')4#&%2%& *%'% *+&4-/%0%& %)('%& 5+.%4%) *+3#1)0 #1()5&-!"H

&1#2 3+&+&1#2%& %1%# 3+&4#2#( $#3/%0 2%'%( 2/-()'% '%/%3 %)(! '%*%1')4#&%2%&3+1-'+)&)

Y +1-'++(2#())1(%13+1-'+4>

+&+&1#2%& .%&6%2 5+')2)1&6% 2%&'#&4%& 2/-()'% '+&4%& *+(.%&')&4%& 3+1-'+ -0( %'% 3+1-'+ )&)! %'%/%0 )&')2%1-( 6%&4 ')4#&%2%& #&1#2 3+&#&$#22%& %'%&6% 2+/+.)0%&)-&4";

4";;"/A@4/"K"!HLA&=)(-&3+&1%/!" "Y +1-'+-0(

+1-'+ )&) 3+(#*%2%& 3+1-'+ 6%&4 '%*%1 3+&40%5)/2%& 0%5)/ 6%&4 /+.)0 3+3#%52%& '%() *%'% 3+1-'+ 4> +1-'+ -0( )&) 3+&44#&%2%& 4> 5+.%4%) ?%1 *+&1)1(%5) '%& 3+&4%&$#(2%& 3+&44#&%2%& 3+1-'+ 51%&'%( %/%3 *(-5+5 1)1(%5) )-& 2/-()'% %2%& 1+(.+&1#22/-()'%'+&4%&/%*)5%&+&'%*%&*#1)0*+(%2

4;;/A@ 4/5*K>LA&=)(-&3+&1%/!"

&')2%1-( 6%&4 .)%5% ')4#&%2%& #&1#23+&+&1#2%& %'%&6% )-& 4; %'%/%0 &')2%1-( )&) %2%& 3+&4#.%0 7%(&% *+(%2 *#1)0*+(%23+&$%')+&'%*%&3+(%0.%1%

" 4;;(M"A@ 4"(M5*KL"A&=)(-&3+&1%/!"

III.YALAT DAN BAHAN Y /%1

/%1A%/%16%&4')4#&%2%&*%'%*+(,-.%%&)&)%'%/%04+/%5#2#(!*)*+11+1+5! 4+/%5.+2+(!.#(+1'%&/%.#+(/+&3+6+(

Y%0%&

%0%&A.%0%& 6%&4 ')4#&%2%& *%'% *+(,-.%%& )&) %'%/%0 4> I>>M! %/!"("MB!>'%&5%3*+/%)(5#&4%)%(1%*#(%

(7)

IV.YPROSEDUR KERJA Y1%&'%()5%5)c%(#1%& 4> Y +&4%3.)/3/%/! "Y +&%3.%02%&>1+1+5>*+2%1 >Y +&%3.%02%&>1+1+5"("M MY +&1)1(%5)'+&4%& 4>5%3*%)1+('%*%1+&'%*%&*#1)0'%&3+&,%1%1 .%&6%2&6%/%(#1%& 4>6%&4')4#&%2%& Y+&4#2#(%&%3*+/ Y +&4%3.)/"3/5%3*+/%)(5#&4%)%(1%*#(% "Y +&%3.%02%&>1+1+5> >Y +&%3.%02%&M1+1+5"("M MY +&1)1(%5)'+&4%& 4>5%3*%)/%(#1%&.+(#.%07%(&%'%&3+&,%1%1 .%&6%2&6%/%(#1%& 4>6%&4')4#&%2%&

V.YHASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN A.YHasil

1.Y Hasil Pengamatan

a.Y Standarisasi Larutan AgNO3

%.+/%5)/*+&4%3%1%&51%&'%()5%5)/%(#1%& 4>

No. Percobaan Pengamatan

" > M 3//%(#1%&%/!')%3.)/ )1%3.%02%&>1+1+5>*+2%1 )1%3.%02%&>1+1+5"("M )1)1(%5) '+&4%& 4>'%& '),%1%1 /%(#1%& 4>6%&4')4#&%2%& <%(&% K .+&)&4 2+2#&)&4%& %7%/K!>3/ %20)(K!3/ 4>K!"3/ <%(&% K .+&)&4 2+2#&)&4%& '%& 1+('%*%1+&'%*%&*#1)0

(8)

b.Y Pengukuran Sampel

%.+/"%5)/*+&4%3%1%&'%()*+&4#2#(%&5%3*+/

No. Percobaan Pengamatan

" > M " 3/ 5%3*+/ 5#&4%) 3%(1%*#(% ')%3.)/ )1%3.%02%&>1+1+5> )1%3.%02%&M1+1+5"("M )1)1(%5) '+&4%& 4>'%& '),%1%1 /%(#1%& 4>6%&4')4#&%2%& <%(&%K2#&)&42+(#0 %7%/K!3/ %20)(KH!3/ 4>KHG!>3/ <%(&%K2#&)&4*#,%1 2. Perhitungan

a. Standarisasi Larutan AgNO3

)2+1%0#) -/#3+/%(#1%&%/ K3/ -(3%/)1%5%/ K! -/#3+/%(#1%& 4> K!"3/ &+2)=%/+& 4> K+2I3-/ )1%&6% -(3%/)1%5 4>NO -/%()1%5 4>NO %21-(+1+/)1)%&NO %7%. -(3%/)1%5 4>K± ± K

KP+2Ic -/%()1%5 4>K !

(9)

K 6"#$% "#$&

K3-/IcP

%21-(+1+/)1)%& 4>K ± ± K

K b. Pengukuran Sampel )2+1%0#) -/#3+5%3*+/%)(K"3/ -/#3+/%(#1%& 4>KHG!>3/ %21-(2+1+/)1)%&K )1%&6% -&5+&1(%5)/-()'%NO %7%. -&5+&1(%5)/-()'% K '()*+, -. /01*23456748589:5:3;* -6<6*0=>= K *?@A0B9 . /0C*=/* -6_<6*0=>= K=/*@A*=/*D KHG34I/ B.YPembahasan

1.Y Standarisasi Larutan AgNO3

%/%3 3+/%2#2%& 51%&'%()5%5) /%(#1%& 4> ')4#&%2%& /%(#1%& 51%&'%( %/ ! '+&4%& 3+&+1+52%& > 5+.%&6%2 > 1+1+5 '%& 3+&44#&%2%&)&')2%1-("("M5+.%&6%2>1+1+52+'%/%3/%(#1%&51%&'%( 1+(5+.#1! 5+0)&44% /%(#1%& .+(#.%0 7%(&% 3+&$%') .+&)&4 2+2#&)&4%& +/%&$#1&6% ')/%2#2%& 1)1(%5) 3+&44#&%2%& /%(#1%& 4>! 0)&44% 3+&'%*%12%&+&'%*%&.+(7%(&%*#1)0c%(#1%& 4>)&).+(8#&45)#&1#2 3+3*+(,+*%1 1+($%')&6% +&'%*%& *%'% /%(#1%& 1+(5+.#1 %1%# '%*%1 ')2%1%2%& 5+.%4%) 5#%1# *+(+%25) #&1#2 3+3.+&1#2 5#%1# +&'%*%& %() 0%5)/ 1)1(%5) ') '%*%12%& '%1% *+&4#2#(%& .%07% 5+.%&6%2 !" 3/ /%(#1%&

4>1+/%03+&4#.%0/%(#1%&%/'%&)&')2%1-(3+&$%')7%(&%.+&)&4 2+2#&)&4%& '%& %'%&6% +&'%*%& .+(7%(&% *#1)0 +.+(%'%%& +&'%*%&

(10)

1+(5+.#1 1+/%0 3+&%&'%2%& .%07% 51%&'%()5%5) /%(#1%& 4>.+($%/%& '+&4%&.%)2+0%(#5&6%*(-5+51)1(%5)0%(#5')/%25%&%2%&5+.%&6%2"2%/)! &%3#& 2%(+&%%'%&6% 2+1+(.%1%5%& .%0%& 5+(1% 7%21#! 3%2%1)1(%5) 0%&6% ')/%25%&%2%&5+.%&6%22%/)5%$%

-/#3+1)1(%5)')2+1%0#)'%()/%(#1%& 4>6%)1#5+.%&6%2!"3/! 3%2% '%*%1 ')0)1#&4 .%07% &-(3%/)1%5 4> 6%&4 ') '%*%1 '%() 0%5)/ *+(0)1#&4%& %'%/%0 %3#& &-(3%/)1%5 5%$% 1)'%2 ,#2#* 5+0)&44% 0%(#5*#/%'),%()&)/%)3-/%()1%5&6%!')3%&%'+&4%&3+&44#&%2%&(#3#5 K&!')2+1%0#).%07%&)/%)3-/%()1%5 4>$#4%5+.+5%(!2%(+&% &)/%) +2)=%/+& '%() /%(#1%& 4>%'%/%0 5+.+5%( +2I3-/ '%& 8%21-( 2+1+/)1)%& 4>5+.+5%(

+%25)6%&41+($%')%'%/%05+.%4%).+()2#1

%/; 4>@%>; 4/

4;;/A @ 4/

#&45) 51%&'%()5%5) /%(#1%& 4>%'%/%0 %4%( /%(#1%& 4> '%*%1 3+3*+(,+*%1 (+%25) '+&4%& .%)2 5+0)&44% '%*%1 3+3.+&1#2 +&'%*%& *%'% *+&4#2#(%& 5%3*+/ %)( 5#&4%) 3%(1%*#(% 6%&4 %2%& ')/%2#2%&

2.Y Pengukuran Sampel Air

%/%3 *+&4#2#(%& 2-&5+&1(%5) 2/-()'%! 5%3*+/ 6%&4 ')4#&%2%& %'%/%0 %)( 5#&4%) 3%(1%*#(%! ')3%&% #&1#2 *+&4#2#(%& 2%'%( 2/-()'% ')/%2#2%& '+&4%& 3+&+1+52%& > 5+.%&6%2 > 1+1+5 '%& 3+&44#&%2%& )&')2%1-("("M5+.%&6%2M1+1+52+'%/%3"3/5%3*+/%)(+3#')%& ')1)1(%5) 3+&44#&%2%& /%(#1%& 4>! 0)&44% 1+($%') *+(#.%0%& 7%(&% %() 0%5)/ 1)1(%5) ') '%*%12%& '%1% *+&4#2#(%& .%07% 5+.%&6%2 HG!> 3/ /%(#1%& 4>1+/%03+&4#.%0/%(#1%&%/'%&)&')2%1-(3+&$%')7%(&% 2#&)&4 *#,%1 6%&4 3%&% %7%/&6% .+(7%(&% 2#&)&4 2+(#0 )2% ')/)0%1 .%&6%2&6%$#3/%0 /%(#1%& 4> 6%&4 ')4#&%2%&! 3%2%5#'%0 $+/%5$)2% 2%'%( 2/-()'% '%/%3 5%3*+/%)(5#&4%) 3%(1%*#(%5%&4%15+')2)1!5+0)&44% 1)'%2'%*%1')'+1+25)-/+0/%(#1%& 4>

%3#& $)2% ')/)0%1 '%() 0%5)/ *+(0)1#&4%& *+&4#2#(%& 5%3*+/! ')'%*%1 '%1% 6%&4 5%&4%1 1)&44) 6%)1# HG 34I/! 1+&1#&6% )&) 5%&4%1

(11)

.+(1-/%2 .+/%2%&4 '%() 0%5)/ *+&4%3%1%& 6%&4 ')/%2#2%& ') /%.-(%1-()#3! %1%# 2+3#&42)&%& .+5%( %'%&6% 2+5%/%0%& *(%21)2%& '%/%3 *+&4#2#(%& 5+0)&44% '%1% 6%&4 ')'%*%1 1)'%2 ')2%1%2%& '%1% 6%&4 %2#(%1 %(+&% 1)&44)&6% 2%'%( 2/-()'% '%/%3 5%3*+/ '%() 0%5)/ *+(0)1#&4%&! 3%2% '%*%1 ')5)3*#/2%& .%07% %)( 5#&4%) 3%(1%*#(% 1+/%0 1+(,+3%( 2/-()'% 6%&4 5%&4%1*%(%0!0%/)&) 3#&42)&5%$%5%&4%1.+(%2%)1%&+(%1'+&4%&%21)=)1%5 *+&'#'#2 ') .%&1%(%& 5#&4%) 3%(1%*#(% 6%&4 3+/%2#2%& %21)=)1%5 (#3%0 1%&44% 5+*+(1) 3+&,#,)! .#%&4 %)( .+5%(! 3%&') 5+(1% 3+3.#%&4 5%3*%0 .%)2 -(4%&)2 3%#*#& &-&A-(4%&)2! 5+0)&44% 3+&)&42%12%& 2%'%( 2/-()'% '%/%3%)(1+(5+.#1+('%5%(2%&0%5)/1+/%%0*#51%2%'%().+.+(%*%5#3.+( 5+*+(1)+*+&2+5-GIIII""3+&6%1%2%&.%07% 2%'%( 2/-()'% 3%25)3%/ 6%&4 ')*+(.-/+02%& *%'% %)( 3)&#3 6%)1# " 34I/

+0)&44% 5#'%0 $+/%5 .%07% %)( 5#&4%) 3%(1%*#(% 1)'%2 /%6%2 ')4#&%2%& 5+.%4%) .%0%& .%2# %)( 3)&#3! 2%(+&% '%*%1 3+&44%&4# 2+5+0%1%&3%&#5)%)1#5+&')()

VI.YKESIMPULAN

+5)3*#/%&'%()*+(,-.%%&)&)%'%/%0

+(,-.%%&2/-()'%)&)3+&44#&%2%&5%3*+/%)(5#&4%)3%(1%*#(%

" )/%) &-(3%/)1%5 *+&4#2#(%& 51%&'%()5%5) 4> 6%&4 ')4#&%2%& *%'% *+(,-.%%& )&) %'%/%0 '%& &)/%) 3-(%/)1%5&6% $#4% 5%3% 6%)1# ! 5+'%&42%&8%21-(2+1+/)1)%&&6%5+.+5%( > %'%*(-5+551%&'%()5%5) 4>')'%*%12%&+&'%*%&*#1)0'+&4%&=-/#3+ 1)1(%5)5+.+5%(!"3/ M %&'#&4%&2%'%(2/-()'%*%'%5%3*+/5%&4%11)&44)6%)1#HG34I/ +0)&44%%)(5#&4%)3%(1%*#(%5%&4%11)'%2/%6%2$)2%')$%')2%&5+.%4%)%)( 3)&#3!$)2%')/)0%1'%()2%'%(2/-()'% 3%25)3%/6%&4')*+(.-/+02%&*%'% %)(3)&#36%)1#"34I/

(12)

DAFTAR PUSTAKA 88+&')! +8&) ">_? º%&)5)#5!D-46%2%(1% &=)(-&3+&1%/" º 011*II+&=)(-&3+&1%/A#%./-45*-1,-3I"IMI%5)')1%5A'%&%/2%/)&)1%5013/ )%25+51%&44%/-=+3.+(" #1()5&-!-1-2"H_?º %2%(1% D#(3%&" 011*II#7)16%&46-6-7-('*(+55,-3I"IMI"I*+&4%(#0A2%'%(A2/-()'%A *%'%A%)(A5#3#(A4%/)I )%25+51%&44%/"-=+3.+(" <)2)*+')%" 011*II)'7)2)*+')%-(4I7)2)I/-()'% )%25+51%&44%/"-=+3.+("

(13)

D

Y +/%52%& 3+&4%*% *+&44#&%%& 2/-()& 6%&4 3+/+.)0) .%2# 3#1# .+(.%0%6% .%4)2+5+0%1%&O

"Y +/%52%&%*%%/%5%&2/-()&5%&4%1.%&6%2')4#&%2%&5+.%4%)'+5)&8+21%&O <

Y +&%3.%0%&2/-()&2#(%&41+*%12%(+&%%2%&3+&)3.#/2%&.%#'%&(%5%*%'% %)( %5% %5)& 1+(0%'%* %)( 3+(#*%2%& *+&4%(#0 '%() 2/-()'% '%/%3 $#3/%0 2-&5+&1(%5) 5+.+5%( " 34I/1 /+0 2%(+&% )1#! *+&44#&%%& 2/-()'% ').%1%5) #&1#2 2+.#1#0%& 3%&#5)% %1%5 3%25)3%/ *+3%2%)%& %1%# *+&42-&5#35)%& 2/-()'%#&1#22+.#1#0%& 3%&#5)%%'%/%00%&6%5%3*%)"34I/12%&'#&4%& 2/-()'%'%/%3%)(

"Y /%5%&2/-()&.%&6%2')4#&%2%&5+.%4%)'+5)&8+21%&%'%/%0

Y %*%1')2+3%5'%/%3.+&1#24%5!/%(#1%&'%&.#.#2

Y +/%1)83#(%0!2%(+&%2+1+(5+')%%&6%')%/%36%&4.+(/)3*%0

Y +3)/)2) '%6% /%(#1 6%&4 1)&44) 5+(1% '%*%1 /%(#1 *%'% 2%'%( 6%&4 1)&44) G34I/

Y +5)'# 2/-()& '%/%3 .+&1#2 /%(#1%& 1)'%2 .+(.%0%6% .%4) 3%&#5)%! $)2% 1)'%21+('%*%1'%/%3$#3/%06%&4.+(/+.)0

Y +(5)8%1 5%&4%1 1-25)2 .%4) 3)2(--(4%&)53+! '+&4%& ,%(% 3+&40%3.%1 %21)=)1%53+1%.-/)53+3)2(--(4%&)53+1+(5+.#1