iv ABSTRAK
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) adalah virus yang awalnya menyerang sistem kekebalan tubuh manusia, menyebabkan penyakit Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Pandemi HIV/AIDS di dunia menambah permasalahan TB. Ko-infeksi dengan HIV akan meningkatkan risiko kejadian TB secara signifikan. Di samping itu TB merupakan penyebab utama kematian pada ODHA (sekitar 40-50%) . Untuk mengetahui karakteristik penderita HIV/AIDS dengan Infeksi Oportunistik (IO) tuberkulosis (TB), dilakukan penelitian di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat H. Adam Malik Medan.
Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan desain case series. Populasi dan sampel penelitian berjumlah 150 orang pada tahun 2013-2015 yang tercatat di rekam medis rumah sakit. Data univariat dianalisis secara deskriptif sedangkan data bivariat dianalisis denganchi-squaredan Kolmogorov-Smirnov.
Proporsi berdasarkan sosiodemografi tertinggi pada umur 30-39 tahun tahun 53,3%, laki-laki 74,7%, SMA/Sederajat 64,0%, wiraswasta 14,0%, menikah 46,0%, dan bertempat tinggal di luar kota Medan 62,7%. Proporsi berdasarkan jenis TB terbesar pada TB paru 65,3%, berdasarkan jumlah CD4 terbesar <200 sel/mL 72,7%, berdasarkan stadium HIV terbesar pada stadium 3 66,0%, dan berdasarkan tahap pengobatan terbesar pada fase lanjutan 48,7%. Tidak ada perbedaan proporsi jumlah CD4 berdasarkan jenis TB (p=0,922). Ada perbedaan proporsi jenis TB berdasarkan stadium HIV (p=0,001).
Penderita HIV/AIDS diharapkan untuk melakukan pemeriksaan sputum dan fototoraks sehingga jika ditemukan bakteri M.Tuberculosis dapat diatasi secepat mungkin. Bagi pihak rekam medis RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan untuk membuat rekam medis lebih spesifik dan rapi sehingga peneliti dapat menggunakannya danfollow uppasien lebih baik.
Kata Kunci: Karakteristik penderita, HIV/AIDS, TB, Koinfeksi HIV-TB
v
ABSTRACT
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that initially attacks the human immune system, causing the disease Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV / AIDS pandemic in the world increase the problem of TB. Co-infection with HIV increases the risk of TB incidence significantly. In addition, TB is the leading cause of death in people living with HIV (approximately 40-50%). To determine the characteristics of people with HIV / AIDS with Opportunistic Infections (OI) tuberculosis (TB), conducted research in Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat H. Adam Malik.
This study is descriptive study with case series design. Population and research sample was 150 people in 2013-2015 were recorded in the medical records hospital. Univariate data were analyzed descriptively while bivariate data were analyzed by chi-square and Kolmogorov-Smirnov
Sociodemographic highest proportion based on the age of 30-39 years 53.3%, men 74.7%, SMA / equal 64.0%, 14.0% self-employed, 46.0% married 46,0 % and residing outside the city Medan 62.7%. The proportion by type of TB pulmonary TB 65.3%, based on the largest number of CD4 <200 cells / mL 72.7%, based on the stage of HIV largest at stage 3 66.0%, and based on the biggest stage in the continuation phase of treatment 48.7%. There was no significant difference between the number of CD4 with strains of TB (p = 0.922). There was a significant difference between the type of TB with HIV stage (p = 0.001).
People with HIV / AIDS are expected to conduct sputum examination and fototoraks so if bacteria M. tuberculosis can be resolved as quickly as possible. For the medical records department of Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat H.Adam Malik for making medical records more specific and neat so that researchers can use and follow-up of patients better.
Keywords: Characteristics of patients, HIV / AIDS, TB, HIV-TB coinfection
