Group japan report m irvan

INDIVIDUAL REPORT

THE INTERNATIONAL JOINT SEMINAR &

VISIT TO CLEAN AUTHORITY OF TOKYO

(Shin-Koto Incineration Plant)

TOKYO METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT

Humanizing Collaboration between Indonesia & Japan

Written By:

Muhammad Irvan Widya

Student ID. (120820160011)

Master of Management Program

Faculty of Economics and Business

Padjadjaran University

15 – 19 May 2017

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1. MARKETING ANALYSIS REPORT

Tsukiji Fish Market

Tsukiji Market is a large wholesale market for fish, fruits and vegetables in central Tokyo. It is the most famous of over ten wholesale markets that handle the distribution of food and flowers in Tokyo. Tsukiji Market is best known as one of the world's largest fish markets, handling over 2,000 tons of marine products per day. Tsukiji Market consists of an inner market where most of the wholesale business and the famous tuna auctions are taking place, and an outer market whose retail shops and restaurants cater to the public. A few restaurants are also found in the inner market.1

Tsukiji Fish Market

Political

The Tokyo Metropolitan Government arranges an extra spending measure of around ¥9 billion ($79.43 million) to compensate businesses for losses stemming from the postponed relocation of the Tsukiji Fish Market. More spending may also be necessary in coming years because it remains unclear when the market will move to its new site in the Toyosu area, given the recent discovery of high-level toxins in the groundwater there. Fish, fruit and vegetable businesses that prepared to move to Toyosu have collectively invested about ¥30 billion in new equipment and other items.2

Economic

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Tsukiji Outer Market

Social

One of the Tsukiji Fish Market’s main activities is auction. Tsukiji Market consists of an inner market where most of the wholesale business and the famous tuna auctions are taking place. The auctions start around 5:20 a.m. Bids can only be made by licensed participants. These bidders include intermediate wholesalers who operate stalls in the marketplace and other licensed buyers who are agents for restaurants, food processing companies, and large retailers. The auctions usually end around 10:00 a.m. The interaction between the seller and bidder in the auction process, made the social aspect in Tsukiji Fish Market more intense.

Technology

Like other traditional market, Tsukiji Fish Market’s layout is not-much-different. The wholesale area consists of hundreds of small stands in a large, crowded hall, where buyers and sellers hurry along narrow lanes with their carts and trucks. The sight of the many kinds of fresh seafood and the busy atmosphere of scooters, trucks, sellers and buyers hurrying around. The auction process is also carried out traditionally. The sellers rings the bell, as a sign of the auction has started. And the buyer raises his hands, to make a bid.

Legal

Tsukiji operates under authorization from national legislation and under supervision of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), but is directly regulated and administered by a local government, in this case the Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TMG).

a. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), supervises Central Wholesale Markets throughout the country, licenses fishing and some distribution activities, and authorizes municipal authorities to operate local Central Wholesale Markets.

b. Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TMG), owns and maintains the marketplace's facilities, licenses

some businesses within the marketplace, and provides overall regulatory supervision of the marketplace.3

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Tsukiji Inner Market

Environmental

Tokyo Governor, Yuriko Koike has reportedly decided to postpone the planned November 2016 relocation of the famed Tsukiji fish market amid ongoing concerns over soil contamination at the new Toyosu site. The pollution problem emerged in 2001 when Tokyo Gas Co., which operated a gas plant at the site from 1956 to 1988, revealed that the soil contained high levels of toxic chemicals such as lead, arsenic, hexavalent chromium, cyanogen and benzene. The Tokyo Metropolitan Government has claimed the new site won’t pose any health problems either for Tsukiji workers or fish consumers. The metropolitan government has removed surface soil to 2 meters in depth at Toyosu and replaced it

with new soil. It also plans to keep monitoring the groundwater for contaminants.4

Recommendation

Indonesia, especially in Muara Angke, Jakarta also has the fish market that one of its main activities is fish auction. Indonesian Government, especially Jakarta Province Government should learn from Japan in managing Tsukiji Fish Market. Restructurising, modernization, and renovation of the traditional market is a must to do. With good management, traditional market can become the worldwide fish market that can bring tourists from all over the world

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2. CROSS-CULTURAL ANALYSIS REPORT

Education System in Japan

The Japanese education system set up right after World War II has remained more or less the same ever since. Subsequently, the Law on the Establishment of National Schools was implemented in 1949 as a new framework for national universities. The system for colleges of technology was established in 1962 to provide a unified 5-year period of education for lower secondary school graduates in response to increased need for diverse human resources brought by industrial economic development. In 1964, 2 or 3-year junior college programs which had been temporarily established in 1950 were provided as a permanent system under the School Education Law. The early 1960s saw the introduction of colleges of technology, see Higher professional education, with the 1990s marking the introduction of unified secondary education schools. The system was influenced by both the German education system (faculties) and the US system (broad general education at the higher education institutions). In the 60s and 70s the number of higher education institutions increased considerably, showing a strong growth of the private sector (junior colleges). Since the 1980s, Japan has focused on internationalising its higher education. International students studying in Japan were formerly required to complete a Japanese language test, as all education was provided exclusively in Japanese. This situation is currently changing, with a gradually increasing number of study programmes being offered in English, due to the recent internationalisation strategies at both government and university

levels.5

Takushoku University

Currently, Japan has become a country which has big influences in the world, especially in Asia. One of the influences is about its the educational system. Japan’s educational system is well-known as one of the best in the world. The reason of this, because Japan is the only country that successfully achieved modernization without losing its identity. There are several characteristics of Japanese society that resulted from Japan’s educational system: high level of average performance; good planning and execution; high level of adherence to norms and rules; and good at working in groups. The essence of Japanese culture is considered capable of strengthening the application of its educational value as they have been understood for a long time by Japanese people. The Japanese people managed to defend their culture in a very good way, but uniquely it is still modern. Japan is unique in culture. Religion does not seem important in Japan, but religious values are practiced well. Japan prioritizes harmony in relations among humans.

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Recommendations

There are many valuable lessons that could be learned from Japanese characteristics to be applied in Indonesia, such as the culture of hygiene, honesty, modesty, teamwork, independence, responsibility, discipline, and reading culture. One of the ways that the Indonesian Government can fix its education system, is by inducting the “Manners” subject that teaches honesty, modesty, teamwork, independence, responsibility, discipline, and reading culture, like the values that held by Japanese in each of their activities. With these values are implemented in early education, then a better Indonesia society will be achieved, that will hold an important role in Indonesia's development in the future.

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3. COMPANY VISIT ANALYSIS REPORT

In our trip to Japan, we visited the Shin-Koto Incineration Plant too. The Shin-Koto Incineration Plant is Tokyo’s waste management.

Company visit to Shin-Koto Incineration Plant

In this place, waste from entire Tokyo will be managed and turned into beneficial things, such as water bottle, clothes, and other things. Influence exerted on the environment by human activities has become one of the global issues. Waste disposal is part of such an issue. In order to bring a solution to the issue, it is important to reduce waste as little as possible and promote the recycling of waste as a resource. Waste is, nonetheless, produced, which must be processed in an adequate manner.

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The Shin-Koto Incineration Plant’s Maket

1.1. Overview of The Clean Authority of Tokyo

The 23 cities and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government had discussed for many years their respectives roles and institutional frameworks from viewpoints such as stronger autonomy of the 23 cities and the promotion of mega-city administration by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government on an extensive scale.

One result of these discussions was that, on April, 2000, the duties of municipal waste management were transferred to the 23 cities. At that time, it was decided that each of the 23 cities would independently manage its own waste collection and transfer, while management of intermediate treatment (incineration, pulverization, etc.) was determined to be handed jointly. This was due to the presence of some cities that had no incineration plant within their cities, and for the purposes of optimizing treatment efficiency.

The Clean Authority of Tokyo is a special purpose municipal body established by the consensus of the 23 cities, based on the Local Authority Act, in order to deal with this joint waste management.

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1.2. Collections/Transfers of Waste and Resources

1.2.1. Collection

Each city sets collection days and areas depending on the type of waste, and conducts efficient operations drafting operation plans that correspond to seasonal changes and regional trends in waste amount. Waste processing in the 23 cities is free of charge for thousand waste (excluding disposal of waste exceeding 10 kg per day), while large-sized waste and business-generated waste are charged.

Waste collection from 23 cities in Tokyo

1.2.2. Transfer

Combustible Waste

Combustible waste is loaded onto collection vehicles (such as compaction type vehicle) on collection sites, from which it is directly transferred to an incineration plant.

Incombustible Waste

Incombustible waste is transferred to either the Chubo Incombustible Waste Processing Center or the Keihinjima Island Incombustible Waste Processing Center. Since both are located on the waterfront, some cities have established land or boat transfer stations, where waste is reloaded onto container vehicles or vessels for relayed transfer. Such relayed transfer contributes to improved transfer efficiency, reduced traffic congestion, and alleviation of air pollution due to exhaust.

Large-Sized Waste

Large-sized waste is delivered to the Large-Sized Waste Pulverization Processing Facility. Cities that have a transfer station conduct relayed transfer by reloading it from smaller collection vehicles onto large vehicles. Such relayed transfer contributes to improved transfer efficiency, reduced traffic congestion, and alleviation of air pollution due to exhaust.

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Combustible waste is incinerated at 19 incineration plants in a safe, stable, and efficient manner. Incineration prevents bacteria, vermin, and foul odor, and maintains a sanitary environment. By incinerating waste, its volume is reduced to approximately one-twentieth. By recycling a part of bottom ash into cement materials, and by melting it into slag, the amount going to the landfill is further reduced. Emmissions of hazardous substances within exhaust and wastewater from the incineration plants is controlled and reduced to lower impact on the environment. In an incineration plant, power generation and heat supply are performed using the heat energy of waste incineration.

Waste processing

1.3.2. Improper Waste Disposal May Cause a Halt or Failure of Incinerators

Combustibles carried into incineration plants sometimes contain waste unsuitable for incineration, such as metals, glass, or oversized waste that exceeds the disposal capacity of the plant. Such improper waste may cause the halt or failure of incinerators, costing a great deal of money and time before recovery. Once the facilities become incapable of accepting waste, waste collection and transfer operations will be interrupted, seriously affecting waste management in all 23 cities. Every year some incineration plants are forced to stop operation due to improper waste. To prevent carry-in of improper waste, and to ensure safe and stable plant operation, inspection of incoming waste is reinforced, and awareness-raising activities are undertaken. Special weeks are also set to enhance the above inspection and to perform close observation at platforms in each incineration plant. Overall regular inspection on incoming waste is also conducted at all incineration plants, in collaboration with the 23 cities.

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When combustible waste is incinerated, bottom ash and fly ash are generated. Bottom ash after removing ash to be melted into slag, as well as fly ash after processed with chemicals, are sent to landfill disposal on the New Sea Surface Disposal Site, which has been established and is managed by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government. Because it is extremely difficult to find new landfill disposal sites in the Tokyo Port, a full-scale initiative has been undertaken to recycle bottom ash into cement materials, for the purpose of reducing the amount of landfill disposal and achieving more efficient use of resources. Through this project in 2015, 5000 tons of bottom ash was used as cement materials. In the initiatives for recycling bottom ash into cement materials, bottom ash that is generated in incineration plants is transferred to private cement factories by freight vehicles/trains, and efficiently used as Portland cement materials. Cement materials include limestone, clay, silica, iron materials, and plaster. Bottom ash is used as a

substitute for clay.

Some stuffs made from recycled waste

1.3.4. Bottom Ash is Melted Into Slag

When bottom ash is melted at a high temperature of over 1.200 ˚C (2,192 ˚F) and then rapidly cooled, it turns into sandy slag. As slag, the volume is almost half that of ash, and approximately one-fortieth of is original state as waste. The process of making slag decomposes dioxins within the ash, and traps heavy metals inside, thereby making it safe and efficient for use as construction material etc.

1.3.5. Environmental Measures to Prevent Exhaust and Wastewater Emmissions

Measure Overview

Measures to

counter exhaust

emissions

Soot and dust Removed by bag filters

Dioxins Generation of dioxins is restricted trough control

of waste incineration process, and their re-composition in prevented by repaid cooling of exhaust in the cooling tower. Dioxins are also removed by bag filters, and decomposed in the catalyst reaction tower using catalyst.

Mercury Removed by adsorption into activated carbo in bag

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sulfur oxides and through a chemical reaction with caustic soda

solution in the gas scrubber.

Nitrogen oxides Decomposed in the catalyst reaction tower

through a reaction with ammonia.

Measures to counter wastewater Wastewater is treated in the wastewater

treatment facilities to meet the standard value, and released into the sewer.

Measures to

counter odor

Waste bunkers Air form inside the waste bunker is sent to the

incinerator, where odor is incinerated and decomposed.

Platforms Entrances/exits are sealed with air curtains, and

deodorizing agents are spread.

Environmental measures for bottom ash and fly ash

Ash is melted and hazardous substances are stabilized using chemicals.

1.3.6. Putting The Heat Energy Generated from Incineration to Beneficial Use

Incineration plants use the heat energy generated from waste incineration beneficially in power generation and in supplying energy. Electricity and hot water produced at plants are used within facilities to operate the plant, thereby reducing electricity purchase and fuel costs. Surplus electricity is sold to power companies.. All of the plant sell electricity, and four plants sell heat as hot water to other facilities. Sales performance in FY 2015 is shown in the table on the right.

1.3.7. Processing Incombustible Waste and Large-Sized Waste

Incombustible waste is pulverized before sent to landfill disposal

Incombustible waste is process at two incombustible waste processing center. The process is divided into pulverization and separation. Incombustible waste is pulverization to reduce its volume, so that an efficient use of landfill sites is made possible. Incombustibles also contain recyclable resources, such as ferrous metals aluminum, which are separated and collected.

Large-sized waste treatment process differs by property of waste

Large-sized waste is separated into combustible large-sized waste, such as wooden furniture, and into incombustible large-sized waste, such as bicycles. The separation work is performed manually at large-size waste transfer stations in each city, or at the receiving yard of the large-sized waste pulverization process facility. Combustible residue after pulverization is incinerated at the incineration plant, while incombustible residue is sent to landfill disposal sites.

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At the Outer Central Breakwater Landfill Disposal Site and New Sea Surface Disposal site, established and management by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government. Residue after treating general waste in the 23 Cities, waste from municipal facilities such as sewage sludge, and industrial waste from small and medium-sized companies in Tokyo are put the landfill disposal.

Landfill disposal site

Combustible waste and combustible part of large-sized waste after pulverization are incinerated. A part of the bottom ash is recycled into cement materials into slag. While the remainder of bottom ash and chemically treated fly ash goes to landfill. Incombustible wasteBV is pulverized, while ferrous metals and aluminum are recovered as resources, before the residue is buried into landfill. Large-sized waste is pulverized, while ferrous metals are recovered as resources, before the incombustible residue is buried into landfill, In addition to waste, materials from dredging the sea rivers as well as fill generated by construction (dirt and sand) are buried in landfill, but are placed separately from waste because their treatment method differs.

Comparison with Waste Management in Jakarta

With all the glitz and glam that surround life in Jakarta, many people do not realize that the city would be rendered dysfunctional if not for the existence of TPST (Tempat Pengelolaan Sampah

Terpadu or Integrated Waste Management Center) Bantar Gebang, a place associated with waste, dirt,

terrible odour, diseases, and vermin. With Jakarta’s waste production rate now stands at a staggering six thousand tons per day, imagine what would happen if Bantar Gebang stops operating, even for just one day.

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per ton of waste. Around 20% of this amount is managed by the city government of Bekasi to develop the area around Bantar Gebang.

In 2008, the government launched a plan to convert the methane gas produced by the waste in Bantar Gebang into electricity. However, Tempo reported last year that the project is making a loss. From the targeted 26 MW of electricity, only 6.6 MW can be produced after six years of operation. These 6.6 MW is valued at IDR 10 billion, much less than the investment of IDR 460 billion that has been procured to obtain the necessary infrastructure.

Fortunately, not all hope is lost for the electricity project. The crux of the problem is that Jakartans don’t sort their trash before piling them in Bantar Gebang. As a result, the mix of organic and non-organic waste produce more dirty water rather than methane gas. According to Renie Elvina Tiurma, leader of a Jakarta-based recycling initiative, the Green Project, around 48% of an average household’s waste is recyclable and a further 40% can be made into compost, but there is simply no awareness among the people to self-manage their trash.

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