STUDI KOMPARASI KOMPOSISI IKAN ANTARA KAWASAN TRANSPLANTASI KARANG DAN KAWASAN TERUMBU
KARANG ALAMI DI PULAU RUBIAH, ACEH
ABSTRAK
Ikan karang merupakan organisme terbanyak dan mencolok yang dapat ditemui di terumbu karang. Transplantasi karang diyakini mampu mengembalikan fungsinya sebagai ekosistem yang dibutuhkan ikan. Sejauh ini, belum ditemukan laporan terkait bagaimana perbandingan komposisi ikan karang di pulau Rubiah, antara kawasan ekosistem terumbu karang alami dan kawasan transplantasi. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus 2014 bertujuan mengetahui perbandingan luas tutupan terumbu karang dan komposisi ikan serta melakukan analisis pengaruh antara kawasan transplantasi karang dengan kawasan terumbu karang alami di pulau Rubiah, Aceh. Metode yang digunakan Purpossive Random Sampling pada 2 stasiun (sisi Barat dan Timur pulau Rubiah) dengan kedalaman 6 meter. Pengamatan terumbu karang dengan metode Transek Garis Menyinggung dan terhadap ikan karang dilakukan Sensus Visual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah ikan yang tersensus adalah 46 spesies dari 17 famili dengan rincian 44 jenis pada kawasan alami dan 22 jenis pada kawasan transplantasi. Penelitian juga menemukan bahwa persentase tutupan karang hidup kawasan alami lebih tinggi yaitu 48,16 % dari kawasan transplantasi 9,86 %. Indeks mortalitas kawasan transplantasi 0,74 dan kawasan alami 0,38. Indeks keanekaragaman ikan kawasan transplantasi sebesar 0,89 dan 2,20 untuk kawasan alami. Indeks keseragaman ikan pada kawasan transplantasi 0,36 dan kawasan alami 0,58. Indeks dominansi ikan kawasan transplantasi sebesar 0,6 dan di kawasan alami 0,29. Koefisien regresi mencapai 0,82945. Kegiatan transplantasi karang di perairan Pulau Rubiah telah gagal dengan luas tutupan yang dikategorikan buruk, namun masih terjadi pengaruh yang kuat pada luasnya tutupan karang hidup terhadap komposisi ikan karang yang ditunjukkan oleh semakin tingginya indeks keanekaragaman ikan baik pada kawasan transplantasi karang maupun pada kawasan terumbu karang alami di perairan Pulau Rubiah.
Kata kunci: Terumbu karang, Ikan, Transplantasi
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON FISH COMPOSITION BETWEEN CORAL TRANSPLANTATION AREA AND NATURAL CORAL
REEF AREA IN RUBIAH ISLAND, ACEH
ABSTRACT
Coral fish is the greatest part of and conspicuous organism found in coral reef. Coral transplantation is believed to be able to return its function as the ecosystem which is needed by fish. So far, there has been no report which is related to the comparison of coral fish composition in Rubiah Island between the ecosystem of natural coral reef area and transplantation area. The research was conducted in August, 2014. The objective of the research was to find out the comparison between the coral reef covering area and fish composition and to analyze the influence of coral transplantation area and natural coral reef area in Rubiah Island. The research used purposive random sampling technique at two stations (the West side and the East side of Rubiah Island) with a depth of six meters.Coral reef monitoring conducted by the line intercept trancect method while for observation of coral reef fish made by visual census method. The result of the research showed that the number of fish which had been taken census was 46 species of 17 families with the specification of 44 types in the natural area and 22 types in the transplantation area. It was also found that the percentage of the life coral covering of the natural area was higher (48.16%) than transplantation area (9.86%). Mortality index of the transplantation area was 0.74 and the natural area was 0.38. Fish variety index in the transplantation area was 0.36 and in the natural area was 0.58. Fish domination index in the transplantation area was 0.6 and in the natural area was 0.29. Coefficient regression reached to 0.829456. The activity of coral transplantation in the territorial waters of Rubiah Island failed, the coral cover area was in bad category, but there was still strong influence of the covering area of life corals on the composition of coral fish which was indicated by the increase in fish variety index, either in coral transplantation area or in the natural coral reef area in the territorial waters of Rubiah Island.
Keywords: Coral Reef, Fish, Transplantation
