Filosofi and Sejarah Perkembangan Libera

! " #

$ " # " % & #

' # ( " & ) ' " ) ) # * ( " # + # )

% " ' " " ' ) # % , # (

) " " # # " # # ) % #

" ' ) $ ) # " " '

' % - # ' ." " + ' #" " #"

# ' # # # "

) / . 01 2 1 3( ) " # # )

% # # " " ' '

# 4 5 ) ( " # "

) # ( # ' ( ' ( ) ( " #" # #

) ' # ) # # (

4 ( " " " $ # # ( ( ) '

# " # * ( " " ) "

6$ 7 # # '

% / + ( " " " ) $ ' )

# # ' + + ) ) " %

) ' #

8 % ) ' # ( # # ( " # # )

%

9 " " " (

& - " " & "

$ , "

-- - " )

- " 6 7 : " (

- ( " ) ) - "

- )

) ' )

- 01 2 1 3( " "

-( " " " " )

" - - " ( "

- - )( ) ( ) ' ) ; " (

" ( " < #

9 ( " " - " # "

: " ( " "

" " " $ "

# "

-# 8 - ( ( - "

! " # $ %

- $ "

" - #

-- " ( $ " 6 7

" $ "

$ " )

- ( - " ==>( )

09.:3 0 ? ;3 " ( - - "

( $ " - 1@ ? => (

- 0A ..3

" " " " (

- " $ " )

-0 3 , "

-( " - 6 7 6 7(

" 6 7 B B / 0BB/3(

1_{$ "}

-)

-$ - "

: " ( " - "

-- ( " ) ) &

" " & - "

-0 3 C " " ( " $

0 " $ 3 " )

( "

-. - ) )( " ) )

"

-- 0 3 " )(

" ( - " - 0 32

" ) C

" ( " " "

' ( 09.:3( 0 </3

! 0D /. C3 ; (

) # ' )(

0 - "3 " - - ; 8 & 01 2

1 3 ; " ) " "

-& % #"' ( ( ') # '* *' # % % * #'+'* "

C ( " 6 - 7

-# - E " " " - (

" 0 - 3 @ ?

" # "

6 7( 6 7( 6 7 8

-- #

@ 0 3 # 6 - 7

0 " #3(

- ) ( "

" ( " ) $ "

- ) " $% " #

& 'F

1 - # " " (

$ -

-$ " - ) "

" ( & )F

2 - # " " "

( ' " " "

$ # $ "

- ) "

& *F (

@ - # ' - 0 - 3 "

( - - $ $ "

- ) " & "

& +

E " " # % *'

"

" ) " - (

" - : " ( " "

-8 - " (

0# " " , $- . 0$ < 33(

0 </3 0 # ( - 0 3

) ) " 3( 0

-0- 3 " 09.:33 "

-" 0A .;3

" / ( . . "

" ==@( $ A .; )

( %'$ " * , # $ ( 0 - " 9.: " >2 (

$ 3>

; " ) " "

-C 9.:( - (

- ! " % #0C; 3(

) # " C " C; " "

"( C; " ( 6G # " # (

0 " . . ! %7HC ( ) #

" ( A .; '

-0 3

(

-" (" " " ( ' ) "

- " - # - "

- " - ( "

-"

-( " - - I , " "

-) - - - (

* ' -*-.'* ') # '* *' # % % * #'+'* "

C - ) ) - " ( )

- ? "

" ( ' " "

-- ( # - " "

E " (

" ; ( "

( - (

-( -

-" ( -

-) " ( - ( ( ( - ( )

: " ( - ( " "

( -

-! % #"' ') # '*(

8 0- 3 " " 6 7J $ "

6 7 9 ( " 6 7 "

!

" ) - , " #

" " " - ) 6 . /1 " . 1 .

" (# 2 . 31 " . " . 1 . " 4" 7=, "

" " " 8 ( %

#

6 . . . . . " .

. 5 6 ( . . . "

. '7. " #0, ( / (# . 8 (( - . 6 1 ( . .

" . . . " # 9" (# . . 1 .# .

. . (# . 0, . 1 ( . ':. " #" .

. #5 .1 . # " . # (

# . . . # $ 5 , . 4"

. . ( (# . , " ; " " . 1 ( .

':. # )<. " . . "

1 " . "( " . . " 5 , . 5 5 . ! " (# 5

!5 ; # ( / .

" (" 5 ,, " . / " % 1

1 . 5 5 ( . ':=< (

1 # % . 5 5 # (

1 " " 4" # / " . 07

9 (

-< 0 3(

D ( - " : " (

-- # " " - "

"

( # " "

' ( - "

" 8 ( " ' "

" " #

" ) - " " ,

D " - )

" "

"

& % ) # / -$- "' % #$ '" % ') # '* *' # % %

- 6 "7

- $ ( " " " "

- "

" ' " "

" : " ( ) )

; " ( "

< " " ( " H J H@J

" . . # > 0 . " . " 3( " #

"

< 2 " " "

#

" " J

- - - . 0 # . 3( " H@J "

- - - " E

) ( " "

1

" . " . " " "

" - " . " " )

"

" " " 6 7 . " C ( "

- ( " "

" " " 2 " - -,$ 0 H21 @3( ) )

( - # C

- 0 H= 3(

" " " - 6 . " 7 " 6 ( " .

" 1 7 " "

" " " @C ( 8 # "

" - " '

; ( -( * -)) * 0 >J> H =3 - ) ) (

" 6. " #

. . # . " . # $ 07

, " " "

" " . 1 . . 1 . . "

( , " " " "

" 0 3 > ) ) " " "

0 - % * "

) ) 3

; " "- . 6 . 8 (( ( - " "

" - " ' (

-= "

-" D - "

- "

. ' #+' - ) ) " " )

) " - "

( # " ' (

" "

) H 1 0 3 - " " C ( C "

" "( " ' ( "

" " " : " (

' " 6 7 "

- " " - )

" " " " (

( ' J ( C - " - "

- " - ) " 65 ( " 303 .

( # / # " 4" 57= (

' $ " C & " &

- - " 6 0 6

6 . " " 7 ; " C

" " C $$( " " ;

-" ;

-1

< , " " = @( #' #', % *" 0 $0 J== ==13(1

" " ' ; "

" " 6G " 4" "

07 , ( " # - ( "

6 . . " . " . " . " . . . . .

" ( # , # ( # 7 , - # " "

) ) "

11

C , " " ' C ( "

-- ' ) <' 6 - 7 6 " 7

" " ( 6 " " " . ( 07 "

6 7 : " ( - ' ' " - "(

- # 6 7 " ' (

" - C

- ( - " ) 12

< 0 #3 B " ) 0 ==13 #

)

-" " ' "1@

' "- #' ( 0 = 1 1 H3( , " " = H(1>

, " "

" #0 ' 3 " " "

" ( (

)

- 1H

? " "

" " ( " ? " "

" 04" # . 3( " "

04" # " 3 ( " " " (

" " " ? "

6 . 0 . 0 . " 29" 35 . 1 4" # . #

. ? " . 5 ( ( . 1 . 1 ( 7 C

-@ 0 3 B / #

; " B /

" B

/ ( "

1

; @2( -#% * 1 # 01 1 =3( " " 6

7 ' C " - - " ; 6 # . $ ( ."

#@ . " @ . ( " . @ .@ . @ 4" 9" @0

#57 C " - "

-#

- " " 1 "

"

-( ' (

0 31J

( - - # " ( - " "

- ) ) "

6C 7 ( "

) " - " "

" (

? ) * ( #'*"-" *( " ' E

- - " "

" - 0 ( 3 )

6 . " 7 ( " "

- "

" "

" " 6 " . 1 ( "

. . . . . ( 1 . # # . ( . ( 1 . . . #. " .

. . # . " 1 " ( ( " . # " . . # 7 (

( " ) ' 0 .3

- - " (

" " 1=

- - " C ' B #

- - " - "

" # C (

- " # - ( " - " "

-" " - 6 7

2

; ( ( ('" 0 12 = 3( " "

" ( " )

" ( " "

; " 6 . . . , 1 # " . . . . . # " 1 .

# " . 0, . ( . (" . 1 . ( 1 . ( 1 . / " 1("

. . 57 : " ( " - " ) "( ; "

" 6 " ( . ( " " ("

. 9" " 1 . # 57 ( ; "

- " ) C " "

0 3 C (

# " " 6G # # ( (#

" . " " . 1 1 # " 5 . "

" #3 . " 572

- " #" ' 0 J H J 23( " ) ) " =(21

" - C " ;

- "

" "

-$

6 ( ( 1 " @ ( . #

( . 57 (

" ( " " C "

" $ ' " "

" " " 6 # . . . ( . " (

. " " 1 . . ( . " # .

4" / 1(" . . " " " " 722

8 - ) ) ( ) E ) 0 .

3 ) 0 3 ; ) E ) #

' ( - % " ( "

" " # 2@

" " ) " "

- ( "

' " ) " - #

-"

( '%( # 0 J>H =2=3(

" ) ) ; ) "

( " ( " "

" " ( ? " ) "

- ( "

- " " " C "

6 " " 7( ) " " (

" - - "

" " 2>

- # -# 20 = 2 =J=3( " " 0

-" 3(2H " ) ) " - " " E (

" # C ( ) ) ) ' C ; )

" ' "

" @ " ; ) - " ) )( "

" ( ) '

( - - # " %

, " - - " # ; )

" " ) )

" ? ( 8 % - "

" 2

# * #+' 0 J = JJ13( ' ( - "

C "

- ) C ) (

( " " (

" " " (

" 2J

C ; ( " - "

? " . 0 < 3

" JJ> - ' C $ < ( B #" .

< ( 6 . " . # . . (

" 0 3 " #

" 0 3( " E " 0

3 - C ; " =21( - "

6 7 ? C B ' " =22

" 6 # 1 @ ( # @ . " " . 7

: " ( ' "

; " #0- 3

-) " 6G. " . "

. 72= - - " " " ; "

3 # ' %$ " #$ () % ') # '* *' # % % * #'+'* "

C $ ( " " " )

-E " ; ( " (

) & " & " ' "

H " : " ( - " ' ( "

# - " )

) - "

- " =( " " JH (

- @ ; ( - (

-0< 3 @ $

" " - " @1

$ "

6G 1 / 4" 1 ( 1 7@2; " (

0 - - " 3 " -

-" " # C

( " - (

" @@

( # ( " ; (

" $ "

@> _{C " " "}

0 " #3 4 , ? #" 8

;(@H # I "

=( < " ( (

" @ ?

@J

( , ( " # "

6 7 & " - "

& " ' #

-- C

( " " # 6

7 ( " - C $ $$@=; "

- " " , " >

$ " - # C $

" #

A% 3 " " . / 5 . 1

0 4" 1% 3 . . 'B=< .(#':'+5 #1

. 5 5 / . 0, ( . # ( # 'B=<1

% . (" 1 . 1 . # % . " #

(" 5 . ! # .C " " ':1 ':'+D ? 2 . " (" . " .

" # . . #( 0 . .# . " # . " #

#3 / 3E5

$ " ; 1J( 9 9 0 = 2 =1 3( 6, . # 1 . #

1 # # . . . . . . "

#F7>

; " - C $ C $$( "

- " ( $ .#$ .( " 0 # - "

6-73 " " - "

-) : " ( =@ ( " ; $

. . ; "

- -

-" - ( 09.:3 C

) @ " ; $ - - 6G 1 . "

. / ( 1 " . . 9 # (# 1 1 4" . 1 1 4"

1 . . . . . . #7>1

( " =@H( ;(

, 0$.:3>2 " =@ (

0A ..3 - " $.: " ( "

; " $.:

->@

; -

-. ! ? 8 # ( " - ; )

" " " ( "

< C $$( # >>

$.: - A ..

-" " (

09.:3( " ==>>H

9.: ( " "

- - ( " (

" ) $ )

- (

) ; - > C "

" - ) ) )

-- ; "

(

-( ( - "

- " " >J

# "

-) " " ( " "

-# ) ) ) " ) - >=

C A .; " 9.:(

023 A .;3 0 / 3 &

H _9.:(

- ) 1 0 3 - (

-" " $ H

9.: -

-) " # ( " 8 "

-" GA .; " , C "

9.: -

-) " # ( " - "

6. "( 7 6 . ( "( # 7 0 ) 3

, 1 = - ( - " - -

-A .; " # " H " - - H1

; " - GA .;

$ " 0 ? ;3

- - ) . . 0 ..3

;< K( > C ==>H2; " - " " #

" " " - ( . ,

# 0K ( 1= ' 1 @3 ( ! .

" # % " 01 3( " " 1 ( "

-" - @ 0 3 ( ( $ ( . . " H@

( - " " ;< (

" " " " 1 1 (

- " "

;< & $ &

--

-; ( $ ) J 0 3

( - (

" H>.

" " "

-- , 6 7

( & $ " $ ( (

6 ( ( # " & " 6 7

" " HH

4 ') # '*( $- -(' $- -(' , *'

$ =@>(

- " ;

" " " " < # D "

) ) < # ( - D

D C =@> ; " ( " DDC =@>

" 6 - - " 7( 6 " " $ 7

6 # " 7 C ( " #

# C ( (

; # " ( " HJ " < # # #

B " ( C (

' ' " # "

" F

1 " " " 0 3(

F

2 - " # "

- - C "(

" " )

- ,

-" - " "

" " F

@ "

F

> - #

-" < # (

" "

" " ' 6 % 7 #

; #

-' (

"

-' -

-) " # " " <

#

; # "( - " - ) "

" - " " " ) '

- $ " " #

- " , " "

-" " " (

" " - "

C ( " " - (

" ( " - " C ( " $ "

- "

-DDC =@>

; " " < # (

" - " D

" ( ' " ) 6 7 ; )

" - - '

-( "

-" - C

( " < # "

) ) )H=$ ) " "

< # $ - "

-< # " $

C - ( # "

-6 7 0 3 6 " " 7 0 3

" ( - " "

C (

" ; (

-" " " ( "

( " - 0 # "

L( M ( " 3 C (

& " (

- - &

-, "

E " : " ( " < #

-- " # " " 6 " 7

4 " /

8 0- 3 " "

- - )

) ? - " - " - # - #

-- " - ( "

C C ( - - # " ( ) #

" "

2 " < 0 H J H@J3 $

" - ) # )

- " ( "

" - ) " "

" " " )

0-3 - ) "

E

. # " 0- 3

6 7 - - " - " & ) " "

- & " - % * " 1

" " 0- 3 "

" " " ( - # "

" 0- 3 "

-- ) " )( (

- - " # - ,

-" - ; & &

-- C " =2 (

- " 0 3

C ( - " "

) D

- " " - # ) ) ' )(

# E ; ) )

!

" 6 # 7 ' '

' ) 6 7 : " ( - $

- "

0- 3( '

" 8 < #

D - " $ (

" $ " ( "

) I $ " " $ ?

-" " " " - " D ; ' . C (

BB/ " - ( #

" ) - " " "

$ # (

- (

-- - "

-" 6 - 7 ( $

"

-, " " " $ " "

" - , "

" ( - " -

-# F " - #

" F "

) " ) - - F ( "

( "

- - - " (

-" ; - - C (

" - - 0- "

$ 1 " # D;N1 @(> 3( " " "

$

"

." 1J / ." , ; A .. ==@ 0. ?HH 5 5 H .H . I H I 5. (

1 1 3

1

/" & 6; # <# 7 / I 1 H 0. ?HH 5 / 5 H . $ $

$ #)<<'<75. ( 1 1 3

2

; 1 & . J" /K ) 11 12

@

, ( 1 1 ." 9.: ? # # # C , ( ( < "(

0< 3! 1 1 . ? 8 ( @ 9 " ( C / ." 9

>_{K #" ( 1 A ' : % " 9.: 8 $ ' ' I ; (}

C 0< 3; . . #$ " # 2 @ : ." / )

$ A ' # $ ' 0/$A$3 9 ) 8 D '

H

, ( # ( ==H . # . # ? :4)

:4) D ' @H @J

; ) A % ( " ( C ; === " . ? . ! " (# .

? ) < # ( <+ ( . 9 #" 0O< 3

J_{;#" ( =JH 8 # # A B 2 1}

=

, ( 9 1 J 6 . ( ! ? # 4" . ,& 1 . % 1 .

8 -" ) " J

$ (

." * 9 0. ?HH 5. # 5 5" H . #I# I 5. ( > ; 1 3

" 0. ?HH 5. # 5 5" H% . I*<> 5. ( > ; 1 3

9 ( , 1 = . . #> ? " 3 #8 8 2 22( 2J

, )) #"( . 1 = . . # > ? ! " # 8 # $ , # " / (

$ #

( 1 , ; . )' " # C " . #A ,

1

( ; , ( == 8 # . C , ( ( ; 0< 3 - . 6 ?

6 2 8 B

2 $ ( @

2

." * 9 ( # #

2

" ( #( #

2

9 ( # #

2

, )) #"( # #

@_{K C " ( / C === . . ; " 6 % ." : 4 >}

@

8 # ( 1 @ . D; P " ( $ # =

>

" ( ==> ." , " ; ) 8 0. ?HH 5 .( 5 H "( H

"(H 7 'H . 5. ( H ; 1 3

H

( 1 J ? . # . ( 8 P * "

2

/ ( ; =J2 6 ( K #? 65 5 8 (. " " , 'BB<$':'+ /

/ D ' >H

J

#"( B < 1 : , * ) # <# B # C # ( JJ =J

C / ( C #"( B < ;" "( ? 0< 3; 16 ( @ @J D; ."

D ' ) #"

= _{# ( $ ==H 8 ( 4 ( " < " ." / ) , 8 C * # (}

0< 3 6 ( . " , " ? # 6 ( . # . G -" . 5 . @ @1

/" # ." D ' ) /" # 1

( # # 1

? #" , 0 J== ==13 1 J 0. ?HH 5 (5 H ( #H H( H 8 # 5. ( 1>

1 3

11

( ( @

12

< ( 1 2 8 # 3 - " #? . & .8 # * ' # >1

12

;% - ( === , /" C ' ( C ;" ( 0< 3 6 ( , @>

8 B

1@

( ; ==H C 8 ? ) <# & <4 # 8 ? ; #

. <# C /" ( , # ( A 0< 3 &

& #? HH ; 9 ;# ) # " / 8

1> _{? 0 = 1 1 H3 1 J 0. ?HH 5 (5 H ( #H H( H 5. ( 1H 1 3}

1H

( # ( =( 2 1

$ ( > H

1J_{$ ( H}

1=

$ ( @( 1 1

2_{, ( # ( 1 . # . # ? . % #}

:4) :4) D ' 1H 1

2

( # ( > ( 1 1@

21 _{" ; 1 1 0. ?HH 5 5 "H H H( = 1 3}

22 _{( # ( J( 1> 1H} 2@

$ ( 1 @ 2>

$ ( =( 2 2H

8 % " < " & $ 0. ?HH 5 $ $ . $ 5 H H I 5. (

# 2

( # ( = 2J

$ ( 1 1J 2=

$ ( 2@ 2H @

/" ( , 1 # " 8 ." 6B 7 , ) ? . C ;" "( 0< 3

( . &# . ? 8 #1 . #1 1> :4 0D 3

* 0D; 3 B

@_{A ( 8 1 2 . , # ? 8 ; A 0D 3 #"}

0D; 3 < < " 8 H

@1

( 8 ==H $ # C ( 8 0< 3 & ? . 8 #

@ 8 B

@2

; ( D 1 > . , ( 8 @ . " . > # # ; K 2J

@@

( 1 # <# ; # C " ( ( 0< 3

. 5 5 # " " # , " L G " ,? . # # 1 1

0" EE # ( 2 1 3

@>

, # ( 9 ;" , ) # J 0. ?HH( 5 5 5 ( ; 1 3

@H_{, # 1 ( # ( 12}

@

;" ( 9 ( $ 9 ( 1 1 8 # ,? ; ':'+$':'7 *

" / ' " / @J

9 ( ; B 1 . . C ; #" ( , 0< 3 . / , " 8 # .

:4) :4) D '

@= _{( ; , ( ." <# # ) 9 9 $ :' ' C ( ;}

, ( 0< 3 . , 2( 21( 2@ / / D '

>

, " ( 1 > 6 ! . ! ? . 1 " 1 . ,,1

':*<$':+' 8 / $ " A 1

>

; "( 1 > ? % . ! . ;" 4" 0. ?HH 5 5 H( H H

5. ( H 1 3

>1

." # /" 0. ?HH" 5 H H #HM*5. ( 2 1 3

>2_{9 # # ( ; 1 2 ." $.:( " A .. " 9.: C ( 9 # # ( ; 0< 3 .}

! #? ! $& , ; , "

" " 8

>1

( ) ; ( ( (

( % ( / ( /" ( $ ( ( ( 8 ( ( # ( ; (

; 8 ( D ; '

>@

( 1 > A .. ==@ C # ( ? ( < ( A 0< 3 .

? 6 1 # L G " , = =1 * ;

;# # Q ( $ #

>>

( ; ==H . ! ? 8 # # ." D ' )

$

>H_{;#" ( . 1 @ . . L . ! ; ( , " #F}

AB$ K > >

? #" ( / 1 J A .; , C 9 ) ( B ; ( . ? R 0< 3 L

1 8 -" )) "

>J

( B 1 ; ' # . 8 % ) C ' C ' / # '

C ; 'S( ; ( B 0< 3 )<<<? ! 6 ( 2 @

9 " ( C / ." $

>

C ( 8 1 > . " . ? 1 " 1 ; ! " 8

O 8 >

>=

, ( ==2 C ' / " D B ; ' # 9 "

." 9 1

H

." A . ; ' # 0A .;3 : - # ' ( / ' C #

0. ?HH 5 5 H .H I H I H 4 I 5. ( 1 3

H

9 . : % 1 > 8 ( . / / D '

H

H_{; - " 9.: " (" 0 "}

" 3( " 1 " 1 (" 1

" 1 1 0 " " ( 3(. .$

1 1 " " 1 . " .

H1

C # ( 1 , ( ." " 8 $ K @

H2_{? ( ; ( B A ( C 1 J ; C ) ( ; C- ) ( B}

( ; 0< 3 & # C& D )<'M? & " .

J ( 1= . < 4

H@

;< 1 = , ;< ; #

H> _{" 09.:3( $}

0 </3( 0 ? ;3( $ . 0 /?. 3(

$J 0 ?. 3( $ " $ N

0 O?. 3( $, 0 $?. 3(, $- .

0$ < 3 HH

; ) 6 7 " ( 01 H3(

% # B 8 ; ( -"

J , (&( @ >2

H

==2 ? J " . 8 2<; $ @ @=( 2

@ HJ_{$ ( @=( >2} H=

$ ( > ( ( HH

D 8 $ 1 0. ?HH 5 5 H( H)=)*'=H" $ " $ $ $

H_{B$ , . " 1 = 0. ?HH 5 ( ( 5 H H )B'M<+( =}