VERIFIKASI FAKTOR EMISI BIDANG PETERNAKAN

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VERIFIKASI FAKTOR EMISI

BIDANG PETERNAKAN

Institut Pertanian Bogor –

www.ipb.ac.id

Focus Group Discussion

Improvement Inventarisasi GRK Sektor Peternakan

Bogor 14 Mei 2014

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FGD – Improvement Inventarisasi GRK Sektor Peternakan



Rice Cultivation (CH

₄

)



Cropland Burning (CO

₂

, CH

₄

,

N

₂

O, N

₂

O)



Liming (CO

₂

)



Urea Fertilizer (CO

₂

)



N

₂

O Emission from Managed

Soil (N

₂

O)



Direct N

₂

O Soil



Indirect N

₂

O Soil



Livestock



Enteric Fermentation

(CH

₄

)



Manure Management

(CH

₄

and N

₂

O)

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FGD – Improvement Inventarisasi GRK Sektor Peternakan

EMISI GRK DARI PETERNAKAN



(Fermentasi Enterik)



Methan (CH

₄

)



Manure Management

(Pengelolaan Kotoran)



Methan (CH

₄

)



Direct N

₂

O



Indirect N

₂

O

CH

4

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FGD – Improvement Inventarisasi GRK Sektor Peternakan



Ternak ruminansia (sapi

potong, sapi perah, kerbau,

domba, kambing), kuda, babi

menghasilkan

Methan (CH

4

)

.



Gas yang dihasilkan ternak

ruminansia adalah CO

2

, CH

4

,

H

2

S, H

2

O



Methan dihasilkan dari proses

methanogenesis di dalam

rumen dengan bantuan

bakteri methanogen.



CO

₂

+ 4H

₂

==>

CH

₄

+ 2H

₂

O

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FGD – Improvement Inventarisasi GRK Sektor Peternakan



Methan:



Dihasilkan dari proses

penanganan manure

(manure management)

pada semua jenis ternak

(sapi perah, sapi potong,

kerbau, domba, kambing,

babi, itik, ayam ras, ayam

kampung, ayam petelur)

secara anaerobik



Penanganan secara liquid

(kondisi anaerob) lebih

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FGD – Improvement Inventarisasi GRK Sektor Peternakan



Direct N

₂

O



Dihasilkan dari proses kombinasi

nitrifkasi dan detrifkasi N dari

manur selama dalam

penyimpanan.



Proses nitrifkasi adalah

perubahan ammonia menjadi

N-nitrat dalam kondisi oksigen yang

cukup.



Indirect N

₂

O



Dihasilkan dari N-volatile seperti

NH

3

atau NO

x.

N organic yang

mudah menjadi volatil adalah urea

dan ureic acid

N

2

O

N

2

O

Pengelolaan Manur

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FGD – Improvement Inventarisasi GRK Sektor Peternakan

Faktor Emisi pada tenak tergantung

pada:



Jenis dan Bangsa Ternak



Berat Badan, Umur



Status reproduksi



Produksi Susu/Kerja



Kualitas Pakan



Sistem Pemberian Pakan



Sistem Pemeliharaan



Sistem Pengelolaan

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FGD – Improvement Inventarisasi GRK Sektor Peternakan

METHODOLOGY (IPCC

2006)



2006 IPCC Guideline for

National Greenhouse

Gas Inventory



Vol 4 – Agriculture



Chapter 10 –

Emission from

Livestock and

Manure

Management



Dilengkapi Worksheet

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FGD – Improvement Inventarisasi GRK Sektor Peternakan

METHODS



TIER 1: BASIC CHARACTERISATION

FOR LIVESTOCK POPULATION



Livestock species and categories



Annual population



TIER 2: ENHANCED

CHARACTERISATION FOR LIVESTOCK

POPULATIONS

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FGD – Improvement Inventarisasi GRK Sektor Peternakan

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EMISSION FACTORS FOR ENTERIC

FERMENTATION

No

Species Type

(kg CH

₄

/head/year)

1.

Beef Cattle

47

2.

Dairy Cattle

61

3.

Buffalo

55

4.

Sheep

5

5.

Goat

5

6.

Pig

1

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EMISSION FACTORS FOR MANURE MANAGEMENT

No

Species Type

Manure Management

(kg CH

₄

//head/year)

1.

Beef Cattle

1

2.

Dairy Cattle

31

3.

Buffalo

2

4.

Sheep

0.20

5.

Goat

0.22

6.

Pig

7

7.

Horse

2.19

8.

Local Chicken

0.02

9.

Broiler

0.02

10.

Layer

0.02

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FGD – Improvement Inventarisasi GRK Sektor Peternakan

TIER 2: ENHANCED CHARACTERISATION FOR

LIVESTOCK POPULATIONS



Defnitions for livestock subcategories;



Livestock population by subcategory, with

consideration for estimation of annual

population as per Tier 1



Feed intake estimates for the typical

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FGD – Improvement Inventarisasi GRK Sektor Peternakan

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FGD – Improvement Inventarisasi GRK Sektor Peternakan

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STRUKTUR POPULASI TERNAK

BERDASARKAN UMUR

19.00%

26.00%

55.00%

Sapi Potong

22.00%

24.00%

54.00%

Sapi Perah

16.00%

21.00%

63.00%

Ternak Kerbau

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FGD – Improvement Inventarisasi GRK Sektor Peternakan

CHARACTERISATION

REQUIRES



Annual average population



Average daily feed intake

(megajoules (MJ) per day and / or kg

per day of dry matter);



Methane conversion factor

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FGD – Improvement Inventarisasi GRK Sektor Peternakan

FEED INTAKE ESTIMATION

Estimate feed intake from

the animal

performance

and

diet

:



Weight (kg);



Average weight gain per day (kg);



Mature Weight (kg);



Feeding situation: confned, grazing, pasture

conditions;



Milk production per day (kg/day) and fat content

(%);



Average amount of work performed per day

(hours day

-1

);



Percentage of females that give birth in a year;



Number of ofspring;

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FGD – Improvement Inventarisasi GRK Sektor Peternakan

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Feed intake estimates using a simplified

Tier 2 method



Prediction of DMI for cattle based on body

weight and estimated dietary net energy

concentration (NE

ma

) or digestible energy values

(23)

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FGD – Improvement Inventarisasi GRK Sektor Peternakan

INTRODUCTION



Global climate change is happening a

few years caused by greenhouse gases

(GHG).



Some types of GHG that have

contributed to global warming:



carbon dioxide (CO

2

), methane (CH

4

),

dinitrogen oxide or nitrous oxide (N

2

O)

and other gases.



Greenhouse gas emitter sector (IPCC,

2006):



energy, industrial, agriculture, waste,

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FGD – Improvement Inventarisasi GRK Sektor Peternakan

GHG from Livestock Sector

•

Livestock subsector

contributes 18%

of the

global warming

(Steinfeld

et al

., 2006).

•

Ruminants are main

producer of methane.

•

Methane are produced

from metanogen

bacteria.

•

Nitrous oxide (N

₂

O)

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FGD – Improvement Inventarisasi GRK Sektor Peternakan

INVENTORY OF GHG



Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is an

international scientifc institutions that has task to do assessment

climate change.



IPCC issued the methodology for the calculation of estimated GHG,



IPCC published

Emission Factor (EF)

for all animal type for each

country, including Indonesia.



Every country should develop country specifc emission factors



Qurimasari (2011) reported that EF of dairy cattle in West Java was

higher than EF default from IPCC.



According to the preview researchs, the EF’s for animal from

Indonesia should be corected and adjusted by animal

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FGD – Improvement Inventarisasi GRK Sektor Peternakan

OBJECTIVE



Objective this study is to estimate

greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions

from Livestock in Bogor Regency using

the IPCC (2006) Guideline Tier 1

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FGD – Improvement Inventarisasi GRK Sektor Peternakan

METHODOLOGY



Livestock population data (dairy, beef, sheep, goat, pig, and

chicken) were collected from Bogor Livestock Services Ofce.



Emission Factor (EF) for methane (CH

₄

) and nitrous oxide

(N

2

O) were calculated according to



default emission factors (Tier 1), IPCC (2006)



enhanced or modifed according to animal performance and diet (Tier

2)



Animal performance and farm management were collected

from frams feld some farm using survey method:

 _{Population structure, body weight, weight gain, reproduction status, milk}

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FGD – Improvement Inventarisasi GRK Sektor Peternakan

CALCULATION OF CH

4

EMISSION

CH

4

emission from livestock was calculated by:



CH

₄

emission = N

_(D)

x EF

_(T)

x 10

6



N

_(D)

= livestock population (head)



EF

_(T)

= emission factor (kg CH

₄

/head/year)

Emission Factor (EF) were calculated by:



EF

_{(Tier 1)}

: default of IPCC (2006)

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FGD – Improvement Inventarisasi GRK Sektor Peternakan

CALCULATION OF N

2

O EMISSION



CH

₄

emission = N

_(D)

x EF

_(T)

x 10

6



N

_(D)

= livestock population (head)



EF

_(T)

= emission factor (kg N

₄

O/head/year)

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FGD – Improvement Inventarisasi GRK Sektor Peternakan

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

58.10%

4.76%

13.33%

23.81%

Dairy Cattle

Dairy cow

Bull

Young

Calf

45.00%

3.00%

29.00% 23.00%

Beef Cattle

Male Bull Young Calf

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FGD – Improvement Inventarisasi GRK Sektor Peternakan

TABLE 1. ANIMAL PERFORMACES AND EMISSION

FACTORS (EF) OF CH

₄

FOR DAIRY CATTLE

Parameters

(IPCC, 2006)

Tier 1

(Modifed)

Tier 2

Body weight (kg)

350

390

DE (%)

60

Milk Production (kg/head/day)

4.5

9.3

Milk Fat (%)

4

3.9

Pregnancy (%)

80

Gross Energy (MJ/head/day)

160

218

EF (CH

₄

kg /head/year)

61

93

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FGD – Improvement Inventarisasi GRK Sektor Peternakan

Parameters

Tier 1

(IPCC, 2006) (Modifed)Tier 2 Cattle

in pastur

e

Femal

e Male Young Calf

Cattle in pasture

Femal

e Male Young Calf

Body weight (kg)

- 300 400 200 - - 266 250 117 66

DE (%) - 60 60 60 - - 56 56 56 56

Milk Production (kg/head/day)

- 1.1 - - - - 1.1 - -

-Milk Fat (%) - 4 - - - - 3.45 - -

-Pregnancy (%) - 45 - - - - 45 - -

-Gross Energy (MJ/head/day)

- 106 113 84 - - 108 88 65 42

EF (CH

₄

kg /

head/year)

48

46

48

36

-

46

38

28

18

TABLE 2. ANIMAL PERFORMACES AND EMISSION

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FGD – Improvement Inventarisasi GRK Sektor Peternakan

Parameters

Tier 1

(IPCC, 2006)

Tier 2

(Modifed)

Bufalo

56

55

Pig

1

Goat

5

Sheep

5

Horse

18

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FGD – Improvement Inventarisasi GRK Sektor Peternakan

TABLE 4. TOTAL CH

₄

EMMISION IN BOGOR

REGENCY

Animal Type

Tier 1 Tier 2

Enteric Fermentat ion Manure Manageme nt Total Enteric Fermentati on Manure Managem ent Total

Dairy Cow 0.50 0.22 0.72 0.49 0.02 0.51 Beef Cattle 0.86 0.02 0.88 0.61 0.02 0.63

Bufalo 1.12 0.04 1.16 1.1 0.04 1.15

Pig 0.00 0.03 0.04 0.00 0.02 0.02

Horse 0.01 0.0 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01

Goat 0.59 0.03 0.62 0.59 0.04 0.63

Sheep 1.40 0.06 1.46 1.40 0.08 1.49

Poultry - 0.21 0.21 - 0.18 0.18

Total

4.49

0.61

5.0

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FGD – Improvement Inventarisasi GRK Sektor Peternakan

Animal Type

Tier 1 Tier 2

Direct Indirect Total Direct Indirect Total

Dairy Cow 0.00 95.01 95.01 0.02 10.02 10.04

Beef Cattle 0.00 0.25 0.25 0.00 7.94 7.94

Bufalo 0.23 19.91 18.14 0.01 13.19 13.30

Pig 0.00 2.13 2.13 0.00 1.05 1.05

Horse 0.00 0.29 0.29 0.00 0.25 0.25

Goat 0.00 25.64 35.64 0.00 46.74 47.08

Sheep 0.00 107.92 107.92 0.80 110.07 110.88

Poultry 0.08 25.47 25.56 0.08 25.47 25.56

Total

0.32

259.17

284.98

0.93

189.29

216.00

Table 5. Total N

₂

O Emmision from Livestock

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FGD – Improvement Inventarisasi GRK Sektor Peternakan

Animal Type

Tier 1 Tier 2

Total Emmision (Gg

CO₂ eq)

% Total Emmision

(Gg CO₂ eq) %

Dairy Cow 44.78 22.2 14.61 8.6

Beef Cattle 20.27 10.1 16.87 9.9

Bufalo 31.99 15.9 30.32 17.8

Pig 1.50 0.7 0.81 0.5

Horse 0.25 0.1 0.24 0.1

Goat 24.81 12.3 28.50 16.7

Sheep 65.53 32.5 67.06 39.4

Polutry 12.32 6.1 11.80 6.9

Total

201.46

100

170.21

100

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CONCLUSION



In general, total GHG emissions from livestock

calculated by modifed (Tier 2) was 15.5% lower

than default IPCC (Tier 1)



The GHG emissions from the livestock in Bogor

Regency in 2010 were 201.46 Gg CO

₂

eq (Tier

1) or 170.21 Gg CO

₂

eq (Tier 2).



Total GHG emission were contributed from

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