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ANALYSIS OF CONVERSATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS OF
DOCTORS AND PATIENTS’ DIAGNOSIS TALKS
A Thesis Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain Sarjana Sastra Degree in English Department Study Programme
by :
Annisa Maharani Student Number : 12.80.0031
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDY PROGRAMME FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS SOEGIJAPRANATA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY
SEMARANG
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A THESIS ON
ANALYSIS OF CONVERSATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS OF
DOCTORS AND PATIENTS’ DIAGNOSIS TALKS
By
Annisa Maharani
Student Number :
12.80.0031
Approved by,
Antonius Suratno, Ph.D June 6th, 2017
Major Sponsor
Cecilia Titiek Murniati, Ph.D June 6th, 2017
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A thesis defended in front of the Board of Examiners on June 6
th, 2017
and declared acceptable
BOARD OF EXAMINERS
Chairperson : Antonius Suratno, Ph.D ………. Secretary : Cecilia Titiek Murniati, Ph.D ...……….. Member : Drs. YE. Budiyana, MA ……….
Semarang, June 6th , 2017
Faculty of Language and Arts Soegijapranata Catholic University Dean,
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious and the Most Merciful. All praises to
Allah SWT for the strength and all the blessings He has given to me until now and for
giving me this opportunity to finish my thesis in order to obtain my bachelor degree. I
bow my head before Almighty Allah SWT to show my gratitude to Him as I am nothing
without His blessings. I would also like to show my respect to His Prophet of Choice,
Prophet Muhammad SAW, and all His life lessons which He has taught to all mankind
in this world as my life-guidance.
Special thanks to my major sponsor Mr. Anton Suratno, Ph.D, and my co-major
sponsor Mrs. Cecilia Titiek Murniati, Ph.D who have been the great helper for me to
develop my thesis. Thank you for being patient through these past few semesters to
assist and to give me lots of suggestions in order to finish my thesis and make this thesis
better than before. I also said my sincere gratitude to you both for the unlimited
knowledge you have given to me whether it is academic or non-academic. As your
student, I am really proud for having you two as my lecturers and indeed you two are
my favorite lecturers in the faculty.
I would like to say my sincerest gratitude to my father and my mother for being
the source of strength and inspiration in my life. You show me your infinite love and
care to me with all my flaws. You support me for everything I do even in your busiest
time, especially my mother who once threatened me if I did not finish my thesis as soon
as possible she would arrange a marriage for me. Regardless, that motivated me a lot to
finish my thesis so that she should not have to do that. My sincerest thanks go to my
v toughest time. I am genuinely grateful to have you all as my family. I truly love you all
as you are the best gift from God I have ever received.
My thanks also go to my colleagues in the Faculty of Language and Arts batch
2012, especially Dina, Dian, Caroline, Wilona, Sidney, Ferlin, and Junia. To my
queenderp fellow, Dina and Dian, who have supported me all the time and they even did
not hesitate to scold me for being too slow to finish my thesis. Your scolding indeed
motivated me though. I truly thanks to the both of you for being by my side when I need
a shoulder to lean on. I thank Caroline, Wilona, Sidney, Ferlin, and Junia as well who
cheerfully support me in finishing my thesis. My thanks to my high-school BFF, Ayu
Oktavianingtyas, who has been telling me million times not to give up on my life,
especially when I said I wanted to give up on my thesis. Thank you for genuinely
encouraging me until this time.
I also owe a debt of gratitude to all the lecturers and staffs of the Faculty of
Language and Arts for helping me to provide all the information and infinite knowledge
for these almost 5 years. Without your participation, I might not be able to update the
information in the University and to have anything I need to pass each semester.
I cannot mention all the people here but without these people’s helps and
encouragements, I might not be able to finish my thesis which I have been working on
since 2016. I understand that my thesis is still far from being perfect. Still, I hope the
people who read this will find this thesis useful especially for their future research.
Once again I will say my sincerest gratitude to all the people who have supported me.
Thank you and God bless you always.
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1.6Significant of Study ... 4
1.7Definition of Terms ... 5
CHAPTER 2 : REVIEW OF LITERATURE... 6
2.1 Discourse Analysis ... 6
CHAPTER 3 : RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 20
3.1 Data Collection ... 20
3.1.1 Participants ... 20
3.1.2 Instruments ... 21
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3.2 Transcribing Data ... 22
3.3 Analyzing Data ... 26
CHAPTER 4 : DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION ... 28
4.1 Opening Closing ... 29
4.1.1 Opening ... 29
4.1.2 Closing ... 33
4.2 Turn Taking ... 36
4.2.1 Two Participants ... 36
4.2.2 More Than 2 Participants (Doctor, Patient, and The Patient’s Guardian)... 39
4.3 Pauses ... 46
4.4 Overlaps ... 52
4.4.1 Repeating Words/Confirmation ... 52
4.4.2 Terminal Overlaps ... 53
4.4.3 Continuous Overlap ... 55
4.5 Establishing Diagnostic ... 58
CHAPTER 5 : CONSLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS ... 60
5.1 Conclusion ... 60
5.2 Suggestions ... 61
BIBLIOGRAPHY ... 63
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ABSTRACT
A conversation between a doctor and a patient in Indonesia usually involves not only two people, but also three or more people. This means the doctor and the patient are not the only participants in the conversation. Therefore, the conversational organizations may be different from the usual doctor-patient talk which only involves two people. Previous studies from Drew, Collins, and Chatwin showed that patient participation is important in doctor’s discussion regarding the patient’s treatment option, while Heritage and Maynard’s study concluded with suggestions for how to apply CA in their study to determine doctor-patient relationship. As Conversation Analysis (CA) study, particularly in doctor-patient talk, is still considered rare in Indonesia, the writer chose this topic for her thesis. This thesis aims to explain the conversational organizations of doctor-patient talk in establishing diagnosis by using CA approach. The participants for this study were doctors and patients in Pekalongan. By analyzing 10 original recordings of doctor-patient interactions, she focused on four aspects of conversational organizations in order to find the establishing diagnosis in doctor-patient talk: opening-closing, turn-taking, pauses, and overlaps. The analysis showed a unique pattern for opening-closing and turn-taking aspects. The conversation between doctor and patient in Indonesia did not conform to standard greetings such as “good morning”. Meanwhile, a situation where the patients’ guardians were involved in the talk was the stand-out part for the turn-taking aspect. Despite being the patients in the conversation, the patients had fewer turns compared to the guardians or even the doctors. In sum, the analysis of conversational organizations of doctor-patient talk in establishing diagnosis indicated the doctors’ authority and power, especially when they need to deliver their diagnosis to the patients.
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ABSTRAK
