ANALISIS SOSIAL EKONOMI TUMPANGSARI DI RPH GANDUL, BKPH NOTOPURO, KPH SARADAN MADIUN, JAWA TIMUR. Oleh: Aqwa Mulya *) PENDAHULUAN

ANALISIS SOSIAL EKONOMI TUMPANGSARI D I RPH GANDUL, BKPH NOTOPURO, K P H SARADAN

M A D I U N , J A W A TIMUR O l e h : A q w a M u l y a * ) PENDAHULUAN P e n i n g k a t a n j u m l a h p e n d u d u k k h u s u s n y a d i P u l a u J a w a m e n g a k i - b a t k a n s e m a k i n d i p e r l u k a n l a h a n p e r t a n i a n y a n g l e b i h b e s a r , a k i b a t d a r i p e n i n g k a t a n p e n g g u n a a n l a h a n t e r s e b u t m a k a t e r j a d i p e n i n g k a t a n g a n g g u a n t e r h a d a p h u t a n ( p e n c u r i a n , p e n y e r o b o t a n l a h a n d a n l a i n - l a i n ) d a n p a d a a k h i r n y a a k a n m e r t u r u n k a n a t a u m e n g u r a n g i p r o d u k t i v i t a s l a h a n h u t a n . L a n g k a h - l a n g k a h p e n d e k a t a n y a n g d i l a k u k a n o l e h P e r u m P e r h u - t a n i a d a l a h p e n d e k a t a n d e n g a n k o n s e p Prosperity- a p p r o a c h y a i t u G e r u p a I n m a s t u r n p a n g s a r i , m a g e r s a r e n , p e t e r n a k a n l e b a h , p e n a n a m a n r u m p u t g a j a h d a n l a i n - l a i n . C a r a y a n g d i a n g g a p r e l e v a n p a d a s a a t i n i a d a l a h A g r o f o r e s t r y y a i t u p e r p a d u a n a n t a r a t e g a k a n h u t a n d e n g a n t a n a m a n p e r t a n i a r i . S a l a h s a t u s i s t e m t a n a m d a r i a g r o f o r e s t r y a d a l a h t u m p a n g s a r i . T u . j u a n d a n M a n f a a - h m e l i t i a n Y e m p e r o l e h g a m b a r a n s a m p a i s e b e r a p a b e s a r k e g i a t a n i n i r n e r n b e r i k a n m a n f a a t d a l a m r n e n i n g k a t k a n p e n d a p a t a n m a s y a r a k a t s e k i t a r h u t a n s e c a r a k e s i n a r n b u n g a n d a n .jugs k e u n t u n g a n f i n a n s i a l d a r i k e g i a t a n t u m p a n g s a r i a g r o f o r e s t r y s e h i n g g a k e a m a n a n h u t a n l e b i h t e r j a r n i n . L o k a s i d a n W a k t u P e n e l i t i a n P e n e l i t i a n i n i d i l a k u k a n d i p e t a k 9 3 - a , 9 4 - a d a n 9 4 - c s e l u a s 5 0 - h a d i R P H G a n d u l , BKPH N o t o p u r o , K P H S a r a d a n M a d i u n J a w a T i r n u r . P e n e l i t i a n i n i d i l a k u k a n

d i

l o k a s i s e l a m a d u a b u l a n .

_ _ _ - - - _ - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - _ - - _ - - - -

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) H a h a s i s w a S1 F a k u l t a s K e h u t a n a n I P B d i bawah b i r n b i n g a n D r I r J u n u s K a r t a s u b r a t a d a n I r B u d i K u n c a h y o .

? j e t o d e P e n g a n b i l a n S a m p e l d a n J e n i s Data ? l e t o d e p e n g a m b i l a n s a m p e l y a n g d i g u n a k a n a d a l a h m e t o d e a c a k s e d e r h a n a . S a m p e l t e r d i r i d a r i p e s e r t a p r o g r a m p e r h u t a n a n s o s i a l d a n b u k a n p e s e r t a p r o g r a m p e r h u t a n a n s o s i a l , m a s i n g - m a s i n g d a r i d u a d e s a . I n t e n s i t a s s a m p l i n g a d a l a h 5 0 % u n t u k p e s e r t a p r o g r a m p e r h u t a n a n s o s i a l d a n u n t u k b u k a n p e s e r t a p r o g r a m p e r h u t a n a r , s o s i a l s a m a d e n g a n j u m l a h p e s e r t a p r o g r a m p e r h u t a n a n s o s i a i y a n g t e r p i l i h . C J e n i s d a t a y a n g d i b u t u h k a n a d a l a h d a t a p o k o k ( d a t a b i a v a d a n d a t a m a n f a a t f d a n d a t a p e n u n j a n g ( d a t a k e a d a a n umum l o k z s i d a ~ p u s t a k a - p u s t a k a , y a n g b e r u p a d a t a s e k u n d e r ) . M e t o d e A n a l i s a D a t a A n a l i s i s s o s i a l e k o n o m i y a n g d i g u n a k a n a d a l a h : a . U n t u k m e n g e t a h u i t i n g k a t p e n g e t a h u a n d a n p e r s e p s i m a s y a r a - k a t t e r h a d a p p e s e r t a p r o g r a m p e r h u t a n a n s o s i a l d e n g a n s i s t e m t u r n p a n g s a r i , m e n g e t a h u i p e n d a p a t a n , p e n g e l u a r a n , d a n s t a t u s k e r n i s k i n a n s e t e l a h m e n g i k u t i p r o g r a m p e r h u t a n a n s o s i a l . b . U n t u k m e n g e t a h u i p e r b e d a a n r a t a - r a t a a n t a r a d u a p a r a m e t e r y a n g d i b a n d i n g k a n ( m e m b a n d i n g k a n a n t a r a p e m i l i k a n l a h a n d a r i p e s e r t a d a n b u k a n p e s e r t a p r o g r a m p e r h u t a n a n s o s i a l d a n s e c a r a k e s e l u c t h a n n y a ) d e n g a n U j i - T . c . U n t u k m e n g e t a h u i p e r s e n t a s e p e n d a p a t a n p e s e r t a p r o g r a m p e r h u t a n a n s o s i a l d a r i p e n d a p a t a n t o t a l d a n p r o p o r s i p e n g e l u a r a n --- d a r i p e n d a p a t a n t o t a l n y a .

HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN P r o g r a m P e r h u t a n a n S o s i a l S e c a r a Umum P r o g r a m P e r h u t a n a n S o s i a l d i RPH g a n d u l , BKPH N o t o p u r o , K P H S a r a d a n Y a d i u n J a w a T i m u r d i m u l a i t a h u n 1 9 8 7 F a n g b e r l o k a s i d i p e t a k 9 3 a , 9 4 a d a n 9 4 c y a n g k e s e l u r u h a n a n g g o t a d i b a g i d a l a m 2 5 k e l o m p o k y a i t u

23

k e l o m p o k b e r a n g g o t a 1 0 o r a n g d a n 2 k e l o m p o k b e r a n g g o t a 1 3 o r a n g , d e n g a n m a s i n g - m a s i n g m e m p u n y a i s a t u k e t u a d a n s a t u s e k r e t a r i s . I d e n t i t a s K e p a l a R u m a h t a n g g a R e s p o n d e n I d e r ~ t i t a s r e s p o n d e n y a n g m e l i p u t i t i n g k a t p e n g i d i k a n d a n j e n i s p e k e r j a a n u t a m a m a u p u n s a m p i n g a n k e p a l a r u m a h t a n g g a r e s p o n - d e n m e n u r u t s t r a t a d a p a t d i l i h a t p a d a t a b e l 1 d a n 2 .

T a b e I 1

.

K o n ~ ~ ) o s i s i T i n g k a t P e n d i d i k a n K e p a l a R u m a h t a n g g a P e s e r - t a P r o y e k PS d i RPH G a n d u l - - - - --- - - T i n g k a t p e n d i d i k a n S t r a t a . .- - - -. T i d a k S e k o l a h L u l u s S D L u l u s SLTP T a b e l 2 . K o m p o s i s i p e k e r j a a n p e s e r t a P r o y e k PS d i RPH G a n d u l - --- P e k e r j a a n S t r a t a P e t a n i , P e t a n i t a n p a P e t a n i / P e t a n i / L a i n - b u r u h / p e k e r j a a n b u r u h / t u k a n g / p e d a g a n g l a i n t u k a n g s a m p i n g a n p e d a g a n g k i a w a s a n d a n M o t i v a s i P e s e r t a P r o s e k P e r h u t a n a n S o s i a l S e l u r u h p e s e r t a p e r h u t a n a n s o s i a l y a n g t e r p i l i h m e n g e t a h u i a d a n y a p r o y e k p e r h u t a n a n s o s i a l p e r t a m a k a l i d a r i p e n y u l u h / PLP/ P e r h u t a n i m e l a l u i c e r a m a h , t e k n i k d i l a p a n g a n d a n m e n i n j a u p e r - c o n t o h a n d e n g a n k e s a d a r a n s e n d i r i . F r e k w e n s i r a t a - r a t a k e k a d i r a n m e r e k a d a l a m p e n y u l u h a n 1

-

2

k a l i j b u l a n . T a n g g a p a n t e r h a d a p p e l a k s a n a a n p r o y e k p e r h u t a n a n s o s i a l s e c a t a t e k n i s a d a l a h : 9 1 o r a n g ( 7 1 . 6 5 - % ) m e n y a t a k a n s a n g a t s e s u a i d a n 3 6 o r a n g ( 2 8 . 3 5 - % ) m e n y a t a k a n c u k u p s e s u a i . P e r a s a a n p e s e r t a s e t e l a h m e n j a d i p e s e r t a p r o y e k p e r h u t a n a n s o s i a l a d a l a h : 1 0 2 o r a n g ( 8 0 . 3 1 - % ) m e n y a t a k a n s a n g a r t s e n a n g d a n 2 5 o r a n g ( 1 9 . 6 9 - % ) r n e n y a t a k a n c u k u p s e n a n g , T i n q k a t P e n d a p a t a n P e s e r t a P r o y e k P e r h u t a n a n S o s i a l T i n g k a t p e n d a p a t a n p e s e r t a P r o y e k P e r h u t a n a n S o s i a l d i RPH

G a n d ~ 1 1 d a p a t d i l i h a t p a d a t . a b e l b e r i k u t : T a b e l 3 . P e n d a p a t a n r a t a - r a t a t i a p s t r a t a p e r - t a h u n , S u m b e r P e n d a p a t a n

- - -

S t r a t a P e r h u t a n a n L'saha B n r u h / L a i n - T o t a l P e r k a p i t a s o s i a l T u k a n g l a i n

"

( R P ) ( R p ) ( R p ( R P ) ( R P )

t

RP T i n g k a t K e s e - j a h t e r a a n P e s e r t a P r o v e k P e r h u t a n a n S o s i a l P e n g e l u a r a n r a t a - r a t a p e r r u m a h t a n g g a p e r t a h u n d a r i p e s e r t a P r o y e k P e r h u t a n a n S o s i a l u n t u k t i a p k e b u t u h a n d a p a t d i l i h a t p a d a T a b e l 4 . T a b e l 4 . J u r n l a h d a n P e r s e n t a s e P e n g e l u a r a n R u m a h t a n g g a P e r T a h u n M e n u r u t J e n i s P e n g e l u a r a n -. J u r n l a h

----&enis

P e n g e l u a r a n

...

R u p i a h ( Rp )

X

p a n g a n s a n d a n g p e r b a i k a n r u m a h p e n d i d i k a n i u r a n d e s a s u m b a n g a n r u t i n t r a n s p o r t a s i r e k r e a s i l a i n - l a i n B i l a d i h u b u n g k a n d e n g a n g a r i s k e r n i s k i n a n m a k a 9 0 o r a n g r e s p o n d e n p e s e r t a ( 7 0 . 8 7 % ) m e m p u n y a i p e n g e l u a r a n p e r - k a p i t a p e r - t a h u n d i a t a s g a r i s k e m i s k i n a n d a n 3 7 o r a n g l a i h n y a ( 2 9 . 1 3 % ) b e r a d a d i b a w a h g a r i s k e m i s k i n a n .

Tabel

5 .

Pengeluaran Rata-rata per-rumah tangga pertahun,

-

Pengeluaran Rumahtangga

Strata

Pangan

Bukan Pangan

Total

f

RP)

(

Rp

)

(Rp)

Tabel

6.

Pengeluaran Rata-rata Per-kapita Per-tahun

--

--

Pengeluaran Perkapita

Pangan

Bukan Pangan

Total

I

( R p ( R P ) ( R P )

rata-rata

1 0 7 6 8 9 . 1 6

40

195.91

1 4 7

885.07

ngeluaran per kapita per tahun dari peserta

Proyek

P e r h u t

Sssiaf yang berada di atas dan di

bawah

garis

kemiskinan dan kebutuhan minimum pangan tiap strata adalah seba-

gai berikut:

Tabel

7.

Persentase Rumahtangga Peserta Miskin Pada

M~sing-masing

Strata

Strata

Garis Keeskinan

Total

I

r o o

( 4 )

-

100

ILI

68.47 ( 7 6 )

31,53 '(35)

100

DAPTAR PUSTARA

AlPasjid, Harun.

1980.

Intensifikasi dan Effisiensi Pengunaan

Tanah Hutan dalam Usaha Membantu Pemecahan Masalah Kebutuhan

Penduduk di Sekitar Nutan dalam Proceeding Seminar Pengala-

man dengan Agroforestry di Jawa Indonesia, Fakultas Kehuta-

nan Universitas Gajah Mada, Yogyakarta,

Biro Pusat Statistik. 1380, Penduduk Indonesia Menurut Propin-

si, BPS, Jakarta, Seri

:

L

No.3.

Bratamiharja, Mulya,di, 1981,

Social Forestry on State Forest

Land. Workshop Organized by the Faculty of Forestry GMU in

Collaproration with

FON@

and FAC/RWET

1

-

3

December 1987.

Yogyakarta,

Gittinger, J. rice.

1986,

Analisa Ekohomi Proyekproyek Perta-

nian. Universitas Indonesia. Jakarta,

Sajogyo.

1977.

Garis Kerniskinan dan Kebutuhan Minimum Pangan.

Lembaga Penelitian Sosiologi Pedesaan IPB. Bogor.