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Reconsidering Cryptococcal Antigen Screening in the U.S. among persons with
CD4<100 cells/mcL
Radha Rajasingham
1,2, David R. Boulware
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1.ȱ ParkȱBJ,ȱWannwmuehlerȱKA,ȱMarstonȱBJ,ȱGovenderȱN,ȱPappasȱPG,ȱChillerȱTM.ȱ Estimationȱofȱtheȱcurrentȱglobalȱburdenȱofȱcryptococcalȱmeningitisȱamongȱ personsȱlivingȱwithȱHIV/AIDS.ȱAIDSȱ2009;23:525Ȭ30.ȱ
2.ȱ LiechtyȱCA,ȱSolbergȱP,ȱWereȱW,ȱetȱal.ȱAsymptomaticȱserumȱcryptococcalȱ antigenemiaȱandȱearlyȱmortalityȱduringȱantiretroviralȱtherapyȱinȱruralȱUganda.ȱ TropȱMedȱIntȱHealthȱ2007;12:929Ȭ35.ȱ
3.ȱ MeyaȱDB,ȱManabeȱYC,ȱCastelnuovoȱB,ȱetȱal.ȱCostȬeffectivenessȱofȱserumȱ cryptococcalȱantigenȱscreeningȱtoȱpreventȱdeathsȱamongȱHIVȬinfectedȱpersonsȱ withȱaȱCD4+ȱcellȱcountȱ<ȱorȱ=ȱ100ȱcells/microLȱwhoȱstartȱHIVȱtherapyȱinȱresourceȬ limitedȱsettings.ȱClinȱInfectȱDisȱ2010;51:448Ȭ55.ȱ
4.ȱ CastelnuovoȱB,ȱManabeȱYC,ȱKiraggaȱA,ȱKamyaȱM,ȱEasterbrookȱP,ȱKambuguȱA.ȱ CauseȬspecificȱmortalityȱandȱtheȱcontributionȱofȱimmuneȱreconstitutionȱ
inflammatoryȱsyndromeȱinȱtheȱfirstȱ3ȱyearsȱafterȱantiretroviralȱtherapyȱinitiationȱ inȱanȱurbanȱAfricanȱcohort.ȱClinȱInfectȱDisȱ2009;49:965Ȭ72.ȱ
5.ȱ RajasinghamȱR,ȱMeyaȱDB,ȱBoulwareȱDR.ȱIntegratingȱcryptococcalȱantigenȱ screeningȱandȱpreȬemptiveȱtreatmentȱintoȱroutineȱHIVȱcare.ȱJȱAcquirȱImmuneȱ DeficȱSyndrȱ2012;59:e85Ȭ91ȱȱ
6.ȱ CentersȱforȱDiseaseȱControlȱandȱPrevention.ȱLateȱHIVȱtestingȱȬȱ34ȱstates,ȱ1996Ȭ 2005.ȱMMWRȱMorbȱMortalȱWklyȱRepȱ2009;58:661Ȭ5.ȱ
7.ȱ WHO.ȱRapidȱadvice:ȱDiagnosis,ȱpreventionȱandȱmanagementȱofȱcryptococcalȱ diseaseȱinȱHIVȬinfectedȱadults,ȱadolescentsȱandȱchildren.ȱGeneva:ȱWorldȱHealthȱ Organization,ȱ2011.ȱ
8.ȱ KaplanȱJE,ȱBensonȱC,ȱHolmesȱKH,ȱBrooksȱJT,ȱPauȱA,ȱMasurȱH.ȱGuidelinesȱforȱ preventionȱandȱtreatmentȱofȱopportunisticȱinfectionsȱinȱHIVȬinfectedȱadultsȱandȱ adolescents:ȱrecommendationsȱfromȱCDC,ȱtheȱNationalȱInstitutesȱofȱHealth,ȱandȱ theȱHIVȱMedicineȱAssociationȱofȱtheȱInfectiousȱDiseasesȱSocietyȱofȱAmerica.ȱ MMWRȱRecommȱRepȱ2009;58:1Ȭ207.ȱ
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