A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF PHONEMES IN ENGLISH AND TOBA BATAK LANGUAGE
A THESIS
BY
TRI OKTAVIANI BR BAGARIANG
REG. NO. 110705033
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
Approved by the Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of
Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.
Head, Secretary,
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS
AUTHOR DECLARATION
I, TRI OKTAVIANI BR BAGARIANG, DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE
AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE
TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL
PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART
FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED
ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED
WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS
THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF
ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed :
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME : TRI OKTAVIANI BR BAGARIANG
TITLE OF THESIS : A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF PHONEMES
IN ENGLISH AND TOBA BATAK
LANGUAGE.
QUALIFICATION : S-1/ SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR
REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES,
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT
USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW
OF REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
Signed :
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
3. My dear siblings, Rumpo Sibagariang (sister), Yohana Sibagariang (Sister), Jurisen
Sibagariang (Brother), Desi Rinika Sibagariang (Sister), and Yohanes Sibagariang
Department, University of Sumatera Utara ; Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, Ph.D, as the
Secretary of English Department, University of Sumatera Utara.
5. Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA, as my Supervisor and Drs. Bahagia Tarigan, MA as
my Co-Supervisor who has guided me in accomplishing this paper. Thankyou
for your valuable ideas, times, and patients. God Bless you both.
6. I also would like to express my great gratitute to all lecturers in English Department
of Faculty of Cultural Studies that have given me knowledge about English for about
four years. Thank you very much.
7. My dear boyfriend, Daniel Bimbingan Limbong, ST who always motivates me
10.All my friends in English Department that i cannot mention one by one.
ABSTRAK
Skripsi ini berjudul Analisis Kontrastif Fonem pada bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Batak Toba. Skripsi ini menganalisisfonem-fonem vokal dan konsonan yang terdapat dalam bahasa Inggris dengan yang terdapat dalam bahasa Batak Tobakemudian membandingkannya untuk menemukan persamaan dan perbedaan fonem kedua bahasa tersebut.Fonem adalah unit terkecil dalam sebuah bahasa. Fonem juga diartikan sebagai pembeda karena meskipun satu huruf yang sama tetapi bisa saja memiliki bunyi fonem yang berbeda sehingga makna kata yang dihasilkan juga berbeda. Dalam thesis ini, penulis membandingkan fonem vokal berdasarkan tinggi rendahnya lidah, letak lidah dan bentuk bibir saat menghasilkan vokal tersebut, sedangkan fonem vokal dibandingkan berdasarkan tempat artikulasi, cara artikulasi dan bergetar atau tidak pada saat fonem konsonan tersebut dihasilkan.Skripsi ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dan penelitian perpustakaan, sehingga penulis menggunakan beberapa sumber data tertulis yang didapatkan dari perpustakaan dan dari internet dalam pengerjaan skripsi ini.
ABSTRACT
This thesis entitled A Contrastive Analysis of Phonemes beween English and Toba Batak Language.This thesis analyze what vowel and consonant phonemes are found in both English and Toba Batak Language and then contrasts them to find out the similarities and the differences between both languages. Phoneme is the small unit of a language. It can distinguish a speech sound. The same letter can have the difference phoneme that can cause the difference meaning of a word.In this thesis, the writer contrasts the vowel phonemes based on the height of tongue, the position of tongue and the sape of lips when pronouncing them, while consonant phonemes are contrasted based on the lace of articulation, manner of articulation and the voicing when pronouncing them.This thesis applies qualitative research and library research, so the writer found some written source data from library and internet in doing this thesis.
TABLE OF CONTENT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABSTRAK...i
ABSTRACT...ii
TABLE OF CONTENT...iii
Chapter I INTRODUCTION... 1
1.1. Background of The Study... 1
2.2. Definition of Phonology...10
2.3. Definition of Phoneme...10
2.3.1. Vowel...11
2.3.2. Consonant...12
2.4. English...13
Chapter III THE METHOD OF THE STUDY...14
3.1. The Research Method...14
3.2. The Data Collecting Method...14
3.3. The Data Analyzing Method...15
3.4. The Data Analysis...15
3.4.1. English Vowel Phonemes Chart...16
3.4.2. Toba Batak Vowel Phonemes Chart...16
3.5. Review of The Related Literature...17
Chapter IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS...19
4.1. Analysis ...19
4.1.1. The Description of Phonemes...19
4.1.1. 1. Consonant Phoneme...20
4.1.1.1.1. Place of Articulation...20
4.1.1.1.2. Manner of Articulation...24
4.1.1.1.3 Voicing...24
4.1.1.2. Vowel Phoneme...25
4.1.1.3. Diphthongs...25
4.1.2. English Phonemes...26
4.1.2.1. English Consonant Phoneme...26
4.1.2.2. English Vowel Phoneme...31
4.1.2.3. English Diphtongs...33
4.1.2.4. English Triphtongs...34
4.1.3. Toba Batak Phonemes...34
4.1.3.1. Toba Batak Consonant Phoneme...34
4.1.3.2. Toba Batak Vowel Phoneme...37
4.2. Findings...39
4.2.1. Vowel and Consonant Phonemes in English and Toba Batak...39
4.2.2. The Similarities of Vowels and Consonant Phoneme in English and Toba Batak Language...39
4.2.3. The Differences of Vowels and Consonant Phoneme in English and Toba Batak Language...40
Chapter V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1. Conclusion ...41
5.2. Suggestion...42
