CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF RELATIVE PRONOUN BETWEEN ENGLISH AND SIMALUNGUN LANGUAGE.

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ABSTRACT

Saragih, Rohmaita Fitriani. Contrastive Analysis of Relative Pronoun between English and Simalungun Language. A thesis, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan, 2012.

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CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF RELATIVE PRONOUN BETWEEN

ENGLISH AND SIMALUNGUN LANGUAGE

A THESIS

Submitted to the English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for

the Degree of Sarjana Sastra

BY:

ROHMAITA FITRIANI SARAGIH

Reg. Number: 082222810010

ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This thesis is aimed at fulfilling one of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra at the English Department , Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan (UNIMED)

All praise and gratitude unto Allah Swt , the Almighty and Merciful who has given her great affection and guidance in finishing her thesis “Contrastive Analysis of

Relative Pronoun between English and Simalungun Language.” His mercy and peace

are for the prophet Muhammad S.A.W who has brought us from the darkness to the lightness that is Islamic values of the Holy Qur’an to people all over the world.

The writer also would like to say thanks for many special people around her who supported within the process of working on this thesis. They are

• Prof.Dr. Ibnu Hazar Damanik, M.Si as the head of State University of Medan. • Dr.Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., as the dean of languages and arts faculty State

University of Medan.

• Prof.Dr.H.Sumarsih,M.Pd. as the head of English Department,

Dra.Rahmah,M.Hum as the secretary of English Department and Dr.Meisuri,M.A as the head of English Literature Department, thank you for

the wise and assistance in managing all the administrative process requirements.

• Drs.Willem Saragih,Dipl.Appl.,M.Pd, as her thesis advisor who has

consciously guided her in the entire process of the thesis writing with all of the constructive comments, which helped her makes this thesis more perfect.

• Her big family (Sijabat and Sitepu family) especially Her parents (S.Saragih and R.Sitepu), her brothers and sister ( Doni Irawan Saragih, Erik Pranata

Saragih, Ike Novela Saragih), thank you very much for every prayer, financial

support, sacrifice, moral support, far apart contribution, that is tolerance and understanding in completing this thesis.

• Her special friend (Bang Manik) thank you for prayer, motivation, the time, supports in prayer, love and suggestions.

• Her organization HIMAPSI, especially DPC HIMAPSI MEDAN and DPK

HIMAPSI UNIMED, thank you for supports and the advice.

• For her classmate, especially Mory Yana Gultom, Theresia Juntak, Wilda

Mahya Sari, Riahmawani Purba, Juli Damanik, and all Applied Linguistics

class A and B, Thank you for encouragement and motivation

• Her boarding home Family (Rini Susanti, Malem Poerbz, Rona, Mamay, kak

Melise, Elis, kak Fani, Ewin, Roy, Andri and Dedi and Eva ) thank you for

the motivation and advice.

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• For all of those who supported the writer during completing this thesis, thank you for the participation.

Finally, the writer admits that this thesis is still far from being perfect. any constructive comments from the readers will make this writing can provide a valuable contribution and the writer invite all of the readers to give more suggestions.

The writer,

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LIST OF TABLES

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LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX I : List of Questions 43

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. The Background of study

Language is purely important as a tool of communication. We, as human beings, need it as a medium of communication through which we express our emotions, ideas, feelings and thoughts to our fellow people. We, as the member of the society or social group, use language to convey our needs, desires, and everything what we want to express to the society. And also, it indicates the existence of human beings. It means that we, as human, cannot do our activities without using language. Whatever we do in this world, we use language to express our mind, for example: warning someone or requesting something, etc. We can also express it by using gesture or body movement, action, signal, and sound. Example: if we want to say “no” we can move our head from side to side. So, it can be concluded that language is the means of communication or sounds, signs, symbols that have meaning.

Comparing two languages is interesting to do because by that way we can find the differences and the similarities of them, including the function and the types. Language is one part of culture, which plays role in our lives. A language is created by the agreement with creativity of the people who live in certain places. Language is a system of sound used by human to communicate thoughts and feelings. There are many types of language in this world, they can be classified as international language, national language and local language based on their spread and scope of uses. Simalungun Language is one of local languages in Indonesia, especially around North Sumatera. Simalungunese use Simalungun Language in

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their daily conversation besides the national language. They use their local language in various ceremonies such as marriage, buried, and others.

Contrastive analysis is the systematic study of a pair of languages with a view to identifying their structural differences and the similarities. English and Simalungun Language are two different languages because they do not belong to the same family background. English belongs to the great Indo-European family. Whereas, Simalungun Language as a local language belongs to the Austronesian which is of one ethnic group languages in Indonesia. But all languages are similar in their basic structure. ( Wikipedia, 28 January 2012).

Nababan (2007) in her thesis A Contrastive Analysis Study Of Relative Pronoun in English and Batak Toba Language, she concludes that there are similarities and differences in some classification of Relative Pronoun Between English and Toba Language. They have similarities in class, meaning and the use of Relative Pronoun. The difference of both languages is the function of Relative Pronoun in Batak Toba language based on one part while in English in relative Pronoun based on five kinds and both Relative pronoun function as subject, possessive or object.

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B. The Problem of The Study

The problem of this study are :

1) What are the similarities of Relative Pronoun in both Languages?

2) What are the differences or Relative Pronoun in both Languages?

3) What are the differences of Relative pronoun between English and Simalungun Language as a subject, object and possessive functions based on the positions and form?

C. The Scope of The Study

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D. The Objective of The Study

1. To find out the differences of relative pronoun in both languages

2. To find out the similarities of relative pronoun in both languages

3. To find the similarities of relative pronoun in both languages as a subject, object, and possessive functions based on the positions and form.

E. The Significance of the Study

The result of this research will provide some informations and give some useful ideas for :

1. English Teachers or lecturer who wants to know Relative Pronoun deeply. It is hoped that this research will provide useful information for them. 2. The readers, will adding their information about contrastive analysis and

Relative pronoun in the two languages.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

A. Conclusions

After the data were analyzed, there are some similarities and differences of Relative Pronoun between English and Simalungun Language. they can be

concluded as below :

The Similarities:

1. Relative Pronoun in English and Simalungun Language has the same Position in a sentence, can be after the subject or before the object. 2. Relative pronoun in English and Simalungun Language have the same

form, Na can be used as Subject, Object, Prepositions and Possessive for people and Things.

3. It is possible to omit the Relative Pronoun in some certain sentences in English and Simalungun Language.

4. Relative pronoun in English and Simalungun Language has the same class as noun.

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The Differences:

1. Relative Pronouns in English are used based on their function. Who is used as subject and refers to human beings, whom is used as the object and refers to people, whose is used in reference to possession, which is used as the object and refers to things and that is used as subject or object.

Meanwhile relative pronoun in Simalungun language na can be used as subject, object and possession.

2. In English, the use of comma in Relative clause is important

meanwhile in Simalungun Language the use of comma will not change the meaning of a sentence.

B. Suggestions

Related with the conclusions above, suggestions are presented below: 1. By knowing the differences and the similarities of Relative Pronoun

between English and Simalungun Language for those who teach English in Simalungun regency, can make better learning strategy to overcome the problems in teaching English Relative Pronouns. 2. It is suggest to the readers to know the contrastive analysis and

Relative pronoun between two or more languages.

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