LAPORAN AKHIR INSENTIF PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN PENELITI DAN PEREKAYASA

KODE JUDUL : X.172

LAPORAN AKHIR

INSENTIF PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN PENELITI DAN PEREKAYASA

ADAPTASI BEBERAPA KLON KENTANG UNGGUL ASAL CIP

(INTERNATIONAL POTATO CENTER) DI DATARAN TINGGI

DAN PERSEPSI PETANI TERHADAP KUANTITAS

DAN KUALITAS HASIL

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

BADAN PENELITIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN PERTANIAN

Peneliti/ Perekayasa :

1. Dr. Nikardi Gunadi

2. Ir. Asih Kartasih Karjadi

3. Sirajuddin, SP.

INSENTIF PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN PENELITI DAN PEREKAYASA

KEMENTERIAN RISET DAN TEKNOLOGI

LEMBAR IDENTITAS DAN PENGESAHAN

Judul Kegiatan

Adaptasi Beberapa Klon Kentang Unggul Asal

CIP (International Potato Center) di Dataran

Tinggi dan Persepsi Petani Terhadap Kuantitas

dan Kualitas Hasil

Fokus Bidang Prioritas

1. Teknologi Pangan

2. Teknologi Kesehatan dan Obat

3. Teknologi Enerji

4. Teknologi Transportasi

5. Teknologi Informatika dan Komunikasi

6. Teknologi Pertahanan dan Keamanan

7. Teknologi Material

Kode Produk Target

1.2.

Kode Kegiatan

1.02.01

Lokasi Penelitian

Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan

Penelitian Tahun ke

1 (satu)

Keterangan Lembaga Pelaksana/ Pengelola Penelitian

A. Lembaga Pelaksanaan Penelitian

Nama Peneliti Utama

Dr. Nikardi Gunadi

Nama Lembaga/ Institusi

Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran

Unit Organisasi

Kementerian Pertanian

Alamat

Jl. Tangkuban Perahu No. 517, Lembang,

Bandung Barat 40391

Telepon/ HP

022-2786245/ 08122052271

Faksimile

022-2786416

B. Lembaga lain yang terlibat

Nama Pimpinan

Ir. Firdaus Hasan, MS

Nama Lembaga

UPTD Balai Proteksi Tanaman Pangan dan

Hortikultura Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan

Alamat

Jl. dr. Sam Ratulangi No. 69, Maros 90511,

Sulawesi Selatan

Telepon/ HP

0411-371593/ 0811462025

Faksimile

-

e-mail

-

Jangka Waktu Kegiatan

: 8 (delapan) bulan

B i a y a

: Rp. 150.000.000,-

Menyetujui :

Pj. Kepala Balai Penelitian

Tanaman Sayuran,

Peneliti Utama,

Dr. Liferdi, SP., MSi

NIP 19701007 199803 1 001

Dr. Nikardi Gunadi

NIP. 19560531 198503 1 001

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the important vegetable commodity

which is included in the horticultural sub-sector in Indonesia. The potato has also

been selected as the priority crop in the strategic plan of research and development

program of the Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

(ICHORD), the Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

(IAARD) in Indonesia, due to its potential as the alternative source of carbohydrate in

food diversification and export commodity. The main potato variety since the 1980’s

is Granola which covers 80 to 85% of the potato area in Indonesia. Although variety

Granola is susceptible to late blight (Phytophthora infestans), the moderate resistance

to PLRV and PVY of Granola appear to have contributed in causing that this variety

is grown by most farmers until now in Indonesia. Late blight is the main potato

disease especially in the rainy season. Excessive use of fungicides (up to 20 times

applications) in one growing period was noted. However, with the recent

development which is focused on the food safety and the environmental friendly

cultivation, it is required the potato varieties which are resistance to the important

disease such as late blight so that it can reduce the use of fungicide and safe to be

consumed due to the low pesticide residue. Besides, the demand of processing

potato for food industry is increasing recently especially for potato chips. As in the

other potato production countries, until recently potato breeding research in

Indonesia has not had much success in developing new potato cultivars or varieties

that are widely adopted by farmers. Potato breeding is a long term commitment. For

example, in temperate countries it is estimated that it takes about 10 years to

develop a potato variety from hybridization to variety release. In a tropical country,

the variety development time span may be shortened as more than one potato

season can be planted in a year, but still it may be taking about 5 to 7 years. In order

to shorten the time in obtaining a new potato variety, the introduction method of new

potato clones from the International Potato Center (CIP) need to be included in the

potato development program

.

It appears that new potato variety in Indonesia should

be comparable to the widely grown variety Granola, in its wide adaptability, its high

total and marketable yield and early tuber bulking.

The research aims at evaluating the new potato advanced clones introduced

by the International Potato Center (CIP) in order to obtain several potato clones

which have high tuber yields, either for table potato or processing potato, suitable

with farmer’s needs and conditions so that will be sustainable widely adopted by

farmers. The experiment was conducted in a farmer’s land in Pattapang village (1500

m asl.), Tinggimoncong sub-district, Gowa district, South Sulawesi from April to

September 2012. Twenty new potato advanced clones and two varieties i.e. Granola

and Atlantic as control were evaluated using randomized complete block design with

three replications. In this research, potato farmers were involved to evaluate the

advanced potato clones both at growing period and at harvest. Experimental unit was

consisted of three rows of ten plants with planting distance of 0.75 m x 3.0 m.

Therefore the total number of potato plants was 30 per plot. All other methods were

followed the Standard Evaluation Test (SET) developed by CIP.

The research activities were initiated by coordination with the researchers

from the Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (AIAT) and the Institute for

Food and Horticultural Crop Protection (IFHP) in South Sulawesi province, in order

to select the research location, discuss the activities in the field and also the

research assistant. The growth parameters and disease observations were collected

by the research assistant and the researcher involved in the project. All other

observations such as yield components at harvest and the data of farmers’

evaluation concerning the potato advanced clones were done by the principle

researcher and other researcher. In general, there was no specific constraint or

problem in conducting the experiment. The strong wind occurred when the potato

plants at eight weeks after planting probably could be concerned as the problem.

This strong wind including fog with the high humidity in the research location caused

the physical damage of most of the potato plants. This condition was also caused

most of the potato plants were attacked by late blight (Phytophthora infestans).

Some potato advanced clones which were relatively resistance to late blight, were

not damage with this condition. Other constraints included the relatively distant of the

research location, caused the difficulties in intensive monitoring and observation.

The total budget for the research was Rp. 150.000.000,- (one hundred fifty

million rupiah) which was allocated for researchers/ assistants honorarium and

labour costs 40.9%, materials 16.1%, travel costs 35.8% and other operational costs

7.2%. The budget was managed by the Research Collaboration Division at the

Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (IVEGRI), and given to the researcher in

The results indicated that three potato clones i.e. 393708.31, 388615.22, and

397079.6 gave higher tuber yields per ha which were significantly differed with those

of other potato clones evaluated and cv. Granola, the potato variety commonly

grown by most farmers in Indonesia. In terms of tuber yields per plant, potato clone

393708.31 showed highest tuber yield per plant (866 g) per plant, which did not

significantly differed with those of potato clones 388615.22, 397006.18 and

397079.6, but differed significantly with those of other potato clones evaluated in the

experiment. Eight potato clones i.e. 388615.22, 393708.31, 388972.22, 397006.18,

397069.5, 397079.6, 399101.1 and 392822.3, were selected by potato farmers,

either at the growing period and/or at harvest. It is suggested that these clones

should be further evaluated in different sites and seasons in order to confirm their

superiority.

Twenty potato advanced clones from CIP evaluated this year were stored in

a farmer’s storage for tuber seeds to be evaluated in the subsequent season in order

to confirm their superiority. The potato advanced clones selected will be multiplied

and developed by a potato seed producer in the area and therefore it is not

necessary for the potato farmers in the area to buy the potato seeds from the long

distance potato area.

With the new potato clones obtained from the research, it is expected that

the farmers have more alternative potato clones in their potato production system.

Beside,

with the new potato clones tolerance to late blight which is caused by

Phytophthora infestans

,

obtained from the research, it is also hoped that the use of

pesticide especially fungicides may be reduced so that it is safe for consumption and

the environment. The selected potato clones will be multiplied and developed also

for other potato area and will be released as new potato varieties.