KARYA TULIS AKHIR
PENGARUH EKSTRAK BIJI ANGGUR (Vitis vinifera) VAR Alphonso Lavallee TERHADAP FUNGSI GINJAL MENCIT JANTAN (Mus musculus)
MODEL HIPERURISEMIA
Oleh Mira Wiji Lestari 201310330311100
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG 2017
KATA PENGANTAR
Assalamu‟alaikum Warahmatullah Wabarakatuh
Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT yang Maha Pengasih lagi Maha Penyayang karena atas rahmat dan hidayah-Nya penulis dapat menyelesaikan karya tulis akhir ini dengan baik. Shalawat serta salam selalu tercurahkan kepada Rasulullah Muhammad SAW, keluarga dan para sahabat yang telah berjasa membawa syiar dakwah Islam keseluruh dunia.
Penelitian tugas akhir ini berjudul “Pengaruh Ekstrak Biji Anggur (Vitis
vinifera) var Alphonso lavellee Terhadap Ginjal Mencit Jantan (Mus musculus)
Model Hiperurisemia” diajukan untuk memenuhi persyaratan Pendidikan Sarjana Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.
Penulis menyadari bila tugas akhir ini masih jauh dari kata sempurna, oleh karena itu, penulis membuka diri untuk segala saran dan kritik yang bersifat membangun guna kesempurnaan dari karya tulis akhir ini. Semoga karya tulis ini dapat menambah wawasan keilmuan dan bermanfaat bagi semua pihak.
Wassalamu‟alaikum Warahmatullah Wabarakatuh
Malang, Februari 2017
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL ... i
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ... ii
PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ... iii
LEMBAR PENGUJIAN ... iv KATA PENGANTAR ... v UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH ... vi ABSTRAK ... viii ABSTRACT ... ix DAFTAR ISI ... x
DAFTAR TABEL ... xiv
DAFTAR GAMBAR ... xv
DAFTAR SINGKATAN ... xvi
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ... xvii
BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN ... 1 1.1 Latar Belakang ... 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah ... 3 1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ... 3 1.3.1 Tujuan umum ... 3 1.3.2 Tujuan khusus ... 3 1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ... 3
BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ... 5
2.1.1 Definisi ... 5
2.1.2 Metabolisme Asam Urat ... 6
2.2 Asam Urat dan Hubungannya dengan Disfungsi Ginjal ... 8
2.3 Induksi Hiperurisemia ... 15
2.4 Tanaman Anggur (Vitis vinivera) ... 16
2.4.1 Taksonomi ... 16
2.4.2 Deskripsi tanaman anggur ... 16
2.4.3 Kandungan, manfaat, dan kelebihan biji anggur ... 17
2.4.4 Deskripsi tanaman anggur varietas Alphonso lavallee ... 21
2.5 Mencit ... 23
2.6 Kreatinin ... 26
BAB 3 KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL DAN HIPOTESIS PENELITIAN ... 28
3.1 Kerangka Konseptual Penelitian ... 28
3.2 Hipotesis Peneliti ... 30
BAB 4 METODE PENELITIAN ... 31
4.1 Jenis dan Rancangan Penelitian ... 31
4.2 Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian ... 31
4.3 Populasi dan Sampel ... 31
4.3.1 Populasi ... 31
4.3.2 Sampel ... 31
4.3.4 Teknik pengambilan sampel ... 33
4.4 Karakteristik sampel penelitian ... 33
4.5 Variabel penelitian ... 34
4.6 Definisi Operasional ... 34
4.7 Alat dan Bahan Penelitian ... 35
4.8 Prosedur Penelitian ... 36
4.8.1 Dasar penentuan dosis ... 36
4.8.2 Pembagian kelompok tikus ... 37
4.8.3 Adaptasi hewan percobaan ... 38
4.8.4 Pemberian kalium oksonat ... 38
4.8.5 Pembuatan ekstrak biji anggur ... 38
4.8.6 Pemberian ekstrak biji anggur ... 39
4.8.7 Proses anastesi dan pengambilan sampel darah ... 39
4.8.8 Pengukuran kadar serum ureum dan kreatinin ... 40
4.9 Alur Penelitian ... 41
4.10 Analisis Data ... 42
4.11 Jadwal Penelitian ... 43
BAB 5 HASIL PENELITIAN DAN ANALISIS DATA ... 44
5.1 Hasil Penelitian ... 44
5.2 Analisis Data ... 45
5.2.2 Uji One way ANOVA ... 45
5.2.3 Uji Post hoc (Bonferroni) ... 46
5.2.4 Uji Regresi Linier... 46
BAB 6 PEMBAHASAN ... 48
BAB 7 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ... 55
7.1 Kesimpulan ... 55
7.2 Saran ... 55
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran Halaman
1. Hasil penelitian kadar kreatinin serum mencit ... 61
2. Analisis data ... 62
3. Dokumentasi penelitian ... 68
4. Surat determinasi tanaman ... 70
5. Surat kelayakan etik ... 71
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