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s swhoalway ssuppor tandr emindmet o ifnishmyt hesis , Ithankthem .
h c u m y r e v
k n a h t o t e k il o s l a d l u o w
I al l o fmy bes t f irend sin Eng ilsh Language m
a r g o r P y d u t S n o it a c u d
E especially Meilssa Prastowo ,Leo ,Sedik ,Tau ifk , n
a o Y , e v il O , a ti D , a ti V , s a m o h
T ,Ayuni and Yaya fo rwonderfu l itme we spend t o n n a c I t a h t m a r g o r P y d u t S n o it a c u d E h s il g n E n i s d n e ir f y m l l a o s l A . r e h t e g o t
, e n o y b e n o n o it n e
m I t hank t hem verymuch .Last , Ialso want t o t hank mysel ft o .
s i s e h t e h t h s i n if o t g n it h g if p e e
k Fo rallt hepeoplewhomI l ove ,mayGodalway sgive s
s e n i p p a
h .
x
S T N E T N O C F O E L B A T
E G A P E L T I
T ... i L
A V O R P P
A PAGES ... ii ’
K R O W F O T N E M E T A T
S SORIGINALITY ... i v R
E P R A B M E
L NYATAANPERSETUJUANPUBLIKAS I................................ v E
G A P N O I T A C I D E
D ... i v T
C A R T S B
A ... v i i K
A R T S B
A ....................................................................................................... v iii S
T N E M E G D E L W O N K C
A ... i x S
T N E T N O C F O E L B A
T ... x
N O I T C U D O R T N I I R E T P A H C
.
A Backgroundoft heStudy ... 1 .
B Objecitveoft heStudy ... 3 .
C ProblemFormulaiton ... 4 .
D Benefti soft heStudy ... 4 .
E De ifniitono fTerms ... 4
E R U T A R E T I L D E T A L E R F O W E I V E R I I R E T P A H C
.
A Reviewo fRelatedTheo ires... 6 1 Theoryo fC iritca lApproach ... 7 2 Theoryo fCharacte r... 9 3 Theoryo fCharacte irzaiton ... 1 0 4 Theoryo fMoitvaiton... 11
)
a De ifniitono fmoitvaiton ... 11 )
b Humanmoitves ... 13 .
B Contex to fTheNovel ... 15 .
i x Y
G O L O D O H T E M I I I R E T P A H C
.
A Objec toft heStudy ... 1 8 .
B Approachoft heStudy ... 1 9 .
C Methodo fTheStudy ... 1 9
S I S Y L A N A V I R E T P A H C
.
A TheDesc irpiton fo Antoinette’ sCharacte r ... 21 .
B TheSurfaceandTheDeepe rMeaningtheEffec to f e tt e n i o t n A t s n i a g A d e t c u d n o C t n e m t a e r T l e u r C e h
T ... 32
1 TheEffec toft heCrue lTreatmen tConducted
Agains tAntoinette t(hes urface) ... .... 32 2 Theeffec toft heCrue lTreatmen tConducted
Agains tAntoinette t(hedeeper) ... 3 7
S N O I T S E G G U S D N A S N O I S U L C N O C V R E T P A H C
.
A Conclusio ns ... 40 .
B Suggesiton s... 41 R
e r u t u F e h t r o f n o it s e g g u S .
1 esearchers... 41 g
n i h c a e T e h t f o n o it a t n e m e l p m I e h t r o f n o it s e g g u S .
2
s s e c o r P g n i n r a e
L ... 41
S E C N E R E F E
R ... 44 S
E C I D N E P P
1 I R E T P A H C
N O I T C U D O R T N I
a p e v if f o s t s i s n o c r e t p a h c s i h
T trs .The f ris tpatr i s t heBackground of t heStudy ,
e h T . y d u t s s i h t f o a t a d y r a m ir p e h t s a k o o b e h t g n i s o o h c f o n o s a e r e h t g n it a t
s second
. y d u t s s i h t f o e s o p r u p n i a m e h t s e t a r o b a l e h c i h w y d u t S e h t f o s e v it c e j b O s
i Thethrid
n o it a l u m r o F m e l b o r P e h t s i tr a
p tha tcontain squesitonst obeansweredast hef ocu so f
. y d u t s s i h
t The fou trh i sBenefti so fthe Study tha tcontain the advantage so fthi s
d n a t s r e d n u o t s r e d a e r p l e h l li w t a h t s m r e T f o n o it i n if e D s i tr a p t s a l e h t d n a y d u t
s thi s
.r e tt e b s i s e h t
.
A Backgroundoft hes tudy
, n o s d u H ( e g a u g n a l f o m u i d e m h g u o r h t e fi l f o n o i s s e r p x e n a s i e r u t a r e ti L
t c e p s a n a m u h f o s d n i k e m o s s t n e s e r p e r u t a r e ti L . ) 0 1 : 0 6 9
1 s o flfie such a shistory ,
t e g n a c e w , s k r o w y r a r e ti l g n i d a e r y B . e r o m y n a m d n a y t e i c o s , l a r o m , y g o l o h c y s p
e l e m o
s sson sofl fiewhicharecloselyr elatedt ohumanaspect sofl fie .There aret wo
e h t r o f y ll a i c e p s E . s t c e p s a l a i c o s d n a l a u d i v i d n i y l e m a n , e fi l n a m u h f o s t c e p s a
y ti l a n o s r e p d n a s e g n a h c l a c i s y h p h ti w d e n r e c n o c e r a y e h t , s t c e p s a l a u d i v i d n i
a m u h f o t n e m p o l e v e
d nl fie .
r p a s i ti e c n i s e fi l l a e r e h t m o r f d e t a r a p e s e b t o n n a c k r o w y r a r e ti l
A esenta itono f
a n e m o n e h p e h
t tha thappen int he wo lrdseenf rom f rist poin to fview.I n f act ,every
l a u d i v i d n i e h t n o r e h ti e t c e f f e s ti s a h e fi l s i h t n i s n e p p a h t a h t n o n e m o n e h p r o t n e v e
a e S o s s a g r a S e d i
W contains many lesson swhich can also improve ou rreading
h c ir n e d n a s ll i k
s ou rvocabula ires ,sincei tha sva ireddiciton.I nt hi snove,lJ eanRhy s
o t n e v ir d n e e b e v a h y a m r e t c a r a h c e l a m e f n i a m e h t w o h l e v o n r e h n i w o h s o t t u o s t e s
e h t y b s s e n d a
m cruel rteatmentsf romher f amliy ,husbandandenvrionmen.tI n Wide
a e S o s s a g r a
S ,Antoinette Cosway i nhe r rteatmen tpe irod ha ssigni ifcan tchange sby
e h s , r e v o e r o M . t n e m n o ri v n e d n a d n a b s u h , y li m a f r e h h ti w s e c n e ir e p x e r e
h tells he r
w y lr a e l c s g n il e e f d n a s t h g u o h t r e h , s e c n e ir e p x
e hich make the reader sfeel t hat t hey
r o t s e h t n i d e v l o v n i e r
a y .Wide Sargasso Sea ha swon several l tierary award swhich
y r a r e ti l s ’ s h y R n a e J e s o o h c I , s h t g n e rt s s ti f o e s u a c e B . g n i d a e r h tr o w s i ti t a h t e v o r p
. y d u t s y m f o e c r u o s y r a m ir p e h t s a k r o w
t s n i d e t s e r e t n i m a
I udying thi snove lbecause o fthe conten tand w iritng style .
n o it c e j e r e h t n e h w n o it i d n o c e h t d n a n o it a u ti s e h t t u o b a s e b ir c s e d y lr a e l c l e v o n e h T
d n
a cruel rteatmen treally affec tthe individua lin ti .In thi scase Antoinette a sthe
r e t c a r a h c n i a
m is r ejected by t hef amliyand envrionment .Those problems i n lfuence
. e fi l s ’ e tt e n i o t n A
t e s l e v o n e h
T s in nineteenth century and there are three pa trs .The fris tpar ti s
, r e t s e h c o R y b d e t a r r a n s i tr a p d n o c e s e h T . r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t , e tt e n i o t n A y b d e t a r r a n
whoi sAntoinette’ shusband .Thenarratorsoft het hridpar tareAntoinetteandGrace
e v i g e tt e n i o t n A t u o b a l l e t o h w s r o t a r r a n t n e r e f fi D . e l o o
P m e morei nformaiton abou t
e h t t u o b a s i y d u t s s i h t f o c i p o t e h t , e li h w n a e M . r e t c a r a h c s ’ e tt e n i o t n
A effec to fcrue l
s t n e m t a e
n e u lf n i t a h t s r o t c a
f ce one’ spersonal tiy .Those factor scan come from famliy and
. t n e m n o ri v n e
e h s , e m it e fi l r e h g n ir u D . 0 3 8 1 e l d d i m e h t n i a c i a m a J n i s e v il y a w s o C e tt e n i o t n A
t u o d n a e d i s n i m o r f h t o b t n e m t a e rt s e c a
f sidet hehouse .Sincet hedeath o fherf ather ,
. e r r e i P , n o s k c i s r e h h ti w d e s s e s b o s i o h w r e h t o m r e h y b d e r o n g i s i e tt e n i o t n A
a s w o r h t d n a s s e r d r e h s l a e t s ,r e h s e v a e l r e t a l o h w , a i T , d n e ir f e n o s a h y l n o e tt e n i o t n A
a s e v o l o h w n o s r e p y l n o e h T . r e h t a e n o t
s nd care sabou the ri sCh irstophine ,he r
e v a s t o n n a c c i g a m s ’ e n i h p o t s ir h C , y ll a c i n o rI . c i g a m s e c it c a r p e n i h p o t s ir h C . t n a v r e s
e h t f o e s u a c e b m o d e e r f r e h d n a y e n o m r e h , e m a n r e h , s s e n i p p a h r e
h cruel rteatmen t
il r e h s t a e rt d n a s e t a l u p i n a m o h w d n a b s u h r e h m o r
f fe .Howhe rmothe rrteats he rha s
n a c if i n g i s n e v i
g ti n lfuencest oherl fie.
e l p o e p n o m m o c r o
F ,famliy stli lbecome sthe fris tsocia lfacto rin lfuencing
e fi l s ’l a u d i v i d n
i . So , fo r a kind o f person ilke Antoinette , who neve r make s
,s r e h t o e h t o t n o it a s r e v n o
c famliywli lplayi mpo trantr olet owardhe rl . fie
.
B Objec itve soft heStudy
e e s o t s i y d u t s e h t f o m i a e h
T theeffec to fcrue lrteatmen to nAntoinetteCosway ,
s y h R n a e J n i n e e s s a r e n w o ’ s e v a l s e h t f o r e t h g u a d e h
.
C ProblemFormula iton
t e r a e r e h t , e v o b a n o it a m r o f n i e h t g n i d r a g e
R w o quesitons t o be discussed i n t hi s
: y d u t s
.
1 Howi sAntoinette ,oneoft hemaincharactersi nt henovel ,desc irbed?
.
2 Whati st heeffec toft hecrue lrteatmen to nAntoinette?
.
D TheBene if toft heStudy
e h t e t a g it s e v n i o t s i y d u t s e h t f o t if e n e b e h
T effect o fpeople cruel rteatment s
s ’ e tt e n i o t n A d r a w o
t lfie .Byr eadingt his t hesi ,st her eader sespeciallythestudent so f
b n a m u h w o h w o n k y a m m a r g o r P y d u t S n o it a c u d E e g a u g n a L h s il g n
E e s ing d ealwtih
t eh i rsurroundingsandacitons ythe didi nordert oachievecompletenes .sI talsodeal s
l a u d i v i d n i n a h ti
w ’ sunhappyl fie.Beside ,st hes tudent swhowantt oanalyzet hes ame
n e r e f fi d a e v a h o t e c n e r e f e r a s a y d u t s s i h t e s u n a c k r o w y r a r e ti
l tperspecitveo fti .
.
E De ifni itonoft heTerms .
1 Cruel
t a h w y d u t s s i h t n I . g n ir e f f u s r o n i a p e s u a c t a h t n o it c a r i a f n u e h t s i l e u r
C I meanby
s n o it c a e s o h t e r a l e u r
c onAntoinette Coswayt ha tcausepain o rsuffe irng .Antoinette
t n e m t a e rt l e u r c e c n e ir e p x
e fromhe rmother ;shedoe sno tcare abou tAntoinettesince
d n a k c a l b ( d n u o r a e l p o e p m o r f t n e m t a e rt l e u r c s t e g o s l a e tt e n i o t n A . h t a e d s ’ r e h t a f r e h
r e h s i t s r o w e h t d n a ) e l p o e p e ti h
.
2 Treatment
s i h t n I . g n i h t r o n o s r e p a h ti w g n il a e d r o s d r a w o t g n i v a h e b f o y a w a s i t n e m t a e r T
t n e m t a e rt l e u r c r o d a b o t s r e f e r t n e m t a e rt y d u t
s on Antoinette Cosway ,she badly
t a e
rt e dbypeoplearoundandmakeherl fiei sf ul lo fmiseryandunhappyexpeirence.
.
3 Slave
s i e v a l
S a person who owned bysomeone and having no freedom o faciton.
l e u r c a s i fl e s ti e v a l
S and unusua lpunishmen tnoone should eve rdeserve.Theyl os t
e h t f o r e t h g u a d e h t s i e tt e n i o t n A . s e v l e s m e h t r e d n e r r u s d n a e c n a t s i s e r f o r e w o p e h t
’ s e v a l
s owne rwho ilve sa tCoulibr inea rSpanishTown,J amaica.W tiht hepassageo f
. d e n i u r y ll a i c n a n if s i y li m a f e h t , r e h t a f r e h f o h t a e d e h t d n a t c A n o it a p i c n a m E e h t
. d n a l s i e h t n o s e it i n u m m o c e ti h w d n a k c a l b e h t h t o b y b d e z i c a rt s o e r a y e h t ,r e v o e r o M
k c a l b e h
T communtiy despise sthem fo rbeing forme rslaveholders ,and the whtie
’ s e v a l s e h t r e t h g u a d e h t s A . r o o p e r a y e h t e s u a c e b m e h t n o n w o d s k o o l y ti n u m m o c
s e v a l s k c a l b e h t e s u a c e b g n o l a t e g o t e c n a h c h g u o n e t e g t o n s e o d e tt e n i o t n A , r e n w o
6 I I R E T P A H C
E R U T A R E T I L D E T A L E R F O W E I V E R
In carrying ou tthi sstudy , Ipresen tsome theo ire swhich are relevan tto the
s i e n o t s ri f e h T . s tr a p n i a m e e r h t f o s t s i s n o c r e t p a h c s i h T . l e v o n e h t f o s i s y l a n a
s i d ri h t e h t d n a k o o b e h t f o t x e t n o c s i e n o d n o c e s e h T . s e ir o e h t d e t a l e r f o w e i v e r
l a c it e r o e h
T Framework.I nt her eviewofr elated t heory , Igiveab ire fexplanaiton
f o n o it p ir c s e d e h t s e v i g k o o b e h t f o t x e t n o C . y d u t s y m t r o p p u s t a h t s e ir o e h t e h t f o
n i g n it t e s e h
t Wide Sargasso Sea wh lie Theoreitca lframework give sa b ire f s
e ir o e h t e h t t u o b a y r a m m u
s thati susedi nmys tudy .
.
A Reviewo fRelatedTheories
n i d e s u e b n a c h c i h w s w e i v e r d n a s e ir o e h t e m o s s t n e s e r p n o it c e s s i h T
. k r o w y r a r e ti l a g n i z y l a n
a Ihave two problems in thi sstudy .Psychologica l
. s m e l b o r p o w t e h t g n ir e w s n a n i d e s u e b l li w h c a o r p p
a Beside sthat ,theory o f
f o n o it p ir c s e d r a e l c a t u o d n if o t d e s u e r a n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c d n a r e t c a r a h c
f o r e w s n a e h t tr o p p u s o T . r e w s n a e h t tr o p p u s o t r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t s a e tt e n i o t n A
f o s e ir o e h t , m e l b o r p d n o c e s e h
t moitvaiton are used to ifnd ou tthe surfaceand
t n e m t a e rt l e u r c e h t f o t c e f f e e h t r e p e e
s l o rt n o c t a h t t i a rt y ti l a n o s r e p f o e n o s a w o g e r e p u s e h T . o g e r e p u s e h t s i
if l e s n i n o it a p i c it r a
p sh o r sefl-centered acitviites . A s the las t componen t o f
r a p t n a tr o p m i y r e v s d l o h o g e r e p u s , y ti l a n o s r e
p t .Thi scomponen to fpersonaltiy
r o t h g ir f o e s n e s a d li u b , t n e m g d u j e k a m o t e l b a e b o t g n i e b n a m u h s e d i v o r p
. o g e e h t t a h w s t c a o g e r e p u s e h t n e h t o g e e h t o t s e s l u p m i s e v i g d i e h t e c n i S . g n o r w
.) 9 2 2 . p (
.
2 Theoryo fCharacter
e m e l e t n a tr o p m i e r a s r e t c a r a h
C nt so fa ifciton. M .H .Abramsi nhi sbook ,A s
m r e T y r a r e ti L f o y r a s s o l
G , point soutt ha tcharacter saret heperson spresented g n i e b s a s r e d a e r e h t y b d e t e r p r e t n i e r a o h w , k r o w e v it a r r a n r o c it a m a r d a n i
a t a h t s e it il a u q n o it i s o p s i d d n a l a r o m h ti w d e w o d n
e re expressed in wha tthey
y a
s - thedialogue- andbywhatt heydo-theaciton s( .p 20) .
l a n o it o m e d n a l a n o it i s o p s i d , l a r o m g n i v a h s a d e t e r p r e t n i s i r e t c a r a h c e h T
. M . E o t g n i d r o c c A . y r o t s e h t n i s g o l a i d r i e h t d n a n o it c a r i e h t h g u o r h t s e it il a u q
r e t s o
F (1927) in Aspect soft heNovel,therearet wo catego ire so fcharacters .The r e t c a r a h c d n u o r A . r e d a e r e h t e s ir p r u s o t e l b a p a c s i h c i h w , r e t c a r a h c d n u o r s i t s ri f
. y ti r a il u c e p e lt b u s h ti w d e t n e s e r p e r d n a n o it a v it o m d n a t n e m a r e p m e t x e l p m o c s a h
a c if i s s a l c d n o c e s e h
T itoni s lfa tcharacter .Thist ypeo fcharacteri sbuli tarounda
i s a n i d e b ir c s e d e b n a c r e t c a r a h c f o e p y t s i h t , s u h T . y ti l a u q r o a e d i e l g n i
s ngle
. p ( . e c n e t n e s r o e s a r h
3 Theoryo fCharacteriza iton
) 2 7 9 1 ( y h p r u M . J.
M suggest snine way sin which the autho rattempt sto
. r e d a e r s i h r o f e k il e fi l d n a e l b a d n a t s r e d n u s r e t c a r a h c s i h e k a
m (pp .161-173) .
.s w o ll o f s a d e s s u c s i d e r a r e t c a r a h c a e z ir e t c a r a h c o t s y a w e n i n e s o h T
)
1 Persona ldescirpiton .In thi sway Icharacte irze the characte rby seeing a
c a r a h
c terf romhi sphysica lappearance ilkehi sbulid ,hisf ace ,hi sskin ,hi s
. s e h t o l c s i h r o r i a h s i h , s e y e
)
2 Anothe rcharacte rpoin to fviewo rcharacte rass eenbyanother .Acharacte r
ir c s e d o t s n o i n i p o d n a s e y e s ’ r e t c a r a h c r e h t o n a h g u o r h t d e z y l a n a e b n a
c be
t a h t r e t c a r a h c e h
t Iwanttoexpose .
)
3 Character’ sspeech .Ther eader scan haveanopinion aboutt hecharacte rby
e h t e e s o s l a n a c r e d a e r e h T . h c e e p s s ’ r e t c a r a h c e h t n o n o it n e tt a g n i y a p
h s r o e h y a w e h t ; d e v l o v n i s i r e t c a r a h c e h t h c i h w n i n o it a s r e v n o
c egive shi s
.r e t c a r a h c e h t f o y ti l a n o s r e p e h t w o h s o s l a y a m n o i n i p o r e h r o
)
4 Character’ spastl fie .Ther eader saremadeknown somei mpo tran tcluest o
t c e ri d s ’ r o h t u a e h t y b d e b ir c s e d e b n a c t I . r e t c a r a h c e h t t u o b a w o n k o t t e g
t c a r a h c e h t h g u o r h t , t n e m m o
c er’ s thoughts , through the character’ s
. n o s r e p r e h t o n a f o m u i d e m e h t h g u o r h t r o , n o it a s r e v n o c
)
5 Conversaitono fothers;t her eader scan gett oknowacharactert hrough t he
. m i h t u o b a y a s y e h t s g n i h t e h t d n a e l p o e p r e h t o f o s n o it a s r e v n o c
)
6 Character’ sreacitons t o vairou sstiuaiton sand events ,an autho rshow shi s
e h t t u o b a e u l c a s r e d a e r e h t s e v i g y c n e d n e t s i h t d n a , y c n e d n e t s ’ r e t c a r a h c
)
7 Author’ sdriec tcommen tanddescirpitonont hecharacte.rI nt hi swayt here
u i d e m o n s
i m the autho rused to characteirze the character .The autho r
. r e t c a r a h c e h t n o t n e m m o c s e v i g o s l a d n a r e t c a r a h c e h t s e b ir c s e d y lt c e ri d
)
8 Thought .Theauthors howst hecharacter’ spersonaltiybyl etitngt her eader s
a h c e h t f o t h g u o h t t s e p e e d e h t d n a t s r e d n
u racteri nanove.l
)
9 Manneirsm .The autho rshows t he personailite soft hecharacte rby staitng
t e g o t r e d a e r e h t p l e h n a c t i t a h t o s , s ti b a h d n a s e r u t s e g s ’ r e t c a r a h c e h t
.s e it il a n o s r e p r e t c a r a h c e h t o t r e s o l c
.
4 Theoryo fMo itva iton
y d u t s s i h t ,r e v e w o H . s t s ir o e h t y b d e t a t s n o it a v it o m f o s e p y t y n a m e r a e r e h T
d n a t n e m e v e i h c a n o s e s u c o f y l n
o af ifilaitve moitve proposed by David
. d n a ll e l C c M
.
a Deifni itono fMo itva iton
ll e n n o C c M o t g n i d r o c c
A ,moitvaiton o irginally come sfrom the Laitn word
” e v o m o t “ g n i n a e m ” e t a v it o m
“ -i sde ifned in many dfiferen tways ,the mos t
,l e e f , k n i h t e l p o e p y h w t u o b a k s a u o y t a h t s n o it s e u q f o s e ir e s a s i e n o n o m m o c
y a r r u M . ) 9 5 2 . p ( . o d y e h t s a e v a h e b d n
a disitnguishe smoitvaiton from t heothe r
lf n i o s l a t a h t s r o t c a
f uencebehavior ,such as t hepas texpeirenceo fa person, t he
s d n if n o s r e p a h c i h w n i n o it a u ti s l a t n e m n o ri v n e e h t d n a , s e it il i b a p a c l a c i s y h p
.f l e s m i
h (p .7 .)
y r e v e n i e s u a c a s i e r e h t t a h t s e m u s s a t i n o it a v it o m t u o b a g n i k l a t e r a e w n e h W
n e k n a r F ( r o i v a h e
t n e r e f fi d e r a e r e h t s m e e s t i h g u o h T . ’ e l b i s s o p s a y l k c i u q s a d n a l l e w s a t l u c if fi d
e v a h y e h t , n o it a v it o m t n e m e v e i h c a f o s n o it i n if e
d thesamemeaning.I nt hi sstudy ,
d n a s e l c a t s b o e m o c r e v o o t s e v it o m s a d e n if e d e b n a c n o it a v it o m t n e m e v e i h c a
d n a s a y l d i p a r s a , ll e w s a t l u c if fi d g n i h t e m o s o d o t e v ir t s o t ;t n e m e v o r p m i e k a m
. e l b i s s o p s a y lt n e d n e p e d n
i (p .317 .)
s r e f e r ’ s n o it a il if f a ‘ m r e t e h
T jus tto associate wtih others ,apar tfrom the
( m e h t g n i v o l r o m e h t g n i k il n o it s e u
q Beck, .p 354) .I t indicate stha tafifilaiton
e n o e m o s g n i v o l r o g n i k il f o e s u a c e b y l n o t o n , p i h s n o it a l e r f o s d n i k l l a f o s t s i s n o c
c A . e n o e m o s g n it n o r f n o c r o g n it a h o s l a t u
b cordingt oI llusrtaitveLis to fMurray’ s
s ’ d n a ll e l C c M n i d e e
N HumanMoitvaiton,afifilaitoni s:
To draw nea rand enjoyable cooperateo rreciprocate wtih an aliled othe r(an n i w d n a e s a e l p o T . )t c e j b u s e h t s e k il o h w r o t c e j b u s e h t s e l b m e s e r o h w r e h t o
( . d n e ir f a o t l a y o l n i a m e r d n a e r e h d a o T . t c e j b o d e t c e h t a c a f o n o it c e f f
a p .4 6)
h ti w o d o t g n i h t e m o s e v a h s e v it o m n o it a il if f a t a h t s w o h s n o it i n if e d s i h T
. p i h s n o it a l e r n a m u
h McClellandstate s“whethe ro rno t tii sexacltywha tpeople
w g n it c a r e t n i n i k e e
s tih others ,cetrainly dep irving i ndividual sof t heoppo trun tiy
e h t r o n o it a il if f a r o f d e e n e h t d e ll a c n e e b s a h t a h w m e h t n i s e s u o r a n o it c a r e t n i r o f
d e d i o v a e b t o n n a c t i ; e fi l ri e h t n i s r e h t o s d e e n y d o b y r e v E . ” e l p o e p h ti w e b o t d e e n
. n a m u h y
b (pp .346-347 .)
s i e r e h
T a considerable evidence when people are fearfu lthey prefe rto be
o h ti
w ther sas i tcan provide comfo tr .I tclairifest hat i ndividua lneed sothers i n
s ’ k c e B n i y e l p E . e fi l ri e h
t Moitva iton suggestst hreeway sby whicht hepresence r
y a m s r e h t o f
e d o m c i h t o G e h t f o s e p o rt l a t n e m a d n u f e h t f o e n o e s o o h C . n o it c if " c i h t o
G - such
d n a , s e s u o h d e t n u a h , s r e t s n o m s a s r e h t o m , y n n a c n u e h t d n a s e l b u o d , t s e c n i s a
e fi l r o l a ir u b e v
il - ni -death - and analyze how Jean Rhy s modiife s thi s
n o it n e v n o
c to make he rnovella i nto aparitculalry "Cairbbean" exampleoft he
. c i h t o G
e h t t u o h g u o r h
T 1920s ,Rhy s rtaveled in Europe a sa bohemian aritst , ilving
il i m a f e m a c e b e h s e r e h w , s ir a P n i y ll a c i d a r o p
s a rwtih the innovaitve work so f
s tr i k s t u o e h t n o s y h R d e c a l p g n ir e d n a w f o d o ir e p s i h T . s r e ti r w d n a s t s it r a n r e d o m
d n a s e d o c e h t n o it s e u q o t n a g e b e h s , d e z il a n i g r a m s u h T . y t e i c o s l a n o it n e v n o c f o
e l a m e h t f o s n o it i d a
rt -dominated urban envrionment .Plagued by povetry, i llness ,
a g n i e b f o l l o t l a c i s y h p d n a l a c i g o l o h c y s p e h t d n a h t s ri f t l e f e h s , m s il o h o c l a d n a
e r u tl u c l a h c r a ir t a p a n i n a m o w e l g n i
s —a theme she explore sin much o fhe r
s l e v o n r u o f t s ri f s ’ s h y R . g n it ir
w Posture so rQuartet (1928) ,Atfe rLeaving Mr . Mackenzie (1930) ,Voyage in the Dark (1934) ,and Good Morning Midnight
s a s e v il d e t a n e il a , g n it fi r d d a e l o h w s e n i o r e h h ti w , e fi l n w o r e h r o r ri m ) 9 3 9 1 (
r e v e n y e h t ,s s e c c u s e m o s h ti w t e m s l e v o n y lr a e e s e h t e li h W . s r e d i s t u o d e z it a m g it s
g n i h s il b a t s e n i r a f t n e
w Rhy s a sa leading European modernist .Wtih some
e lt ti l t l e f e h s h c i h w r o f y rt n u o c a , d n a l g n E n i n w o d d e lt t e s s y h R , e c n a t c u l e r
e h t l it n u e n e c s y r a r e ti l e h t m o r f d e r a e p p a s i d s s e l r o e r o m e h S . s s e n d n o
f 1960s ,
e h T . y ti r u c s b o m o r f d e u c s e r s a w k r o w r e h n e h
w 61 69 pubilcaiton ofW ide o
s s a g r a
h t n e e t e n i n a o t k c a b d n a t x e t n o c n a e p o r u E l a ir t s u d n
i -century Cairbbean
. e p a c s d n a l
.
C Theoreitca lFramework
l e v o n e h t g n i s u s e d i s e B . a t a d e h t g n i z y l a n a n i h c r a e s e r y r a r b il s e s u y d u t s s i h T
d n a s e l c it r a e s u o s l a y d u t s s i h t , a t a d f o e c r u o s y r a m ir p s a a e S o s s a g r a S e d i W
B . y g o l o h c y s p h ti w l a e d t a h t s k o o
b y using theory o fcharacter ,characteirzaiton
n o it a v it o m d n
a , Icani dentfiyt hecharacteirsitc oft he main character i n ordert o
d n a t s r e d n
u theeffec to fcrue lrteatmen tonAntoinette.
t c a r a h c e h t d n a t s r e d n u o t n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c f o y r o e h t s ’ y h p r u M y l p p a
I eirsitco f
r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t f o c it s ir e t c a r a h c e h t e e s o t t n a tr o p m i s i tI . r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t
w o n k o t s p l e h y r o e h t e h T .r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t d n a t s r e d n u n a c r e d a e r e h t e s u a c e b
. s i r e t c a r a h c s ’ e tt e n i o t n A f o d n i k t a h w
c a f r u s s e t a g it s e v n i n o it a v it o m f o y r o e h
T eand deepe rmeaning o ftheeffec to f
t n e m t a e rt l e u r c e h
