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Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Menulis Deskripsi

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Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran

Menulis Deskripsi

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Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran

Menulis Deskripsi

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Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran

Menulis Deskripsi

Dr. Mohammad Siddik, M.Pd.

Layout

Tim Tunggal Mandiri Publishing

Desain Cover

Moch. Imam Bisri

Penerbit

TUNGGAL MANDIRI PUBLISHING

Anggota IKAPI JTI No. 120

Jln. Taman Kebun Raya A-1 No. 9 Pakis Malang 65154 Tlp./Fax. (0341) 795261 HP. 082233663896 e-mail: tunggalmandiri.cv@gmail.com Jumlah: viii + 140 hlm. Ukuran: 15,5 x 23 cm Cetakan I, Januari 2018 ISBN: 978-602-8878-27-2

Hak cipta dilindungi undang-undang.

Dilarang mengutip atau memperbanyak sebagian atau seluruh isi buku ini tanpa izin tertulis dari penerbit.

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P

enulis menyampaikan puji syukur ke hadirat Allah Swt. berkat rahmat dan hidayah-Nya lah maka buku Pengembangan Model

Pembelajaran Menulis Deskripsi dapat diterbitkan. Buku ini

berisi tentang penerapan model pembelajaran menulis deskripsi bagi siswa, khususnya siswa sekolah dasar. Selain itu, di dalamnya juga berisi konsep dasar dan beberapa pandangan tentang menulis des-kripsi.

Buku ini diharapkan dapat memberi bekal dan memacu para guru dan pengajar, dosen, pelajar, mahasiswa, praktisi, dan peminat tulis-menulis untuk dapat menuangkan segala buah pikiran dan penga-lamannya secara tertulis serta dapat memberikan sumbangan yang berharga dalam pembelajaran menulis khususnya dan sumbangan terhadap pendidikan pada umumnya.

Terima kasih tak lupa penulis sampaikan kepada Tunggal Man-diri Publishing yang telah bersedia menerbitkan naskah buku ini secara professional. Penulis menyadari sepenuhnya bahwa buku ini masih dalam proses belajar, belajar, dan terus belajar sampai akhir hayat. Untuk itu, saran dan kritik membangun dari para pembaca guna perbaikan buku ini dan karya tulis ilmiah lainnya di masa mendatang sangat diharapkan.

Samarinda, Januari 2018

Penulis

KATA PENGANTAR

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Daftar Isi

KATA PENGANTAR ... v

DAFTAR ISI ... vii

BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN ... 1

A. Dasar Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Menulis Deskripsi ... 1

B. Identifikasi Permasalahan ... 10

C. Manfaat Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran ... 14

D. Manfaat Tulisan Deskripsi ... 15

BAB 2 PANDANGAN KONSEPTUAL TENTANG MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MENULIS ... 17

A. Hakikat Tulisan Deskripsi ... 17

B. Pendekatan Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di Sekolah ... 26

C. Hubungan Tulisan Deskripsi dengan Tulisan Lain ... 32

D. Macam-Macam Bentuk Tulisan Deskripsi ... 33

E. Strategi Pembelajaran Menulis Deskripsi Berdasarkan Pendekatan Proses ... 45

F. Model Pembelajaran Menulis Deskripsi yang Dikembangkan ... 48

BAB 3 ALUR PENGEMBANGAN MENULIS DESKRIPSI ... 65

A. Model Pengembangan ... 65

B. Prosedur Pengembangan ... 67

C. Uji Coba Produk ... 73

BAB 4 APLIKASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MENULIS DESKRIPSI YANG DIKEMBANGKAN ... 75

A. Produk Perencanaan Pembelajaran Menulis Deskripsi ... 75

B. Produk Materi Pembelajaran Menulis Deskripsi ... 95

C. Produk Evaluasi Pembelajaran Menulis Deskripsi ... 100

BAB 5 PEMAKNAAN HASIL PENGEMBANGAN ... 101

A. Produk Perencanaan Pembelajaran Menulis Deskripsi ... 101

B. Produk Materi Pembelajaran Menulis Deskripsi ... 116

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BAB 6 PENUTUP ... 129

A. Produk Perencanaan Pembelajaran ... 129

B. Produk Materi Pembelajaran ... 130

C. Produk Evaluasi Pembelajaran ... 131

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ... 133

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Referensi

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