• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

University of Lampung | LPPM-UNILA Institutional Repository (LPPM-UNILA-IR)

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2019

Membagikan "University of Lampung | LPPM-UNILA Institutional Repository (LPPM-UNILA-IR)"

Copied!
7
0
0

Teks penuh

(1)

,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ6XVWDLQDEOH,QIRUPDWLRQ(QJLQHHULQJDQG7HFKQRORJ\6,(7

‹,(((

:HEEDVHG5HDO7LPH0RQLWRULQJRI(OHFWULFDO

4XDQWLWLHV0HDVXUHPHQW

'LNSULGH'HVSD*LJLK)1DPD0HL]DQR$0XKDPPDG.$QZDU

'HSDUWPHQWRI(OHFWULFDO(QJLQHHULQJ'HSDUWPHQWRI,QIRUPDWLFV(QJLQHHULQJ

(QJLQHHULQJ)DFXOW\8QLYHUVLW\RI/DPSXQJ %DQGDU/DPSXQJ,QGRQHVLD

GHVSD#HQJXQLODDFLG

$EVWUDFW²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

Keywords— web-based application; real-time monitoring; electrical quantities, distribution panels, engineering faculty unila

, ,1752'8&7,21

&KDQJHVRIHOHFWULFLW\YDOXHZLOOLQGLUHFWO\DIIHFWHOHFWURQLF HTXLSPHQWXVHGWKHUHIRUHWKHYDOXHRIWKHHOHFWULFDOTXDQWLW\ PXVW EH PHDVXUDEOH LQ DUHDOWLPH WR HQVXUH WKDW LWV YDOXH LV VWLOO ZLWKLQ WROHUDQFH VWDQGDUG ([DPSOH IRU YROWDJH WKH VWDQGDUGVSHUPLWWHGE\,(((VKRXOGEHUDQJHIURPWR RIQRPLQDOYDOXHRIYROWDJH

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

:HE WHFKQRORJ\ QRZDGD\V SRSXODUO\ XVHG WR GLVSOD\ D YDULHW\ RI LQIRUPDWLRQ LQWHUDFWLYHO\ DQG VXSSRUWHG E\ PDQ\ SODWIRUPV DOORZLQJ XVHUV WR DFFHVV LQIRUPDWLRQ DQ\WLPH DQ\ZKHUH,QWKLVVWXG\WKHPHDVXUHPHQWUHVXOWVRIHOHFWULFDO TXDQWLWLHV VXFFHVVIXOO\ GLVSOD\HG LQ D ZHEEDVHG DSSOLFDWLRQ WKHGDWDVKRZQLQWKHIRUPRIWH[WDQGJUDSKLFDOLQIRUPDWLRQ WKDWFDQEHDFFHVVHGLQUHDOWLPHYLDWKH,QWHUQHWQHWZRUNERWK QORFDODUHDQHWZRUNDQGJOREDOLQWHUQHW

)XUWKHUPRUH DQ LPSRUWDQW SRLQW LQ WKLV UHVHDUFK LV WKH V\VWHPKDVEHHQWHVWHGDQGFDOLEUDWHGZLWKYDULRXVYDULDWLRQVRI ORDG DQG VWDQGDUG HTXLSPHQW LQ WKH ODERUDWRU\ EHIRUH LPSOHPHQWLQJ WKH ZKROH V\VWHP RQ GLVWULEXWLRQ SDQHO LQ + EXLOGLQJRI(QJLQHHULQJ)DFXOW\

0RQLWRULQJ V\VWHP DOUHDG\ GHSOR\HG WR SRZHU V\VWHP GLVWULEXWLRQ SDQHO DQG WKH PHDVXUHPHQW UHVXOWV FDQ DOVR EH DFFHVVHG WKURXJK D ZHE DSSOLFDWLRQ )LQDOO\ UHDOWLPH ZHE PRQLWRULQJ KDV SURYLGHG DQ RYHUYLHZ RI UHDO FRQGLWLRQV HOHFWULFDOTXDOLW\LQ+%XLOGLQJ(QJLQHHULQJ)DFXOW\RI8QLOD

%\ GHYLVLQJ D V\VWHP WR PRQLWRU UHDOWLPH HOHFWULFDO TXDQWLWLHV ZKLFK FDQ EH DFFHVVHG IURP WKH ZHE VHDPOHVVO\ SUHYHQWLYH DFWLRQ FDQ EH WDNHQ PRUH TXLFNO\ EHIRUH DQ\ EDG FRQVHTXHQFHKDSSHQ

,, /,7(5$785(5(9,(: A. Related Works

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

,Q DGGLWLRQ WR WKH DERYH UHVHDUFK VWXGLHV UHODWHG WR WKH PHDVXUHPHQW RI HOHFWULFDO TXDQWLWLHV RWKHU VWXGLHV VXSSRUWLQJ FXUUHQW UHVHDUFK LV UHDOWLPH PRQLWRULQJ EDVHG RQ WKH ZHE WHFKQRORJ\DUHIRXQGRQZRUN>@DQG>@,QWKHVWXG\*LJLK KDVEXLOWDPRQLWRULQJV\VWHPWKDWFDQEHDFFHVVHGWKURXJKZHE

(2)

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

B. WEB-Monitoring System

$ PRQLWRULQJ V\VWHP KDV PDQ\ GLIIHUHQW SRLQW RI YLHZ 'LFNVRQ>@RQWKHLUSDSHUIXUWKHUPRUHH[SODLQGHFRPSRVHV

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

)LJ7KHFRPSRQHQWVRIDPRQLWRULQJV\VWHP>@

8VHUVFDQPRQLWRUWKHUDWHDWVSHFLILFRSHUDWLRQKDSSHQLQJ RU WKH FDSDELOLW\ RI V\VWHP IRU DOORZLQJ WKDW RSHUDWLRQ WR KDSSHQ6\VWHPVPD\DOVRFRQVLVWRILQVWUXPHQWHGWRSURYLGH JDXJHVVXFKDVSHUFHQWDJH&38XWLOL]DWLRQRUFRXQWHUVVXFK DVWKHQXPEHURIWLPHVWKDWVRPHWKLQJKDVRFFXUUHG

C. Electrical Quantities

7KHFXUUHQWFDQEHGHILQHGDVWKHWUDQVIHURIFKDUJHWKURXJK D FRQGXFWRU 7KH WRWDO DPRXQW RI FKDUJH SDVVLQJ WKURXJK D UDQGRP FURVVVHFWLRQ RI D PDWHULDO SHU VHFRQG LV GHILQHG DV DPSHUH>@DQGFDQEHZULWWHQDVIROORZV

t Q

I RUQ Iut

:KHUHQLVWKHV\PERORIFKDUJHPHDVXUHGLQWKHFRXORPE

&ILVWKHFXUUHQWLQDPSHUHV$DQGWLVWKHWLPHLQVHFRQGV

V $Q HOHFWULF FXUUHQW FDQ DOVR EH GHILQHG DV WKH FKDUJH WKURXJKDSRLQWLQDQHOHFWULFDOFLUFXLWZULWWHQDV

dt dQ

i

$FRQVWDQWHOHFWULFFXUUHQWLVNQRZQDVDGLUHFWFXUUHQWRU '& GHQRWHG E\ WKH V\PEROI ZKLOH DQ HOHFWULF FXUUHQW WKDW

FKDQJHVZLWKWLPHLVNQRZQDVDQDOWHUQDWLQJFXUUHQWRU$&LV UHSUHVHQWHGE\WKHV\PEROiRUiW9ROWDJHLVGHILQHGDVWKH

HQHUJ\ UHTXLUHG WR PRYH WKH HOHFWULFDO FKDUJH EHWZHHQ WZR SRLQWV>@H[SUHVVHGDV

dQ dw

v

:KHUHVLVWKHV\PERORIWKHYROWDJHPHDVXUHGLQYROWV9

DQGdw LV WKH HQHUJ\ LQ MRXOH - )XUWKHU WKH UHODWLRQVKLS

EHWZHHQFXUUHQWDQGYROWDJHE\*HRUJH6LPRQ2KPNQRZQE\

:KHUH

݌

LV WKH V\PERO RI SRZHU PHDVXUHG LQ ZDWWV : 0DWKHPDWLFDOO\ WKH UHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ SRZHU FXUUHQW DQG YROWDJHLVH[SUHVVHGDVIROORZV

ܲ ൌ ܸǤ ܫ

,QDOWHUQDWLQJFXUUHQWSRZHUV\VWHPNQRZQWKUHHNLQGVRI SRZHUQDPHO\DSSDUHQWSRZHURUFRPSOH[SRZHULVWKHUHVXOW RI PXOWLSOLFDWLRQ RI YROWDJH SKDVRU 9 DQG FRQMXJDWH RI HOHFWULFFXUUHQW,7KHXQLWRIDSSDUHQWSRZHULVH[SUHVVHG LQ9ROW$PSHUH9$7KHDFWLYHSRZHURUWKHUHDOSRZHURI WKH:DWW:XQLWLVWKHSRZHUIXOO\DEVRUEHGE\WKHUHVLVWLYH ORDGVZKLOHWKHUHDFWLYHSRZHURIWKH5HDFWLYH9ROW$PSHUH 9$5 XQLW LV WKH SRZHU DEVRUEHG E\ WKH UHDFWLYH LQGXFWLYH DQG FDSDFLWLYH ORDGV VWRUHG LQ WKH IRUP (OHFWULF ILHOG DQG HOHFWULFFKDUJH>@

(3)

)LJ'650RGHO>@

,,, 5(6($5&+0(7+2'2/2*<

7KH PHWKRGRORJ\ LQ WKLV UHVHDUFK DGRSWHG IURP 'HVLJQ 6FLHQFH 5HVHDUFK '65 IUDPHZRUN WKDW LQWURGXFHG E\ .HQ 3HIIHUV RQ WKHLU SDSHU $ 'HVLJQ 6FLHQFH 5HVHDUFK 0HWKRGRORJ\IRU,QIRUPDWLRQ6\VWHPV5HVHDUFK>@

'65PHWKRGPRGHOVKRZQRI)LJFRQVLVWRILPSRUWDQW DFWLYLWLHV WKDW DUH SUREOHP LGHQWLILFDWLRQ DQG PRWLYDWLRQ GHILQH WKH REMHFWLYHV IRU D VROXWLRQ GHVLJQ DQG GHYHORSPHQW GHPRQVWUDWLRQHYDOXDWLRQDQGODVWFRPPXQLFDWLRQ7KHUHDUH LWHUDWLRQV DIWHU GHILQLQJ SUREOHP DQG PRWLYDWLRQ ,WHUDWLRQV EHLQJGRQHWRDFKLHYHEHWWHUVROXWLRQEDVHGSUHYLRXVUHVXOW

,9 5(68/7$1'',6&866,21 A. Activity 1: Problem identification and motivation.

3UREOHP LGHQWLILFDWLRQ DQG PRWLYDWLRQ FRXOG EH GULYHQ E\ YDULRXVUHDVRQVVXFKDVQHZGHYHORSPHQWVLQLQGXVWU\RULQD UHIHUHQFH GLVFLSOLQH RU VRPH LPSRUWDQW FDVH WKDW QHHG WR EH GLVFXVVHG DQG H[SORUHG E\ RUJDQL]DWLRQ 6SHFLILF LQ WKLV UHVHDUFKVRPHLQWHUHVWLQJSKHQRPHQRQLGHQWLILHGLQHOHFWULFLW\ XVDJH FRQVXPSWLRQ RI + %XLOGLQJ RI (QJLQHHULQJ )DFXOW\ 8QLOD$GHWDLOHGLQIRUPDWLRQRIHOHFWULFLW\XVDJHFRXOGEHXVHG LQGHFLVLRQPDNLQJIRUIXWXUHRUJDQL]DWLRQDOGHYHORSPHQW

B. Activity 2: Define the objectives for a solution.

$Q\SRVVLELOLW\RIREMHFWLYHVIRUVROXWLRQWRRYHUFRPHWKH SUREOHP GHILQLWLRQ LV SUHVHQWHG 7KH REMHFWLYHV FDQ EH TXDQWLWDWLYHRUTXDOLWDWLYH7KHREMHFWLYHVVROXWLRQVKRXOGVWULYH WR LQIHUUHG UDWLRQDOO\ IURP WKH SUREOHP VSHFLILFDWLRQ 8QGHUVWDQGLQJ SUREOHP WKHUH¶V D QHHG WR GHYHORS DQ DSSOLFDWLRQ DFFHVVLEOH RQOLQH WR JDWKHU DQG JDXJH DQ\ LQIRUPDWLRQRISRZHUFRQVXPSWLRQRQ+EXLOGLQJ

C. Activity 3: Design and development.

,QWKLVSKDVHVRPHDUWLIDFWLVSURSRVHGVXFKDVFRQVWUXFWV PRGHOV PHWKRGV 7KH V\VWHP EDVHG RQ VROXWLRQ RIIHUHG FRQVLVWVRIPDLQSDUWZKLFKDUHKDUGZDUHDQGVRIWZDUH

1. Hardware Design

7KH KDUGZDUH XVHG LQ WKLV RQOLQH PRQLWRULQJ V\VWHP LV JURXSHG E\ VHYHUDO VXEV\VWHPV WKRVH DUH KDUGZDUH IRU UHFHLYLQJLQSXWXVLQJVHQVRUDQGGDWDDFTXLVLWLRQKDUGZDUHIRU GDWDSURFHVVLQJDQGKDUGZDUHIRUGDWDFRPPXQLFDWLRQQHHGV

x Hardware for Sensor and Data Acquisition

7KH VHQVRU V\VWHP KDUGZDUH LQVWDOOHG DW SKDVH SRZHU GLVWULEXWLRQSDQHOWKDWFRQVLVWVRIXQLWYROWDJHVHQVRUVXQLW FXUUHQWVHQVRUVDQGDVLJQDOFRQGLWLRQLQJFLUFXLW7KHYROWDJH VHQVRU XVHG ZDV D FRPELQDWLRQ EHWZHHQ D UHVLVWLYH YROWDJH GLYLGHUFLUFXLWDQGDYROWDJHWUDQVIRUPHUSURGXFLQJDYROWDJH ZDYHIRUP RXWSXW WKDW D VDPH VKDSH DV WKH LQSXW &XUUHQW VHQVRUXVHGZDVDFRPELQDWLRQRI<+'&6&7ZKLFKLVD W\SH RI FXUUHQW WUDQVIRUPHU ZLWK D UDWLR RI DQG D EXUGHQUHVLVWRUZLWKDYDOXHRIȍ<+'&6&7SURGXFHV WKHRXWSXWRIDQHOHFWULFFXUUHQWZLWKWKHVDPHZDYHIRUPDVLWV LQSXWDQGFDQRQO\PHDVXUHDOWHUQDWLQJFXUUHQW$&WKHUHIRUH D EXUGHQ UHVLVWRU ZDV XVHG IRU WKH FRQYHUVLRQ RI FXUUHQW WR YROWDJHYDOXHV7KHVLJQDOFRQGLWLRQHUFLUFXLWXVHGWRDGGRIIVHW RIWKHFXUUHQWVHQVRURXWSXWVLJQDODQGWKHYROWDJHVHQVRUZDV WLPHVRIWKHZRUNLQJYROWDJHFRQWUROOHUERDUG7KHVLJQDO FRQGLWLRQHUXVHGZDVDUHVLVWLYHYROWDJHGLYLVRUFLUFXLWZLWKD UDWLR E\ D YROWDJH VRXUFH IURP WKH FRQWUROOHU ERDUG FRPSRVHGRIWZRUHVLVWRUVZLWKYDOXHVRINȍHDFKDQGD FDSDFLWRU,QDVLJQDOFRQGLWLRQHUFLUFXLWWKHUHDUHVL[UHVLVWLYH YROWDJH GLYLVRUV LQ FKDUJH RI DGGLQJ RIIVHWV WR WKH VL[ VHQVRU RXWSXWV7KHFLUFXLWRIWKHVHQVRUV\VWHPKDUGZDUHFDQEHVHHQ LQ)LJ

ƉƌŽďůĞŵŝĚĞŶƚŝĨŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ĂŶĚŵŽƚŝǀĂƚŝŽŶ

ĚĞĨŝŶĞƚŚĞŽďũĞĐƚŝǀĞƐ ĨŽƌĂƐŽůƵƚŝŽŶ

ĚĞƐŝŐŶĂŶĚ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ

ĚĞŵŽŶƐƚƌĂƚŝŽŶ

ĞǀĂůƵĂƚŝŽŶ

ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ

(4)

)LJ+DUGZDUHFRPSRQHQW9ROWDJHWUDQVIRUPDWRU99P$ &XUUHQWVHQVRUV<+'&6&75HVLVWRUEXUGHQŸ9ROWDJH GLYLGHU6LJQDOFRQGLWLRQHUFLUFXLW

x Hardware for Data Processing

7KHGDWDSURFHVVLQJKDUGZDUHFRQVLVWVRIDQ$UGXLQR8QR FRQWUROOHUERDUGRQHDFKSRZHUGLVWULEXWLRQSDQHODQGDVHUYHU FRPSXWHU DW WKH GDWD FHQWHU 7KH GDWD SURFHVVLQJ KDUGZDUH UHDGV WKH FXUUHQW VHQVRU RXWSXW GDWD DQG WKH YROWDJH VHQVRU WKURXJK WKH DQDORJ LQSXW SLQV DV ZHOO DV WKH $UGXLQR GLJLWDO FRQWUROOHUSURFHVVWKHGDWDLGHQWLI\E\XVLQJLWVSURSHUW\DQG YDOXH 0RUHRYHU ODVW UHDGLHG WKH GDWD WR VHQG YLD GDWD FRPPXQLFDWLRQ

x Hardware for Data Communication Needs

)RU GDWD FRPPXQLFDWLRQ +773 SURWRFRO LV SUHIHUUHG EHFDXVHLW¶VSRUWLVUDUHO\EHLQJEORFNHGDFURVVFRPSXWHU QHWZRUNDQGLWDOVRGLUHFWO\LQWHUIDFHWRWKHZHEVHUYHUDFWLQJ DVWKHGDWDVHUYHU$UGXLQR(WKHUQHW6KLHOGXVHGWRDFFHVVGDWD FRPPXQLFDWLRQ YLD ZLUHG FRQQHFWLRQ RI 8QLOD ,QWUDQHW /RFDO $UHD1HWZRUN/$1

2. Software Design

7KHUHDUHVHYHUDOWRROVXVHGWRGHYHORSZHEDSSOLFDWLRQDVD PHDQLQJIXOLQWHUIDFHWRVHHHOHFWULFLW\XVDJHFRQVXPSWLRQ7KH XVHU H[SHULHQFH 8; PXVW DGKHUH WR WKUHH DVSHFWV IXQFWLRQDOLW\DFFHVVLELOLW\DQGUHXVDELOLW\

6\VWHPGHVLJQHGDVDFOLHQWVHUYHU$UGXLQRDFWDVWKHFOLHQW ZKLFK LW¶V MRE LV VHQGLQJ GDWD WR WKH ZHE VHUYHU YLD +773 SURWRFRODQGLQVHUWHGLWLQWRGDWDEDVH

7KH VHUYHU LV ZHE VHUYHU ZKLFK UHFHLYHV GDWD XVLQJ LWV GDWDEDVH DQG SURYLGH ZHE DSSOLFDWLRQ WR JLYH PHDQLQJIXO LQIRUPDWLRQWRWKHXVHU,WLVGHFLGHGEHFDXVHRIWKHUHDOWLPH FUHDWHG ZKLFK RQO\ LQWHUDFW ZLWK GDWDEDVH DQG QRWKLQJ HOVH ZULWWHQ LQ 3+3 0RUHRYHU ZHE DSSOLFDWLRQ LV FUHDWHG XVLQJ RQO\ +70/ &66 DQG MDYDVFULSW DORQJ ZLWK LWV QHFHVVDU\ OLEUDU\WRDFFHVVDZHEVHUYLFHLQ-621IRUPDW0RUHRYHUZHE VHUYLFH LQWHUDFWLQJ ZLWK GDWDEDVH LV FUHDWHG WR SURYLGH -621 GDWDWRZHEDSSOLFDWLRQ

D. Activity 4: Demonstration.

,QWKLVGHPRQVWUDWLRQDFWLYLW\WKHXVHRIWKHDUWLIDFWWRVROYH RQHRUPRUHLQVWDQFHVRIWKHSUREOHP:HPDGHDQH[SHULPHQW IRUGDWDFDOLEUDWLRQDQGGDWDUHWULHYDO

1. Hardware Testing on Laboratory

+DUGZDUHWHVWLQJH[SHULPHQWLQWKLVUHVHDUFKLQFOXGLQJWKH OLQHDULW\ WHVWLQJ RI YROWDJH WUDQVIRUPHU 97 DQG WHVWLQJ WKH OLQHDULW\RIFXUUHQWRUFXUUHQWWUDQVIRUPHU&7%RWKW\SHVRI WUDQVIRUPHUVDUHYHU\LPSRUWDQWEHFDXVHLWGHDOVGLUHFWO\ZLWK WKHTXDQWLW\WREHPHDVXUHG7KHUHVXOWRIFXUUHQWPHDVXUHPHQW RQ WKH SULPDU\ FRLO DQG WKH VHFRQGDU\ FRLO RI FXUUHQW WUDQVIRUPHUFDQEHVHHQLQ7DEOH

)URPWKHPHDVXUHPHQWUHVXOWVLQ7DEOHLWLVVKRZQWKDW WKHWUDQVIRUPHUKDVH[FHOOHQWOLQHDULW\DQGLWFDQEHFRQFOXGHG

WKDW WKH YROWDJH WUDQVIRUPHUV DUH VXLWDEOH IRU XVH DV YROWDJH VHQVRUV

7$%/(, 75$)292/7$*(0$($685(0(175(68/7

1R 7UDIR5 7UDIR6 7UDIR7

9SYROW 9VYROW 9SYROW 9VYROW 9SYROW 9VYROW

1R &75 &76 &77

,S$ ,V$ ,S$ ,V$ ,S$ ,V$

1R 9UHII 0HDVXUHPHQW5HVXOW GHYLDWLRQ

95 96 97 95 96 97 WKDW WKH YROWDJH WUDQVIRUPHUV DUH VXLWDEOH IRU XVH DV FXUUHQW VHQVRUV

,QIRUPDWLRQ IURP 7DEOH VKRZQ WKH UHVXOWV RI PHDVXUHPHQW DFFXUDF\ RI YROWDJH KDV D PD[LPXP HUURU SHUFHQWDJH RI ZKLFK LQGLFDWH WKH PHDVXULQJ

(5)

GHYLFHKDVDORZSHUFHQWDJHRIHUURU6RLWFDQEHFRQFOXGHG WKDWWKHPHDVXUHPHQWGHYLFHKDVDJRRGDFFXUDF\

7$%/(,9 5(68/72)&855(176<67(00$($685(0(17

1

R ,UHII 0HDVXUHPHQW5HVXOW

'HYLDWLRQ

,5 ,6 ,7 ,5 ,6 ,7

7$%/(9 5(68/72)$&7,9(32:(50$($685(0(17

1 R 3UHII

0HDVXUHPHQW

5HVXOW 'HYLDWLRQ

35 36 37 35 36 37

)URP7DEOHLWFDQEHVHHQWKDWWKHFXUUHQWPHDVXUHPHQW UHVXOWV E\ RXU GHYLFH KDV D PD[LPXP HUURU SHUFHQWDJH RI ZKLFKPHDQVWKHPHDVXULQJGHYLFHKDVDORZ SHUFHQWDJHHUURUFXUUHQWHUURU6RLWFDQEHFRQFOXGHGWKDWWKH PHDVXUHPHQWGHYLFHKDVDJRRGDFFXUDF\

,Q7DEOHVKRZQWKHUHVXOWVRIWKHDFFXUDF\WHVWRIDFWLYH SRZHUPHDVXUHPHQWLWLVVHHQWKDWWKHPHDVXUHGDFWLYHSRZHU YDOXH KDV D PD[LPXP HUURU SHUFHQWDJH RI ZKLFK PHDQV WKH PHDVXULQJ GHYLFH KDV D SHUFHQWDJH RI PHGLXPOHYHODFWLYHSRZHUHUURUPHDVXUHPHQW

E. Activity 5: Evaluation.

2EVHUYDWLRQ LV EHLQJ GRQH RQ KDUGZDUH ZHE DSSOLFDWLRQ DQG GDWD (YHU\ REVHUYDWLRQ LV HYDOXDWHG WR YDOLGDWH WKH H[SHFWHGUHVXOWYVWKHDLPRIWKHUHVHDUFK

1. Hardware Testing on Distribution Panel

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

)URPWKHDYHUDJHHUURUUDWHREWDLQHGRQWKH PHDVXUHPHQW WHVW VKRZQ WKLV PRQLWRULQJ GHYLFH KDV D SHUFHQWDJH RI

PHDVXUHPHQW HUURU EHORQJHG WR FODVV RI DQG ,(& 6WDQGDUG 1R % >@ 7KLV PHDVXULQJ LQVWUXPHQW LV IHDVLEOH WR EH XVHG IRU WKH PHDVXUHPHQW RI WKH GLVWULEXWLRQ SDQHOZLWKDQDYHUDJHYDOXHRIHUURUOHVV

)LJ+DUGZDUH7HVWLQJRQ'LVWULEXWLRQ3DQHO

(6)

)LJ:HEEDVHGDSSOLFDWLRQ

2. Web-based Application Result

)LJ VKRZV WKH DSSHDUDQFH ZHE SDJH DSSOLFDWLRQ RI WKH HOHFWULFDOPHDVXUHPHQWZKHQWKHPHDVXULQJGHYLFHLVZRUNLQJ LWSURYLGHVJUDSKLFDOLQIRUPDWLRQLQDUHDOWLPHFRQGLWLRQ

7KHUHDUHWKUHHOLQHSUHVHQWHGLQHYHU\JUDSKLFFKDUWZKLFK UHSUHVHQWHG HDFK SKDVH IURP WKH WKUHHSKDVH (YHU\ FKDUW LV OLYH DQG VKRZV LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW YROWDJH FXUUHQW SRZHU N:KDQGIUHTXHQF\

3. Trend Results The Profile of Real-Time Monitoring Electrical Quantities

5HDOWLPHPRQLWRULQJHOHFWULFDOTXDQWLWLHVKDVEHHQGRQHLQ SRZHU GLVWULEXWLRQ SDQHO ORFDWHG DW %XLOGLQJ + )DFXOW\ RI (QJLQHHULQJ 8QLOD 'DWD PRQLWRULQJ UHVXOW VDYHG LQ VHUYHU 'DWDLVSURFHVVHGXVLQJFKDUWWRRORQ9ROWDJH&XUUHQWDQG5HDO 3RZHU WR GHVFULEH WKH WUHQG RI HOHFWULFDO TXDQWLWLHV DV VKRZQ )LJ

)URP)LJLWFDQEHVHHQWKHYDOXHRIHOHFWULFDOTXDQWLWLHV DW GLVWULEXWLRQ SDQHOV DW WKLV EXLOGLQJ ZDV QRW EDODQFHG ,W KDSSHQVGXHWKHHOHFWULFDOORDGZDVXQEDODQFHGRQHDFKSKDVH RWKHU IDFW IRXQG WKDW WKH WUHQG RI WKH YDOXH RI HOHFWULFDO TXDQWLWLHV IROORZV WKH WUHQG RI ZRUNLQJ KRXUV ,W FDQ EH VHHQ WKDWDFRQVLGHUDEOHGURSYROWDJHKDSSHQHGLQWKHWLPHVSDQDW $0XQWLO300HDQZKLOHDWWKHVDPHWLPHWKH YDOXH RI FXUUHQW DQGSRZHU LV LQFUHDVLQJ 7KLV LOOXVWUDWHV WKDW WKHXVHRIHOHFWULFDOHQHUJ\LVWHQGVWRGXULQJZRUNLQJKRXUV

2YHUDOO HYDOXDWLRQ IRU SURSRVHG GHVLJQ DQG LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ \LHOG D JRRG UHVXOW IRU D UHDOWLPH HOHFWULFDO TXDQWLWLHVLQIRUPDWLRQHVSHFLDOO\RQ+EXLOGLQJRI(QJLQHHULQJ )DFXOW\

)LJ3URILOHRI5HDO7LPH0RQLWRULQJ(OHFWULFDO4XDQWLWLHV

F. Activity 6. Communication

/DVWDFWLYLW\DLPZDVWRFRPPXQLFDWHWKHSUREOHPDQGLWV LPSRUWDQFHGLVVHPLQDWHWRRWKHUUHVHDUFKHUVDQGRWKHUUHOHYDQW DXGLHQFHVVXFKDVSUDFWLFLQJSURIHVVLRQDOVZKHQDSSURSULDWH $QGZHVWLOOFRQWLQXHWKLVUHVHDUFKDQGRSHQWKHFKDQFHRIDQ\ FROODERUDWLRQ

9 &21&/86,21

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¶VIDFWIRXQGWKDWHOHFWULFLW\XVDJH WUHQGVWLOOIROORZVWKHZRUNLQJKRXUVWUHQG

$&.12:/('*(0(17

$XWKRUZRXOGOLNHWRH[SUHVVJUDWLWXGHWR7KH0LQLVWU\RI 5HVHDUFK 7HFKQRORJ\ DQG +LJKHU (GXFDWLRQ ,QGRQHVLD DQG 8QLYHUVLW\ RI /DPSXQJ ZKR KDYH IDFLOLWDWHG DQG VXSSRUWHG WKLVUHVHDUFK

5()(5(1&(6

>@ ''HVSD$.XUQLDZDQ0.RPDUXGLQ0DUGLDQD*)1DPD³6PDUW PRQLWRULQJ RI HOHFWULFDO TXDQWLWLHV EDVHG RQ VLQJOH ERDUG FRPSXWHU

(7)

%&0´QG,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ,QIRUPDWLRQ7HFKQRORJ\ &RPSXWHUDQG(OHFWULFDO(QJLQHHULQJ,&,7$&((

>@ 5 & 'XJDQ 0( 0F *UDQDJKDQ + : %HDW\ ³(OHFWULFDO 3RZHU 6\VWHP4XDOLW\´0F*UDZ+LOO

>@ ''HVSD<0LWDQL&KDQJVRQJ/L0DVD\XNL:DWDQDEH³308%DVH 0RQLWRULQJ DQG (VWLPDWLRQ RI ,QWHU$UHD 3RZHU 2VFLOODWLRQ IRU 6LQJDSRUH0DOD\VLD,QWHUFRQQHFWLRQ3RZHU6\VWHP´,3(&&RQIHUHQFH 3URFHHGLQJV

>@ ''HVSD < 0LWDQL&KDQJVRQJ/L 0DVD\XNL :DWDQDEH³,QWHUDUHD 3RZHU2VFLOODWLRQ0RGHIRU6LQJDSRUH0DOD\VLD,QWHUFRQQHFWHG3RZHU 6\VWHP%DVHGRQ3KDVRU0HDVXUHPHQWZLWK$XWR6SHFWUXP$QDO\VLV´ WK 3RZHU 6\VWHPV &RPSXWDWLRQ &RQIHUHQFH 36&& 3URFHHGLQJ 6WRFNKROP6ZHGHQ$XJXVW

>@ 4/LX''HVSD<0LWDQL³$SSOLFDWLRQRI3KDVRUDQG1RGH9ROWDJH 0HDVXUHPHQWVWR0RQLWRULQJ3RZHU)ORZ6WDELOLW\,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDO RQ (OHFWULFDO (QJLQHHULQJ DQG ,QIRUPDWLFV´ YRO 9RO QR 3ULQWHG ,6612QOLQHH,661

>@ ' 'HVSD 0DUGLDQD * ) 1DPD 0 %HUQDUG ³0XOWL$UHD 6PDUW 0RQLWRULQJ RI (OHFWULFDO 4XDQWLWLHV %DVHG RQ 0LQL 6LQJOH %RDUG &RPSXWHU %&0 ´ WK ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RQIHUHQFH RQ (OHFWULFDO 3RZHU(OHFWURQLFV&RPPXQLFDWLRQV&RQWUROVDQG,QIRUPDWLFV6\VWHP ((&&,60DODQJ

>@ *)1DPD0.RPDUXGLQ+3ULDPERGR0DUGLDQD+'6HSWDPD ³(OHFWULFLW\ 7HPSHUDWXUH DQG 1HWZRUN 8WLOL]DWLRQ 0RQLWRULQJ DW /DPSXQJ 8QLYHUVLW\ 'DWD &HQWUH 8VLQJ /RZ &RVW /RZ 3RZHU 6LQJOH %RDUG0LQL&RPSXWHU´LQ7KH5HJLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ&RPSXWHUDQG ,QIRUPDWLRQ (QJLQHHULQJ5&&,( <RJ\DNDUWD ,QGRQHVLD 3S

>@ * ) 1DPD ' 'HVSD 0DUGLDQD ³5HDOWLPH PRQLWRULQJ V\VWHP RI HOHFWULFDO TXDQWLWLHV RQ ,&7 &HQWUH EXLOGLQJ 8QLYHUVLW\ RI /DPSXQJ EDVHGRQ(PEHGGHG6LQJOH%RDUG&RPSXWHU%&0´,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RQIHUHQFHRQ,QIRUPDWLFVDQG&RPSXWLQJ,&,&/RPERN,QGRQHVLD

>@ +*DPEKLU-D\DQW:DQL/DOLWD.³3RZHU,QVIUDVWUXFWXUH0RQLWRULQJ 6\VWHP2Q(PEHGGHG:HE´,-(063XQH

>@ < 3UDNUXWL 9 1 &KDYGD ³'HYHORSPHQW RI 3RZHU 0RQLWRULQJ DQG $QDO\VLV6\VWHPEDVHGRQ:HE6HUYHU´,-('5*DQGKLQDJDU >@ * ) 1DPD 0 8OYDQ $ 8OYDQ $ 0 +DQDIL ³'HVLJQ DQG

,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI :HE%DVHG *HRJUDSKLF ,QIRUPDWLRQ 6\VWHP IRU 3XEOLF 6HUYLFHV LQ %DQGDU /DPSXQJ &LW\ ± ,QGRQHVLD´ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RQIHUHQFH RQ 6FLHQFH LQ ,QIRUPDWLRQ 7HFKQRORJ\ ,&6,7HFKSS<RJ\DNDUWD,QGRQHVLD

>@ *)1DPD0.RPDUXGLQ+'6HSWDPD³3HUIRUPDQFH$QDO\VLVRI $UXED70 :LUHOHVV /RFDO $UHD 1HWZRUN /DPSXQJ 8QLYHUVLW\´ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RQIHUHQFH RQ 6FLHQFH LQ ,QIRUPDWLRQ 7HFKQRORJ\ ,&6,7HFKSS<RJ\DNDUWD,QGRQHVLD

>@ &'LFNVRQ³$ZRUNLQJWKHRU\RIPRQLWRULQJSUHVHQWHGDVSDUWRIWKH WK /DUJH ,QVWDOODWLRQ 6\VWHP $GPLQLVWUDWLRQ &RQIHUHQFH´ 86(1,; %HUNHOH\&$

>@ 1 :DVLI ³&RQFHSWV LQ (OHFWULF FLUFXLWV´ 9HQWXV 3XEOLVKLQJ $S6 %RRNERRQFRP

>@ 66XGDU\DQWR³$QDOLVLV5DQJNDLDQ/LVWULN-LOLG´%DQGXQJ'DUSXEOLF

>@ 5-)RZOHU(OHFWULFLW\3ULQFLSOH $SSOLFDWLRQV1HZ<RUN0F*UDZ +LOO

>@ &&HNPDV7%DUOLDQ³5DQJNDLDQ/LVWULN´-DNDUWD$1', >@ 3HIIHUV7XXQDQHQ5RWKHQEHUJHU&KDWWHUMHH³'HVLJQ6FLHQFH5HVHDUFK

0HWKRGRORJ\´ >@ ,(&6WDQGDUG1R%

Referensi

Dokumen terkait

Berdasarkan hal tersebut, ditemui fakta bahwa media online yang dimiliki oleh pemilik merupakan “surga” karena media tersebut digunakan sesuka hati khususnya bagi

Oleh sebab itu perusahaan perlu meningkatkan SDM dengan mewujudkan kepuasan kerja karyawan melalui Budaya Organisasi dan Gaya kepemimpinan sehingga karyawan juga dapat mulai

Peserta didik diberikan stimulus berupa pemberian materi secara garis besar oleh guru (selain itu misalkan dalam bentuk lembar kerja, tugas mencari materi dari buku paket atau

Gaya tersebut kontradiktif dengan gaya kepemimpinan yang dilakukan saat ini, yaitu pemimpin cenderung. memberikan perintah dan menanyakan

Secara garis besar konsep matematika dalam Al-Qur‟an yang meliputi kajian tentang Aljabar, himpunan, geometri dan pengukuran, logika dan statistika telah

BN = Kalau itu sudah saya lakukan tapi belum secara maksimal ya karena saya bisa melakukan kontrol organisasi jauh lebih baik lagi apabila kita mendapatkan sumber daya

Perancangan dan pembuatan sistem ini terdiri dari beberapa komponen perangkat keras yang fungsi kerjanya dikendalikan oleh perangkat lunak yang ditanamkan di dalamnya sehingga

Hasil penelitian dapat dideskripsikan bahwa implementasi nasehat pendidikan Luqma&gt;n al-Haki&gt;m menurut al-Quran dalam pembentukan kepribadian anak di SD Inpres 12/79 Ulo,