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U N I V E R S I T A S MUHAMMADIYAH P A L E M B A N G F A K U L T A S K E G U R U A N DAN lf,MU PENDIDIKAN
K E A N E K A R A G A M A N J E N I S L U M U T (Bryophyta) DAN L U M U T K E R A K
( L i c h e n ) Y A N G M E N E M P E L PADA POHON D I D E S A T R I Y O S O K E C A M A T A N B E L I T A N G K A B U P A T E N O K U T I M U R DAN
PENGAJARANNYA DI SMA N E G E R I 4 P A L E M B A N G
S K R I P S I Diajukan kepada
Univenitas Muhammadiyah Palembang untuk mcmenuhi salah satu persyaratan dalam menyelesaikan program Sarjana Pendidikan
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Ivana Lisa Pertiwi NIM 342010258
U N I V E R S I T A S MUHAMMADIVAH P A L E M B A N G F A K U L T A S K E G U R U A N DAN I L M U P E N D I D I K A N
P R O G R A M STUDI B I O L O G I April 2015
Palembang, 4 April 2015 Pembimbing 1,
Dra. Hj. Aseptianova, M.Pd.
Palcmbang, 3 April 2015 Pembimbing 11,
Skripsi oleh Ivana Lisa Pertiwi ini tdah dipertahankan di depan penguj pada tanggal 10 April 2015
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S U R A T P E R N Y A T A A N P E R T A N G G U N G J A W A B A N
K E A S L I A N P E N U L I S A N S K R I P S I
Y a n g b e r t a n d a t a n g a n d i b a w a h i n i :
N a m a I v a n a L i s a P e r t i w i
N I M : 3 4 2 0 1 0 2 5 8
P r o g r a m s t u d i . P e n d i d i k a n B i o l o g i
M e n e r a n g k a n d e n g a n s e s u n g g u h n y a b a h w a .
1. S k r i p s i y a n g t e l a h s a y a b u a t i n i b e n a r - b e n a r p e k e r j a a n s a y a s e n d i r i ( b u k a n b a r a n g
j i p l a k a n ) .
2 . A p a b i l a d i k e m u d i a n b a i l t e r b u k t i / d a p a t d i b u k t i k a n s k r i p s i i n i b a s i l j i p l a k a n , m a k a
s a y a a k a n m e n a n g g i a n g r i s i k o s e s u a i d e n g a n p e r a t u r a n d a n u n d a n g - u n d a n g y a n g
D e m i k i a n s u r a t k e t e r a n g a n n i n i d i b u a t d e n g a n s e b e n a r - b e n a r n y a u n t u k d a p a t
d i p e r t a n g g u n g j a w a b k a n . b e r l a k u .
P a l e m b a n g , A p r i l 2 0 1 5 Y a n g m e n e r a n g k a n
M a h a s i s w a y a n g b e r s a n g k u t a n ,
I v a n a L i s a P e r t i w i N I M . 3 4 2 0 1 0 2 5 8
Kerak (Lichen) yan Menempel pada Pohon di Dea Triyoso Kecamatan Belitang Kabupaten OKU Timur dan Pengajarannya di SMA Negeri 4 Palembang. S k r i p s i , P r o g r a m S t u d i P e n d i d i k a n B i o l o g i , P r o g r a m S a r j a n a ( S I ) , F a k u l t a s K e g u r u a n d a n I l m u P e n d i d i k a n U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h P a l e m b a n g . P e m b i m b i n g : ( I ) D r a . H j A s e p t i a n o v a , M . P d , ( I I ) D r s . N i z k o n , M . S i .
K a t a k u n c i : K e a n e k a r a g a m a n , Bryophyta, Lichen, T r i y o s o I
P e n e l i t i a n i n i d i l a t o r b e l a k a n g i o l e h Bryophyta d a n Lichen y a n g s e t a h u p e n e l i t i b e l u m a d a i n f o r m a s i t e n t a n g p e n e l i t i a n L u m u t d i d e s a T r i y o s o . P e n e l i t i a n i n i b e r t u j u a n u n t u k m e n g e t a h u i j e n i s - j e n i s Bryophyta d a n Lichen y a n t e r d a p a t d i d e s a T r i y o s o K e c . B e l i t a n g K a b . O k u T i m u r u n t u k m e n g e t a h u i k e a n e k a r a g a m a n Bryophyta d a n Lichen
d i d e s a T r i y o s o K e c . B e l i t a n g K a b . O K U T i m u r . . R u m u s a n M a s a l a h : ( 1 ) J e n i s - j e n i s L u m u t a p a s a j a k a b y a n g m e n e m p e l p a d a p o b o n d i d e s a T r i y o s o K e c . B l i t a n g K a b . O k u T i m u r S u m a t e r a S e i a t a n ^ ( 2 ) A p a k a h d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n m o d e l p e m b e l a j a r a n Picture and Picture d a p a t m e n i n g k a t k a n h a s i l b e l a j a r s i s w a k e l a s X S M A N e g e r i 4 P a l e m b a n g S e m e s t e r 2 t a h u n p e l a j a r a n 2 0 1 5 / 2 0 1 6 p a d a k o m p e t e n s i i n t i 7 T u m b u h a n , c i r i - c i r i m o r f o l o g i s , m e t a g e n e s i s , p e r a n a n n y a d a l a m k e b e r l a n g s u n g a n h i d u p d i b u m i *^ P e n e l i t i a n i n i m e n g g u n a k a n m e t o d e d e s k r i p t i f d e n g a n c a r a s u r v e y d a n o b s e r v a s i m e n g g u n a k a n m e t o d e p l o t . P e n e l i t i a n d i l a k u k a n d i d i D e s a T r i y o s o K e c . B e l i t a n g K a b . O K U T i m u r . P e n g a m a t a n m e n c a n k u p m o r f o l o g i , j e n i s d a n j u m l a h L u m u t . P e n e l i t i a n p e n g a j a r a n d i l a k s a n a k a n d i S M A N e g e r i 4
P a l e m b a n g - H a s i l p e n e l i t i a n : ( 1 ) d i t e m u k a n Bryophyta d e n g a n s p e s i e s Calymperes erosum s e b a n y a k 2 3 s p e s i e s , Calymperes tenerum 15 s p e s i e s , Syilhopodon fimbriatus
s e b a n y a k 1 8 s p e s i e s , Syilhopodon spiculosus s e b a n y a k 1 2 s p e s i e s , s e r t a
Lopholejeunea zollingeri s e b a n y a k 1 2 s p e s i e s . ( ( 2 ) d i t e m u k a n Lichen d e n g a n s p e s i e s
Parmelia sulcata s e b a n y a k 5 0 s p e s i e s , Cryptothecia striata 4 4 s p e s i e s , Dirinaria picta s e b a n y a k 2 6 s p e s i e s , s e r t a Dirinaria sp s e b a n y a k 2 4 s p e s i e s . ( 2 ) H a s i l
p e n g a j a r a n d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n m o d e l Picture and Picture d i d a p a t n i l a i t h i t u n g ( 1 7 , 8 7 2 ) > t t a b e l ( 2 , 0 4 2 ) . m e n i n g k a t k a n h a s i l b e l a j a r s i s w a . K e s i m p u l a n p e n e l i t i a n : ( 1 ) J e n i s - j e n i s Bryophyta y a n g d i t e m u k a n d i d e s a T r i y o s o K e c . B e l i t a n g K a b . O k u T i m u r s e b a n y a k 3 f a m i l i d a n 5 s p e s i e s Bryphyta y a i t u Calymperes erosum, Calymperes tenerum, Syilhopodon fimbriatus, Syilhopodon spiculosus, d a n
Lopholejeunea zollingeri. D e n g a n j u m l a h Bryophyta y a n g p a l i n g b a n y a k d i t e m u k a n a d a i a b Calymperes erosum y a n g b e r j u m l a h 2 3 j e n i s d a n y a n g p a l i n g s e d i k i t a d a i a b
Lopholejeunea zollingeri y a n g b e r j u m l a h 1 2 j e n i s . ( 2 ) J e n i s - j e n i s Lichen y a n g d i t e m u k a n d i d e s a T r i y o s o K e c . B e l i t a n g K a b . O K U T i m u r s e b a n y a k 3 f a m i l i d a n 4 s p e s i e s Lichen y a i t u Parmelia sulcata, Cryptothecia striata, Dirinaria picta, Dirinaria sp, d a n j u m l a h Bryophyta y a n g p a l i n g b a n y a k d i t e m u k a n a d a i a b
Calymperes erosum y a n g b e r j u m l a h 5 0 j e n i s d a n y a n g p a l i n g s e d i k i t a d a i a b Dirinaria sp, y a n g b e r j u m l a h 2 4 j e n i s . ( 3 ) D e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n m o d e l p e m b e l a j a r a n picture and picture d a p a t m e n i n g k a t k a n b a s i l b e l a j a r s i s w a
K A T A P E N G A N T A R
Assalamua'alaikum, Wr. Wh.
M a h a S u c i A l l a h y a n g t e l a h m e n c i p t a k a n d a n m e n g a t u r a l a m s e m e s t a b e s e r t a
i s i n y a , y a n g t e l a h m e n c u r a h k a n s e g a l a k a r u n i a - N y a b a g i s e l u r u h a l a m s e r t a y a n g
t e l a h m e n g k a r u n i a k a n a k a l p i k i r a n b a g i m a n u s i a s e h i n g g a p e n u l i s d a p a t
m e n y e l e s a i k a n s k r i p s i y a n g b e r j u d u l " K e a n e k a r a g a m a n J e n i s L u m u t (Bryophyta)
d a n L u m u t K e r a k (Lichen) y a n g M e n e m p e l p a d a P o h o n d i D e s a T r i y o s o K e c a m a t a n B e l t a n g K a b u p a t e n O K U T i m u r d a n P e n g a j a r a n n y a d i S M A N e g e r i
4 P a l e m b a n g " .
P e n u l i s a n s k r i p s i i n i d i l a k u k a n g u n a m e m e n u b i p e r s y a r a t a n u n t u k
m e n d a p a t k a n g e l a r k e s a r j a n a a n S t r a t a 1 ( S I ) . D a l a m p e n y u s u n a n i n i , p e n u l i s b a n y a k
m e n g u c a p k a n t e r i m a k a s i h k e p a d a D r a . H j . A s e p t i a n o v a , M . P d . d a n D r s . N i z k o n ,
M . S i , d a n s e l a k u d o s e n p e m b i m b i n g y a n g t e l a h b a n y a k m e m b e r i k a n b i m b i n g a n ,
m o t i v a s i s e r t a p e n g a r a b a n s e l a m a p e n u l i s a n s k r i p s i i n i .
P e n u l i s m e n y a d a r i b a h w a d a l a m p e n y u s u n a n s k r i p s i i n i t i d a k a k a n t e r w u j u d
t a n p a a d a n y a b a n t u a n , d u k u n g a n s e r t a b i m b i n g a n d a r i b e r b a g a i p i b a k . P a d a
k e s e m p a t a n i n i d e n g a n k e t u l u s a n h a t i d a n s e g a l a b o r m a t , p e n u l i s m e n g u c a p k a n
t e r i m a k a s i h y a n g s e b e s a r - b e s a r n y a k e p a d a y a n g t e r b o r m a t :
1. D r . H . M . I d r i s , S . E . , M . S i . s e l a k u R e k t o r U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h
P a l e m b a n g .
3. S u s i D e w i y e t i , S . S i . , M . S i . , s e l a k u K e t u a P r o g r a m S t u d i P e n d i d i k a n B i o l o g i
F a k u l t a s K e g u r u a n d a n I l m u P e n d i d i k a n U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h
P a l e m b a n g . j
4 . S e l u r u b D o s e n d a n s t a f k a r y a w a n / i F a k u l t a s K e g u r u a n d a n I l m u P e n d i d i k a n
U n i v e r s i t a s M u b a m m a d i y a g P a l e m b a n g .
5. D r s . P a r m i n , M . M . S i . , s e l a k u K e p a l a S e k o l a h S M A N e g e r i 4 P a l e m b a n g .
6 . A y a h a n d a S u p r i y a n t o d a n i b u n d a k u t e r c i n t a S u n a r t i S . P d , t e r i m a k a s i h a t a s
s e g a l a d o a , r e s t u , k a s i h s a y a n g , d a n k e b a h a g i a a n y a n g t a k t e r b a t a s o l e h a p a p u n
j u g a . S e r t a s e g a l a d u k u n g a n m a t e r i a l m a u p u n s p r i t u a l u n t u k k e b e r b a s i l a n
p e n u l i s a n d a l a m m e n y e l e s a i k a n s t u d i .
7. S a u d a r a k u D e d e k K u r n i a w a n , S H , . A n i s a N u r j a n a h , d a n C i p t a S e k a r A r i n i S . P d
y a n g s e l a l u m e m b e r i k a n m o t i v a s i s e r t a d u k u n g a n n y a s e l a m a i n i s e r t a
k e p o n a k a n k u M . Q a e s a r H a k a m , M . U m a r H a k a m , d a n A b d u l J a b b a r y a n g s e l a l u
m e m b e r i k a n k e c e r i a n d a n s e m a n g a t u n t u k m e n y e l e s a i k a n s k r i p s i i n i .
8. S a b a b a t k u ( Y o p a , I d a , N i s a , A n i , S u t r i , P u t r i , N e l i , A y u ) t e r i m a k a s i h b a n y a k
m o t i v a s i , s e m a n g a t , k e b e r s a m a a n , d a n t o l e m s i n y a s e l a m a i n i h i n g g a
t e r s e l e s a i n y a s k r i p s i i n i .
9. T e m a n - t e m a n s e p e r j u a n g a n k u k e l a s F a n g k a t a n 2 0 1 0
10. T e m a n - t e m a n P P L d i S M P 12 P a l e m b a n g , K K N P o s k o 1 0 7 d i J l , T e m b o k B a r u
9 / 1 0 U L U K e c . S e b e r a n g U L U 1 K o t a P a l e m b a n g . .
A k h i r n y a d e n g a n s e m u a k e r e n d a h a n h a t i , s e m o g a A l l a h S W T d a p a t m e m b a l a s
s e m u a b u d i b a i k d a n j a s a y a n g t e l a h d i b e r i k a n k e p a d a p e n u l i s d a l a m p e n y u s u n a n
s k r i p s i i n i . S e p e r t i p e p a t a b m e n g a t a k a n t a k a d a g a d i n g y a n g t a k r e t a k , d e m i k i a n j u g a
p e n u l i s t i d a k l u p u t d a r i k e s a l a h a n . O l e h k a r e n a i t u , p e n u l i s s a n g a t m e n g h a r a p k a n
k r i t i k d a n s a r a n y a n g b e r s i f a t m e m b a n g u n . A k b i r k a t a d e n g a n s e l e s a i n y a p e n y u s u n a n
s k r i p s i i n i d i b a r a p k a n d a p a t m e n j a d i p e d o m a n d a n m e m b a w a m a n f a a t b a g i k i t a
s e m u a . Aminya rohhaf afamin. Wassalamudalaikum, Wr. Wb.
P a l e m b a n g , A p r i l 2 0 1 5
P e n u l i s
H A L A M A N J U D U L i
HALAMAN P E R S E T U J U A N i i
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN i i i
M O T T O DAN PERSEMBAHAN i v
SURAT K E T E R A N G A N P E R T A N G G U N G JAWABAN
PENULISAN S K R I P S I v
A B S T R A K v i
K A T A PENGANTAR v i i
D A F T A R I S I v i
D A F T A R T A B E L J x i
D A F T A R GAMBAR x i i
D A F T A R LAMPIRAN x i v
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
A . L a t a r B e l a k a n g M a s a l a h 1 B . R u m u s a n M a s a l a h 4 C . T u j u a n M a s a l a h 4 D . M a n f a a t P e n e l i t i a n 5 E . R u a n g L i n g k u p 5 F . K e t e r b a t a s a n P e n e l i t i a n 5
BAB I I K A J I A N PUSTAKA
A . P e n g e r t i a L u m u t ( B r y o p h y t a ) 7 1. M o r f l o g i T u m b u h a n L u m u t 8 2 . S t r u k t u r T u b u h T u m b u h a n L u m u t 9
3 . S i k l u s H i d u p L u m u t 1 1 4 . K l a s i f i k a s i L u m u t 1 3
a. L u m u t H a t i (Hepaticopsida) 1 3
b . L u m u t T a n d u k (Anthoceropsida.) 2 0
c. LxamA Da\m(Bryopsida.) 2 1
5 . M a n f a a t L u m u t (Bryophyta) B a g i K e h i d u p a n M a n u s i a 2 6
B . P e n g e r t i a n L u m u t K e r a k (Lichen) 2 7
1 . M o r f o l o g i L u m u t K e r a k 2 8
2 . P e r k e m b a n g b i a k a n L u m u t K e r a k 2 9
3 . H a b i t a t L u m u t K e r a k 3 1 4 . K l a s i f i k a s i L u m u t K e r a k 3 1 5 . P e r a n a n L u m u t K e r a k 3 5 C . T o p o g r a f i D e s a T r i y o s o 3 7
D . M o d e l P e m b e l a j a r a n Picure and Picture 3 8
1 . P e n g e r t i a n P e m b e l a j a r a n Picture and Picture 3 8 2 . L a n g k a h - l a n g k a h P e m b e l a j a r a n Picture and Picture 3 9 3 . K e l e b i h a n d a n K e l e m a h a n M o d e l P e m b e l a j a r a n
Picture and Picture 4 0
BAB H I M E T O D E P E N E L I T I A N
A . R a n c a n g a n P e n e l i t i a n 4 1 B . A l a t d a n B a h a n 4 3 C . S u b j e k P e n e l i t i a n 4 3 D . M e t o d e P e n g a m b i l a n D a t a 4 3
E . P e n g a m b i l a n D a t a P e n g a j a r a n 4 4 F . M e t o d e A n a l i s i s D a t a P e n e l i t i a n 4 6
BAB V I H A S I L P E N E L I T I A N
A . D a t a H a s i l P e n e l i t i a n 4 8
1 . Bryophyta 4 8
2 . L u m u t K e r a k (Z./c/7Bn) 4 9 B . D a t a H a s i l P e n g a j a r a n 5 1
1 . T e s t A w a l P e n g a j a r a n 5 1 2 . T e s t A k h i r P e n g a j a r a n 5 2 C . A n a l i s i s D a t a H a s i l P e n e l i t i a n 5 3
1 . D a t a H a s i l P e n e l i t i a n p a d a Bryophyta 5 3
a. Calymperes eresum 5 3
b . Calyperes tenerum 5 4
c. Shilphodonfimbriatus 5 5
d . Shilphodom spiculosus 5 6
e. Lopholejeunea zollingeri 5 7
2 . D a t a H a s i l P e n e l i t i a n p a d a Lichen 5 8
a. Parmelia sulcata 5 8
b. Cryptothecia striata 5 9
c. Diniria picta 6 0
d. Diniria sp 6 1
D . A n a l i s i s D a t a P e n e l i t i a n E k s p e r i m e n D a t a 6 2 a. I n d e k s K e r a g a m a n ( H ' ) d a n I n d e k s K e r a p a t a n
( K r ' ) Bryophyta 6 2
b . I n d e k s K e r a g a m a n ( H ' ) d a n I n d e k s K e r a p a t a n
(Kr') Lichen 6 3
E . A n a l i s i D a t a H a s i l P e n g a j a r a n 6 5
BAB V PEMBAHASAN
A . P e m b a h a s a n H a s i l P e n e l i t i a n B r y o p h y t a 6 7 1 . H a s i l P e n e l i t i a n J u m l a h B r y o p h y t a d i D e s a T i y o s o 6 7
2 . P e m b a h a s a n H a s i l J e n i s B r y o p h y t a p a d a S e t i a p P l o t . . . 6 9
B . P e m b a h a s a n H a s i l P e n e l i t i a n L i c h e n 7 1 1. H a s i l P e n e l i t i a n L i c h e n d i D e s a T r i y o s o 7 1
2 . P e m b a h a s a n H a s i l J e n i s L i c h e n p a d a S e t i a p P l o t 7 3 C . P e m b a h a s a n H a s I P e r h i t u n g a n N i l a i K e a n e k a r a g a m a n
B r y o p h y t a d a n Lichen 7 5
1. P e m b a h a s a n H a s i l K e r a g a m a B r y o p h y t a 7 5 2 . P e m b a h a s a n H a s i l K e r a g a m a n L i c h e n 7 6
D . P e m b a h a s a n H a s i l P e n g a j a r a n 7 7
BAB V I PENUTUP
A . K e s i m p u l a n 7 8 B . S a r a n 7 9
D A F T A R R U J U K A N 8 1
L A M P I R A N 8 3
R I W A Y A T HIDUP
D A F T A R T A B E L
Tabel Halaman
4 . 1 J e n i s Bryophyta y a n g M e n e m p e l p a d a P o h o n d i D e s a T r i y o s o
K e c . B e l i t a n g K a b . O K U T i m u r 4 8
4 . 2 J e n i s lichen yang M e n e m p e l p a d a P o h o n d i D e s a T r i y o s o
K e c . B e l i t a n g K a b . O K U T i m u r 5 0
4 . 3 D i s t r i b u s i F r e k u e n s T e s t A w a l S i s w a K e l a s X S e m e s t e r 2 S M A
N e g e r i 4 P a l e m b a n g T a h u n A j a r a n 2 0 1 4 / 2 0 1 5 5 1
4 . 4 . H i s t o g r a m F r e k u e n s i T e s t A k h i r S i s w a K e l a s X S e m e s t e r 2 S M A
N e g e r i 4 P a l e m b a n g T a h u n A j a r a n 2 0 1 4 / 2 0 1 5 5 2
4 . 5 S p e s i e s Bryophyta d e n g a n N i l a i I n d e k s K e r a g a m a n S h a n n o n W i n n e r
( H ' ) d i D e s a T r i y o s o K e c . B e l i t a n g K a b . O K U T i m u r 6 2
4 . 6 S p e s i e s Bryophyta d e n g a n N i l a i I n d e k s K e r a p a t a n ( K r ) d i D e s a
T r i y o s o K e c . B e l i t a n g K a b . O K U T i m u r 6 3
4 . 7 S p e s i e s Lichen d e n g a n N i l a i I n d e k s K e r a g a m a n S h a n n o n W i n n e r ( H ' )
d i D e s a T r i y o s o K e c . B e l i t a n g K a b . O K U T i m u r 6 4
4 . 8 S p e s i e s Lichen d e n g a n N i l a i I n d e k s K e r a p a t a n ( K r ) d i D e s a
T r i y o s o K e c . B e l i t a n g K a b . O K U T i m u r 6 4
4 . 9 . U j i S t a t i s t i k P a d a T e s A w a l d a n T e s A k h i r s i s w a K e l a s X
S e m e s t e r 2 S M A N e g e r i 4 P a l e m b a n g T a h u n A j a r a n 2 0 1 4 / 2 0 1 5 6 3
4 . 1 0 A n a l i s i s D a t a P e n g a j a r a n d e n g a n U j i t S i s w a K e l a s X S e m e s t e r 2 S M A
N e g e r i 4 P a l e m b a n g T a h u n A j a r a n 2 0 1 4 / 2 0 1 5 6 3
Gambar Halaman
2 . 1 S t r u k t u r / B a g i a n T u b u h L u m u t 9
2 . 2 S p o r o f i t T u m b u h a n L u m u t 1 0
2 . 3 S t r u k t u r T u m b u h a n L u m u t D a u n 1 1
2 . 4 S i k l u s H i d u p T u m b u h a n L u m u t 1 2
2 . 5 L u m u t H a t i (Hepaticopsida) 1 4
2 . 6 Bangsa Marchantiales 1 5
2 . 7 Bangsa Jungermaniales 1 7
2 . 8 L u m u t h a t i ( L z o / / / n g m ) 1 8
2 . 9 L u m u t h a t i (Thysananthus retusus) 1 8
2 . 1 O L u m u t H a t i (Radula complanata) 1 9
2 . 1 I L u m u t h a t i (Porelaplatyphylla) 2 0
2.12 A nthoceropsida 2 1
2 . 1 3 hvsnnXXJavn (Bryopsidd) 2 2
2 . 1 4 Andreaea sp 1 2 3
2 . 1 5 Sphagnumfimbriatum 2 4
2 . 1 6 Polytrcum comune 2 6
2 . 1 7 L u m u t F o l i o s e 2 8
2 . 1 8 a . C r u s t o s e , b . S q u a m u l o s e , c . F r u t i c o s e 2 9
2 . 1 9 L u m u t K e r a k B e r f i l a m e n 2 9
2 . 2 0 Dermatocarpon miniatum 3 2
2 . 2 1 Verrucaria nigrescens 3 2
2 . 2 2 Usnea australis 3 3
2 . 2 2 Parmelia sulcata 3 4
2 . 2 3 Cora pavonia 3 5
2 . 2 4 P e t a L o k a s i D e s a T r i y o s o K e c a m a t a n B e l i t a n g K a b u p a t e n O K U
T i m u r 3 7
3 . 1 D e n a h L o k a s i P e n g a m b i l a n P l o t 4 2
4 . 1 J u m l a h S p e s i e s Bryophyta y a n g d i t e m u k a n d i D e s a T r i y o s o
K e c a m a t a n B e l i t a n g K a b u p a t e n O K U T i m u r 4 9 4 . 2 J u m l a h S p e s i e s Lichen y a n g d i t e m u k a n d i D e s a T r i y o s o
K e c a m a t a n B e l i t a n g K a b u p a t e n O K U T i m u r 5 0
4 . 3 H i s t o g r a m N i l a i T e s A w a l S i s w a K e l a s X S e m e s t e r 2 S M A 4 N e g e r i
P a l e m b a n g T a h u n A j a r a n 2 0 1 4 / 2 0 1 5 5 2
4 . 4 H i s t o g r a m N i l a i T e s A k h i r S i s w a K e l a s X S e m e s t e r 2 S M A N e g e r i 4
P a l e m b a n g T a h u n A j a r a n 2 0 1 4 / 2 0 1 5 5 3
4 . 5 Calymperes erosum 5 4
4 . 6 Calymperes tenerum 5 5
4 . 7 Syilhopodon fimbriatus 5 6
4 . 8 Syilhopodon spiculosus 5 7
4 . 9 Lopholejeunea zollingeri 5 8
4 . 1 0 Parmelia sulcata 5 9
4 . 1 1 Cryptothecia striata 6 0
4 . 1 2 Dirinaria picta 6 1
4 . 1 3 Dirinaria sp 6 2
Lampiran Halaman
1 . R P P ( R e n c a n a P e l a k s a n a a n P e m b e l a j a r a n ) 8 4
2 . S o a l R e n c a n a P e l a k s a n a a n P e m b e l a j a r a n 1 0 6
3 . N i l a i s i s w a 1 1 5
4 . R u m u s Bryophyta 1 1 6
5 . G a m b a r P r o s e s P e n g a m b i l a n S a m p e l 1 2 6
6 . G a m b a r P r o s e s P e m b e l a j a r a n d i S M A N e g e r i 8 P a l e m b a n g 1 2 7
7 . A l a t y a n g D i g u n a k a n D a l a m P e n e l i t i a n 1 2 8
8 . S u r a t K e p u t u s a n P e m b i m b i n g 1 2 9
9 . U s u l J u d u l 1 3 0
1 0 . P e r m o h o n a n R i s e t 1 3 1
1 1 . S u r a t K e p u t u s a n d a r i S M A N e g e r i 4 P a l e m b a n g 1 3 2
1 2 . S u r a t I z i n P e n e l i t i a n d a r i D i k n a s 1 3 3
1 3 . D a f t a r H a d i r S e m i n a r 1 3 4
1 4 . U n d a n g a n S e m i n a r 1 3 5
1 5 . S u r a t P e r m o h o n a n R i s e t 1 3 6
1 6 . P e n g e s a h a n P r o p o s a l 1 3 7
1 7 . S u r a t K e t e r a n g a n L a b o r a t o r i u m B i o l o g i F K I P U M P 1 3 8
1 8 . L a p o r a n K e m a j u a n B i m b i n g a n S k r i p s i P e m b i m b i n g 1 1 3 9
1 9 . L a p o r a n K e m a j u a n B i m b i n g a n S k r i p s i P e m b i m b i n g 11 1 4 0
BAB I P E N D A H U L U A N A. Latar Belakang
K a t a l u m u t b e r a s a l d a r i b a h a s a Y u n a n i hryum, " l u m u t " . L u m u t m e r u p a k a n k e l o m p o k t u m b u h a n y a n g t e r m a s u k d a l a m d i v i s i Bryophyta d a n m e r u p a k a n k e l o m p o k t u m b u h a n k e c i l y a n g t u m b u h m e n e m p e l p a d a s u b s t r a t b e r u p a p o h o n , k a y u
m a t i , k a y u l a p u k , s e r a s a h , t a n a h , d a n b e b a t u a n d e n g a n k o n d i s i l i n g k u n g a n l e m b a b
d a n p e n y i n a r a n y a n g c u k u p ( S a t i y e m , 2 0 1 2 )
T u m b u h a n l u m u t ( B r y o p h y t a ) s e c a r a t a k s o n o m i n y a b e r a d a a n t a r a Alga d a n
Pterodophyta. T u m b u h a n i n i m e r u p a k a n t u m b u h a n y a n g h i d u p d a n t e l a h m e n y e s u a i k a n d i r i d e n g a n l i n g k u n g a n d a r a t k h u s u s n y a d i t e m p a t - t e m p a t y a n g l e m b a b
d a n b a s a h . L u m u t d a p a t h i d u p m u l a i d a r i d a r a t a n r e n d a h h i n g g a d a r a t a n t i n g g i , d a n
d a r i d a e r a h t r o p i s h i n g g a d a e r a h p a d a n g t u n d r a d i k u t u b . H a n y a b e b e r a p a s p e s i e s
l u m u t s a j a y a n g d a p a t h i d u p d i a i r . D i d a e r a h t r o p i s , l u m u t t i d a k h a n y a h i d u p d i t a n a h
d a n b e b a t u a n , t e t a p i j u g a d i d a e r a h p i n g g i r a n s u n g a i s e r t a h i d u p s u b u r m e n u t u p i
d e d a u n a n t u m b u h a n l a i n ( A r i s a n d i , 2 0 0 9 )
T u m b u h a n l u m u t m e r u p a k a n s a l a h s a t u k e l o m p o k t u m b u h a n d a r i
k e a n e k a r a g a m a n h a y a t i y a n g b e l u m b a n y a k d i t e l i t i k a r e n a s e p i n t a s n a m p a k t i d a k
m e n a r i k p e r h a t i a n d a n b a h k a n s e r i n g d i a n g g a p s e b a g a i p e n y e b a b l i n g k u n g a n t e r l i h a t
k o t o r . N a m u n , b i l a d i p e r h a t i k a n s e c a r a s e k s a m a b e b e r a p a j e n i s t u m b u h a n i n i c u k u p
m e n a r i k , b a i k d a r i w a m a m a u p u n k e h i d u p a n n y a y a n g b e r k e l o m p o k m e m b e n t u k
b a n t a l a n s e p e r t i k a r p e t ( C a r m e n c i t a , 2 0 1 2 ) .
M a n f a a t t u m b u h a n l u m u t (Briophyta) d a p a t d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i o b a t , k a r e n a t e r d a p a t oil bodies y a n g m e n g a n d u n g s e n y a w a m e t a b o l i t s e k u n d e r t e r u t a m a a d a l a h g o l o n g a n t e r p e n o i d d a n s e n y a w a a r o m a t i k . B e b e i a p a d a r i s e n y a w a m e t a b o l i t i n i t e l a h
d i k e t a h u i m e m i l i k i a k t i v i l a s f a r m a k o l o g i s y a n g m e n a r i k ( P u t r i k a , 2 0 1 2 ) .
S e l a i n i t u l u m u t j u g a d a p a t d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i b a h a n u n t u k h i a s a n r u m a h
t a n g g a , b a h a n u n t u k i l m u p e n g e t a h u a n d a n s e b a g a i i n d i k a t o r b i o l o g i u n t u k
m e n g e t a h u i d e g r a d a s i l i n g k u n g a n . B e b e r a p a c o n t o h l u m u t y a n g d a p a t d i g u n a k a n
t e r s e b u t a d a l a h Calymperes, Campylopm d a n Sphagnum S e l a i n s e b a g a i i n d i k a t o r l i n g k u n g a n , k e b e r a d a a n l u m u t d i d a l a m h u t a n h u j a n t r o p i s s a n g a t m e m e g a n g p e r a n a n
p e n t i n g s e b a g a i t e m p a t t u m b u h o r g a n i s m e s e p e r t i s e r a n g g a d a n w a d u k a i r h u j a n
( A r i s a n d i , 2 0 0 9 ) .
L u m u t k e r a k (Lichen) a d a l a h s u a t u k o m b i n a s i d a r i a l g a a t a u cyanobacterium
d a n s u a t u j a m u r d i m a n a k e d u a k o m p o n e n b e r s a t u a t a u b e r g a b u n g m e m b e n t u k a p a
y a n g t e r l i h a t s e b a g a i s u a t u i n d i v i d u . A l g a d a n j a m u r b e r s i m b i o s i s m e m b e n t u k l u m u t
k e r a k y a n g b a r u j i k a m e n e m u k a n j e n i s y a n g t e p a t . L u m u t k e r a k t e r m a s u k t u m b u h a n
p e r i n t i s y a n g i k u t b e r p e r a n d a l a m p e m b e n t u k a n t a n a h , d a n h i d u p e p i f i t p a d a b a t a n g
-b a t a n g p o h o n . T u m -b u h a n i n i t i d a k m e m e r l u k a n s y a r a t y a n g k h u s u s y a n g -b a n y a k d a n
t a h a n t e r h a d a p k e k u r a n g a n a i r d a l a m w a k t u y a n g l a m a . K e t a h a n a n l u m u t k e r a k
t e r h a d a p k o n d i s i e k s t r i m s a n g a t t i n g g i d i m a n a l u m u t k e r a k y a n g h i d u p p a d a b a n t u a n
d a p a t m e n j a d i k e r i n g k a r e n a t e r i k n y a m a t a h a r i , t e t a p i t u m b u h a n i n i ^ t i d a k m a t i d a n
j i k a t u r u n h u j a n b i s a h i d u p k e m b a l i ( J u m a i d i , 2 0 1 3 ) .
L i c h e n s e l a i n d a p a t m e m p e n g a r u h i k o m p o n e n e k o s i s t e m l a i n j u g a
3
p e n c e m a r a n u d a r a t e m p a t l i c h e n h i d u p . O l e h k a r e n a i t u , l i c h e n d a p a t d i j a d i k a n
b i o i n d i k a t o r p e n c e m a r a n u d a r a p a d a s u a t u l i n g k u n g a n . S e m a k i n j a u h d a r i s u m b e r
p o l u s i , k e r a g a n i a n l i c h e n s e m a k i n b e r t a m b a h d a n s p e s i e s - s p e s i e s y a n g d i t e m u k a n
a k a n b e r u b a h ( U s u a l i , 2 0 1 3 ) .
K e b e r a d a a n t u m b u h a n l u m u t s a a t i n i m a s i h k u r a n g m e n d a p a t p e r h a t i a n h a l i n i
k a r e n a s e b a g i a n o r a n g m e n g a n g g a p b a h w a l u m u t d i k e n a l s e b a g a i t u m b u h a n y a n g
m e n g o t o r i t e m p a t d i m a n a i a t u m b u h , p a d a h a l l u m u t m e m i l i k i f u n g s i s e c a r a b i o l o g i s
y a i t u m e r u p a k a n t u m b u h a n p e r i n t i s y a n g d a p a t t u m b u h d i b e r b a g a i l i n g k u n g a n
s e b e l u m t u m b u h a n l a i n t u m b u h ( A l v y a n t o , 2 0 0 9 ) .
B e r d a s a r k a n h a s i l s u r v e y y a n g d i l a k u k a n p e n e l i t i d i d e s a T r i y o s o K e c a m a t a n
B e l i t a n g , s e b a g i a n b e s a r w i l a y a h n y a t e r d a p a t j e n i s p o h o n , d i a n t a r a n y a p o h o n
m a n g g a , k a p a s , r a m b u t a n , d a n k e l a p a y a n g d i t u m b u h i o l e h t u m b u h a n l u m u t .
T u m b u h a n l u m u t m a m p u h i d u p d a l a m l i n g k i m g a n y a n g b e r v a r i a s i , l>eberdpa j e n i s
d i a n t a r a n y a m e m i l i k i p o t e n s i y a n g d a p a t d i m a n f a a t k a n u n t u k o b a t - o b a t a n d a n j u g a
b e r p e r a n d a l a m m e m p e r t a h a n k a n k e l e m b a b a n u d a r a d a l a m e k o s i s t e m h u t a n s e r t a
m e m b e n t u k t a n a h y a n g s e s u a i u n t u k p e r t u m b u h a n t u m b u h a n l a i n . N a m u n m a s y r a k a t
d i w i l a y a h t e r s e b u t b e l u m m e n g e t a h u i d a n m e m a n f a a t k a n k e b e r a d a a n l u m u t s e c a r a
m a k s i m a l .
B e r d a s a r k a u r a i k a n d i a t a s p e n e l i t i t e r t a r i k i n g i n m e l a k u k a n p e n e l i t i a n t e n t a n g
K e a n e k a r a g a m a n J e n i s Bryophyta d ^ m L u m u t K e r a k (Lichen) y a n g M e n e m p e l p a d a P o h o n y a n g t e r d a p a t d i d e s a T r i y o s o K e c . B e l i t a n g K a b . O k u T i m u r S u m a t e r a
S e i a t a n k a r e n a s e l a m a i n i b e l u m a d a i n f o r m a s i t e n t a n g p e n e l i t i a n l u m u t d i S u m a t e r a
-c i r i m o r f o l o g i s , m e t a g e n e s i s , p e r a n a n n y a d a l a m k e b e r l a n g s u n g a n h i d u p d i b u m i
d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n m o d e l p e m b e l a j a r a n Picture and Picture. M o d e l p e m b e l a j a r a n p i c t u r e a n d p i c t u r e m e r u p a k a n s u a t u m o d e l b e l a j a r y a n g m e n g g u n a k a n g a m b a r d a n
d i p a s a n g k a n , d i u r u t k a n m e n j a d i u r u t a n l o g i s . M o d e l P e m b e l a j a r a n i n i m e n g a n d a l k a n
g a m b a r s e b a g a i m e d i a d a l a m p r o s e s p e m b e l a j a r a n p e m b e l a j a r a n ( S a d i m a n , 2 0 1 3 ) .
S a i a h s a t u k e u n g g u l a n m o d e l p e m b e l a j a r a n i n i m e n g a j a k s i s w a u n t u k d a p a t
m u d a h m e m a h a m i m a t e r i p e m b e l a j a r a n m e n g e n a i s u a t u k o n s e p a t a u t o p i k d a l a m
s u a s a n a y a n g m e n y e n a n g k a n . P e n e r a p a n m o d e l i n i d i m u l a i d e n g a n t e k n i k y a i t u g u r u
m e n y a j i k a n m a t e r i y a n g a k a n d i s a m p a i k a n d e n g a n m e n u n j u k k a n s e b u a h g a m b a r
k e m u d i a n s a l a h s a t u s i s w a d i t u n j u k u n t u k m e n j a w a b a t a u m e n e b a k g a m b a r t e r s e b u t ,
j i k a s i s w a d a p a t m e n e b a k m a k a d i b e r i p o i n t ( A r i k u n t o , 2 0 0 6 ) .
B. Rumusan Masalah
1 . J e n i s - j e n i s L u m u t a p a s a j a k a h y a n g m e n e m p e l p a d a p o h o n d i d e s a T r i y o s o
K e c . B l i t a n g K a b . O K U T i m u r S u m a t e r a S e i a t a n ?
2 . A p a k a h d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n m o d e l Picture and Picture d a p a t m e n i n g k a t k a n h a s i l b e l a j a r s i s w a k e l a s X S M A N e g e r i 4 P a l e m b a n g S e m e s t e r 2 t a h u n
p e l a j a r a n 2 0 1 4 / 2 0 1 5 p a d a k o m p e t e n s i i n t i 7 T u m b u h a n , c i r i - c i r i m o r f o l o g i s ,
m e t a g e n e s i s , p e r a n a n n y a d a l a m k e b e r l a n g s u n g a n l i i d u p d i b u m i ?
C . Tujuan Penelitan
\ . U n t u k m e n g e t a h u i j e n i s - j e n i s L u m u t y a n g m e n e m p e l p a d a p o b o n d i D e s a
T r i y o s o K e c . B l i t a n g K a b . O K U T i m u r S u m a t e r a S e i a t a n .
2 . U n t u k m e n g e t a h u i p e n i n g k a t a n h a s i l b e l a j a r s i s w a k e l a s X S M A N e g e r i 4
5
T u m b u h a n , c i r i - c i r i m o r f o l o g i s , m e t a g e n e s i s , p e r a n a n n y a d a l a m
k e b e r l a n g s u n g a n h i d u p d i b u m i m o d e l p e m b e l a j a r a n Picture and Picture. D. Manfaat Penelitian
1. B a g i p e n e l i t i u n t u k d a p a t m e n g e t a h u i j e n i s - j e n i s L u m u t y a n g m e n e m p e l p a d a
p o h o n d i D e s a T r i y o s o K e c . B l i t a n g K a b . O K U T i m u r S u m a t e r a S e i a t a n
2 . B a g i m a s y r a k a t d a p a t d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i b a h a n i l m u p e n g e t a h u a n u n t u k
p e n e l i t i a n l e b i h l a n j u t
3 . B a g i s i s w a s e b a g a i t a m b a h a n i n f o r m a s i d a l a m m e n i n g k a t k a n h a s i l b e l a j a r
s i s w a k e l a s X S M A N e g e r i 4 P a l e m b a n g S e m e s t e r 2 t a h u n p e l a j a r a n
2 0 1 4 / 2 0 1 5 p a d a k o m p e t e n s i i n t i 7 T u m b u h a n , c i r i - c i r i m o r f o l o g i s ,
m e t a g e n e s i s , p e r a n a n n y a d a l a m k e b e r l a n g s u n g a n h i d u p d i b u m i p a d a m a t e r i
l u m u t .
E . Ruang Lingkup dan Keterbatasan Penelitian 1. Ruang Lingkup
a. P e n e l i t i a n d i l a k u k a n d i d e s a T r i y o s o K e c . B e l i t a n g K a b . O K U T i m u r
b . P e n e l i t i a n p e n g a j a r a n d i l a k s a n a k a n d i k e l a s X S M A N e g e r i 4 P a l e m b a n g
S e m e s t e r 2 t a h u n p e l a j a r a n 2 0 1 4 / 2 0 1 5 p a d a k o m p e t e n s i i n t i 7 T u m b u h a n ,
c i r i - c i r i m o r f o l o g i s , m e t a g e n e s i s , p e r a n a n n y a d a l a m k e b e r l a n g s u n g a n
h i d u p d i b u m i M a t e r i y a n g d i b a h a s p a d a p e n e l i t i a n i n i a d a l a h
K e a n e k a r a g a m a n J e n i s L u m u t
2. Keterbatasan Penelitian
a. L u m u t y a n g d i a m a t i a d a l a h l u m u t y a n g m e n e m p e l p a d a p o h o n d i d e s a
b . P e n g a m b i l a n s a m p e l d i l a k u k a n p a d a p a g i h a r i ( p u k u l 0 8 . 0 0 - 1 0 . 0 0 W I B )
d a n s i a n g h a r i ( P u k u l 1 4 . 0 0 - 1 6 . 0 0 W I B ) s e l a m a 1 5 h a r i .
c. T a n a m a n p o h o n y a n g a m b i l a d a l a h p o h o n y a n g b e r u m u r l e b i h d a r i 3 t a h u n
d . P e n g a m b i l a n s a m p e l d i l a k u k a n p a d a k e t i n g g i a n 1 - 2 m e t e r d a r i p e r m u k a a n
t a n a h .
e. M e t o d e p e n e l i t i a n d e s k r i p t i f k u a l i t a t i f d a t a d i d a p a t d e n g a n c a r a s u r v e i
f. M o d e l p e m b e l a j a r a n d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n m o d e l p e m b e l a j a r a n Picture and Picture.
g . S e t e l a h l u m u t d i d a p a t s e l a n j u t n y a d i k l a s i f i k a s i k a n m e n u r u t j e n i s n n y a
m a s i n g - m a s i n g d a n d i f o t o s e b a g a i d o k u m e n t a s i .
h . P e n e n e n t u a n p e n g a m b i l a n p o h o n d i t e n t u k a n d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n m e t o d e
Prupose Sampling y a i t u p e n g a m b i l a n s a m p e l s e c a r a l a n g s u n g d a n t e r p i l i h b e r d a s a r k a n p e t i m b a n a g n k e a d a a n d i s e k i t a r p e n e l i t i a n .
B A B 11
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
A. Pengertian Lumut (Bryophyta)
T u m b u h a n l u m u t m e r u p a k a n s e k u m p u l a n t u m b u h a n k e c i l y a n g t e r m a s u k d a l a m
B r y o p h y t a ( d a r i b a h a s a Y u n a n i hryum, " l u m u t " ) . T u m b u h a n i n i s u d a h m e n u n j u k k a n d i f e r e n s i a s i t e g a s a n t a r a o r g a n p e n y e r a p h a r a d a n o r g a n f o t o s i n t e t i k n a m u n b e l u m
m e m i l i k i a k a r d a n d a u n s e j a t i ( T j i t r o s o e p o m o , 2 0 0 9 ) .
L u m u t m e r u p a k a n k e l o m p o k t u m b u h a n y a n g t e l a h b e r a d a p t a s i d e n g a n
l i n g k u n g a n d a r a t . K e l o m p o k t u m b u h a n i n i p e n y e b a r a n n y a m e n g g u n a k a n s p o r a d a n
t e l a h m e n d i a m i b u m i s e m e n j a k k u r a n g l e b i h 3 5 0 j u t a t a h u n y a n g l a l u . P a d a m a s a
s e k a r a n g i n i B r y o p h y t a d a p a t d i t e m u k a n d i s e m u a h a b i t a t k e c u a l i d i l a u i ( H a s a n d a n
A r i y a n t i , 2 0 0 4 ) ,
P e r b e d a a n m e n d a s a r a n t a r a g a n g g a n g d e n g a n l u m u t d a n t u m b u h a n
b e r p e m b u l u h t e l a h b e r a d a p t a s i d e n g a n l i n g k u n g a n d a r a t y a n g k e r i n g d e n g a n
m e m p u n y a i o r g a n r e p r o d u k s i ( g a m e t a n g i u m d a n s p o r a n g i u m ) , s e l a l u t e r d i r i d a r i
b a n y a k s e l ( m u l t i s e l l u l e r ) d a n d i l i n d u n g i o l e h l a p i s a n s e l - s e l m a n d u l , z i g o t n y a
b e r k e m b a n g m e n j a d i e m b r i o d a n t e t a p t i n g g a l d i d a l a m g a m e t a n g i u m b e t i n a . O l e h
k a r e n a i t u l u m u t d a n t u m b u h a n b e r p e m b u l u h p a d a u m u m n y a m e r u p a k a n t u m b u h a n
d a r a t t i d a k s e p e r t i g a n g g a n g y a n g k e b a n y a k a n a q u a t i k ( T j i t r o s o e p o m o , 1 9 8 9 ) .
L u m u t d a p a t d i b e d a k a n d a r i t u m b u h a n b e r i \ ^ m b u l u h t e r u t a m a k a r e n a l u m u t
( k e c u a l i P o l y t r i c h a l e s ) t i d a k m e m p u n y a i s i s t e m p e n g a n g k u t a i r d a n m a k a n a n . S e l a i n
i t u l u m u t t i d a k m e m p u n y a i a k a r s e j a t i , l u m u t m e l e k a t p a d a s u b s t r a t d e n g a n
m e n g g u n a k a n r h i z o i d . S i k l u s h i d u p l u m u t d a n t u m b u h a n b e r p e m b u l u h j u g a b e r b e d a
( H a s a n d a n A r i y a n t i , 2 0 0 4 ) .
P a d a t u m b u h a n b e r p e m b u l u h , t u m b u h a n s e s u n g g u h n y a d i a l a m m e r u p a k a n
g e n e r a s i a s e k s u a l ( s p o r o f i t ) , s e d a n g k a n g e n e r a s i g a m e t o f i t n y a s a n g a t t e r e d u k s i .
S e b a l i k n y a p a d a l u m u t , t u m b u h a n s e s u n g g u h n y a m e r u p a k a n g e n e r a s i s e k s u a l
( g a m e t o f i t ) . S p o r o f i t l u m u t s a n g a t t e r e d u k s i d a n s e l a m a p e r k e m b a n g a n n y a m e l e k a t
d a n t e r g a n t u n g p a d a g a m e t o f i t ( P o l u n i n , 1 9 9 0 )
1. Morfologi Tumbuhan Lumut
T u m b u h a n l u m u t b e r w a m a h i j a u k a r e n a m e m p u n y a i s e l - s e l d e n g a n p l a s t i d a
y a n g m e n g h a s i l k a n k l o r o f i l a d a n b . l u m u t b e r s i f a t a u t o t r o f d a n m e r u p a k a n t u m b u h a n
p e r a l i h a n a n t a r a t m b u h a n l u m u t b e r k o r m u s d a n b e r t a l u s . L u m u t d a p a t b e r a d a p t a s i
u n t u k t u m b u h d i t a n a h , b e l u m m e m p u n y a i j a r i n g a n p e n g a n g k u t , s u d a h m e m i l k i s e l
y a n g t e r d i r i d a r i s e l u l o s a .
U k u r a n t u m b u h a n l u m u t r e l a t i f k e c i l d a n j a r a n g a d a y a n g m e n c a p a i 1 5 c m ,
b a h k a n a d a y a n g t i n g g i n y a h a n y a b e b e r a p a m i l i m e t e r s a j a . B e n t u k t u b u h n y a p i p i h
s e p e r t i p i t a d a n a d a p u l a s e p e r t i b a t a n g d e n g a n d a u n - d a u n k e c i l . T u m b u h t e g a t a t a u
m e n d a t a r p a d a s u b s t r a t n y a d e n g a n p e r a n t a r a r h i z o i d . L u m u t m e m i l i k i d u a j e n i s a l a t
9
d a n a r k e g o n i u m t e r l e t a k p a d a s a t u i n d i v i d u d a n lumui berumah dua, b i l a a n t e r i d i u m d a n a r k e g o n i u m t e r l e t a k p a d a i n d i v i d u y a n g b e r l a i n a n ( S a t i y e m , 2 0 1 2 ) .
2. Struktur Tubuh Tumbuhan Lumut
M e n u r u t C a r m e n c i t a ( 2 0 1 2 : 1 4 - 1 5 ) , s t r u k t u r t u b u h t u m b u h a n l u m u t t e r s u s u n
a t a s b e b e r a p a b a g i a n y a i t u :
a. B a t a n g L u m u t t e r d i r i d a r i s u s u n a n s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :
1 ) S e l a p i s s e l k u l i t , b e b e r a p a s e l d i a n t a r a n y a m e m b e n t u k s e l rizoid e p i d e r m i s
2 ) L a p s a n k u l i t d a l a m ( k o r t e k s ) , s i l i n d e r p u s a t y a n g t e r d i r i s e l - s e l p a r e n k i m a t i k
y a n g m e m a n j a n g u n t u k m e n g a n g k u t a i r d a n g a r a m , b e l u m t e r d a p a floem d a n
x y l e m .
3 ) S i l i n d e r p u s a t y a n g t e r d i r i d a r i s e l - s e l p a r e n k i m y a n g m e m a n j a n g d a n
b e r f u n g s i s e b a g a i J a r i n g a n p e n g a n g k u t .
b . D a u n t e r s u s i m a t a s s a t u l a p i s s e l
S e l - s e l d a u n n y a k e c i l , s e m p i t , p a n j a n g d a n m e n g a n d u n g k l o r o p l a s y a n g
t e r s u s u n s e p e r t i j a l a , L u m u t h a n y a d a p a t t u m b u h m e m a n j a n g t e t a p i l i d a k G a m b a r 2 . 1 : S t r u k t u r / B a g i a n T u b u h L u m u t
m e l e b a r , k a r e n a t i d a k a d a s e l b e r d i n d i n g s e k u n d e r y a n g b e r f u n g s i s e b a g a i
j a r i n g a n p e n y o k o n g . !
c . R i z o i d
R i z o i d t e r d i r i d a r i s e l a p i s s e l k a d a n g d e n g a n s e k a t y a n g t i d a k s e m p u m a ,
m e m b e n t u k b e n a n g s e b a g a i a k a r u n t k m e l e k a t p a d a t e m p a t t u m b u h n y a d a n
m e n y e r a p g a r a m - g a r a m m i n e r a l .
d . S p o r o f i t
S p o r o f i t t e r d i r i a t a s b a g i a n - b a g i a n :
1 ) V a g i n u l a : k a k i y a n g d i l i n d u n g i o l e h s i s a a r k e g o n i u m
: t a n g k a i
: u j u n g s e t a y a n g m e m b e s a r y a n g m e m p a k a n p e r a l i h a n d a r i
t a n g k a i d a n s p o r a n g i u m
: k o t a k s p o r a
: t u d u n g y a n g t e r d i r i d a r i a r k e g i u m s e b e l a h a t a s 2 ) S e t a
3 ) A p o f i s i s
4 ) S p o n g a r i u m
5 ) K a l i p t r a
>
G m n b a r 2 . 2 : S p o r o f i t T u m b u h a n L u m u t :
a. k a l i p t r a , b . o p e r k u l u m , c . k o l u m e l a , d . a p o f i s i s , e. s e t a ( t a n g k a i ) , f. a r k o g o n i u m , g . v a g i n u l a
11
e. G a m e t o f i t
G a m e t o f i t t e r d i r i d a r i :
1 ) A n t e r i d i u m ( s e l k e l a m i n j a n t a n ) y a n g m e n g h a s i l k a n s p e r m a
2 ) A r k e g o n i u m ( s e l k e l a m i b e t i n a ) y a n g m e n g h a s i l k a n s e l t e l u r ( C a r m e n c i t a ,
[ A A A
V > d .G a m b a r 2 . 3 S t r u k t u r T u m b u h a n L u m u t D a u n
( 1 . S p o r o f i t : a . S p o r a n g i u m , b . S e t a . 2 . G a m e t o f i t c . S t o l o n , d . R i z o i d ) ( S u m b e r : H a r s i w i , 2 0 1 2 )
3. Siklus Hidup Lumut
L u m u t m e m p u n y a i s i k l u s h i d u p d i p l o b i o n t i k d e n g a n p e r g a n t i a n g e n e r a s i
h e t e r o m o r f i k . K e l o m p o k t u m b u h a n i m m e n i m j u n k k a n p e r g i l i r a n g e n e r a s i g a m e t o f i t
d a n s p o r o f i t y a n g s e c a r a m o r f o l o g i b e r b e d a . G e n e r a s i y a n g d o m i n a n a d a l a h
g a m e t o f i i , s e i i i e a l a i a s p u r o f i u i y a s e c a i a p e i i f i a i i c u m e l e k a t d a n L e r g a n t u n g p a d a
g a m e t o f i t . S p o r o f i t s e l a m a h i d u p n y a m e n d a p a t m a k a n a n d a r i ^ g a m e t o f i t ( S a t i y e m ,
s p o r a p r o t o n e m a
T u m b u h a n L u m u t ( G a m e t o f i t )
s p o r a n g i u m
s p o r o g o n i u m
a n l e r i d i u m a r k e g o n i u m
i
s p e r m a o v u m
s p o r o f i l z i g o t ( 2 n )
G a m b a r 2 . 4 S i k l u s H i d u p T u m b u h a n L u m u t ( S u m b e r : D a n i e l , 2 0 1 1 )
P a d a s i k l u s h i d u p t u m b u h a n l u m u t , sporofit a k a n m e n g h a s i l k a n s p o r a y a n g a k a n b e r k e c a m b a h m e n j a d i protonema. S e l a n j u t n y a d a r i protonema a k a n m u n c u l
gameofit. G e n e r a s i gametofit m e m p u n y a i s a t u s e t k r o m o s o m ( h a p l o i d ) d a n i i i c i i g l j a s i l k a i i o i g m i scA, { g u t n Q u n g l u n t ) y a i i g d i s e b u t a i c h e g o i i i u i u ( b c t i i t a ) y a n g
m e n g h a s i l k a n s e l t e l u r d a n a n t h e r e d i u m ( j a n t a n ) y a n g m e n g h a s i l k a n s p e r m a
b e r f l a g e l a {antherezoid d a n spermathozoid). G a m e a n g i u m j a n t a n ( a n t e r i d i u m ) b e i b c i i t u k b u l u t u U i u s c p c i t i g a d a , s e d a n g k a n b e t i n a ( a r k e g o n i u m ) b e r b e n t u k s e p c r t i
b o t o l d e n g a n b a g i a n l e b a r d i s e b u t p e r u t d a n b a g i a n s e m p i t d i s e b u t l e h e r , Gametangia
j a n t a n d a n b e t i n a d a p a t d i h a s i l k a n p a d a t a n a m a n y a n g s a m a ( m o n o c e o u s ) a t a u p a d a
t a n a m a b e r b e d a ( d i o c c o u s ) ( S a t i y e m , 2 0 1 2 ) .
1 3
d i h a s i l k a r m y a s p o r a m e i a l u i meiosis. S e t e l a h s p o r a m a s u k d a n d i b e b a s k a n d a r d a l a m k a p s u l b e r a r t i s a t u s i k l u s h i d u p t e l a h I e n g k a p ( C a r m e n c i t a , 2 0 1 2 ) .
4. Klasifikasi Lumut
D i v i s i Bryophyta d i b a g i m e n j a d i t i g a k e l a s , y a i t u l u m u t h a t i (Hepaticopsida),
l u m u t t a n d u k (Anthocerotopsida), d a n l u m u t d a u n (Bryopsida) ( T j i t r o s o m o , 1 9 8 4 : 7 6 ) .
a. Lumut Hati (Hepaticopsida)
M e n u r u t A r i s a n d i ( 2 0 0 9 ) , K l a s i f i k a s i L u m u t H a t i (Hepaticopsida) a d a l a h s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :
K i n g d o m : P l a n t a e
D i v i s i o n : H e p a t i c o p h y t a
K e l a s : H e p a t i c o s i d a
O i d o : H e p a t i c o c e a l e s
F a m i l y : H e p a t i c o c e a e
G e n u s : H e p a t i c o p s i d a
S p e s i e s : Hepaticopsida sp
G a m b a r 2 . 5 L u m u t H a t i (Hepaticopsida)
T u m b u h a n i n i m e r u p a k a n s u a t u k e l a s k e c i l y a n g b i a s a n y a t e r d i r i a t a s t u m b u h a n
b e r k u r a n r e l a t i v e k e c i l y a n g d a p a t m e l a k u k a n f o t o s i n t e s i s , m e s k i p u n b e r s i f a t
m u i t i s e l u l e r d a n t a m p a k d e n g a n m a l a b u g i l . T u b u h n y a t e r b a g i m e n j a d i d u a l o b u s
s e h i n g g a t a m p a k s e p e r t i l o b u s p a d a h a t i . B e k e m b a n g b i a k s e c a r a g e n e r a t i f d e n g a n
o o g o m i , d a n s e c a r a v e g e t a t i v e d e n g a n f f a g m e n t a s i , t u n a s , d a n k u n c u p e r a m . L u m u t
h a t i m e l e k a t p a d a s u b s t r a t d e n g a n r i z o i d u n i s e l u l e r ( C a r m e n c i t a , 2 0 1 2 ) .
B e r d a s a r k a n b e n t u k t a l u s n y a , l u m t h a t i d i b a g i m e n j a d i d u a k e l o m p o k y a i t u
l u m u t h a t i b e r t a l u s d a n l u m u t h a t i b e r d a u n . T u b u h l u m u t h a t i m e n y e r u p a i t a l u s
( d o r s i v e n t r a l ) , b a g i a n a t a s d o r s a l b e r b e d a d e n g a n b a g i a n b a w a l i v e n t r a l , d a u n b i l a
a d a t a m p a k r u s a k d a n t e r s u s i m p a d a t i g a d e r e t p a d a b a t a n g s u m b u . A l a t k e l a m i n
t e r l e t a k p a d a b a g i a n d o r s a l t a l u s , p a d a j e n i s t e r l e t a k p a d a b a g i a n t e r m i n a l ,
s p o n g o r i u m s e d e r h a n a t e r s u s u n a t a s b a g i a n k a k i t a n g k a i dm\ k a p s u l . m e k a n i s m e m e r e k a j n y a k a p s u l t i d a k m e n e n t u d a n t i d a k t e r a t u r ( S a t i y e m , 2 0 1 2 )
K e b a n y a k a n l u m u t h a t i h i d u p p a d a t e m p a t - t e m p a t y a n g b a s a h , o l e h s e b a b i t u
t u b u h n y a m e m p u n y a i s t r u k t u r y a n g h i g r o m o r f . B e n t u k l a i n j a r a n g
d i t e m u k a n , m e s k i p u n a d a p u l a y a n g t e r d a p a t p a d a t e m p a t - t e m p a t y a n g k e r i n g ,
m i s a l n y a p a d a k u l i t - k u l i t p o h o n , d i a t a s t a n a h a t a u b a t u c a d a s , s e h i n g g a t u b u h n y a
p e r l u m e m p i m y a i s t r u k t u r y a n g xeromorf ( a l a t p e n y i m p a n a i r ) . L u m u t h a t i y a n g h i d u p epifit u m u m n y a m e n e m p e l p a d a d a u n - d a u n p e p o h o n a n d a l a m r i m b a d a e r a h t r o p i k a . C o n t o h l u m u t h a t i d i a n t a r a n y a a d a l a h :
1) Baing^a M a r c h a n t i a l e s '
S e b a g i a n l u m u t h a t i t e r g o l o n g d a l a m b a n g s a i n i m e m p u n y a i s u s u n a n t a l u s y a n g
15
d i n a m a k a n s i s i k - s i s i k p e r u t a t a u s i s i k v e n t r a l . S e l a i n i t u p a d a s i s i b a w a h t a l u s t e d a p a t
rizoid-rizoid, y a n g b e r s i f a t f o t o t r o p n e g a t i v e d a n d i n d i n g s e l n y a m e m p u n y a i
p c i i c b a l a n k e d a l a m y a n g b e n l u k n y a s e p c r t i s e k a t - s e k a l y a n g l i d a k s e m p u m a
( A p r i a n a , 2 0 I 0 ) .
P e r m u k a a n a t a s t a l u s m e m p u n y a i l a p i s a n k u t i k u l a , o l e h s e b a b i t u h a m p i r t i d a k
m n g k i n d i l a l u i o l e h a i r . J i k a d i l i h a t d a r i a t a s , t a l u s k e l i h a t a n b e r p e t a k - p e t a k . D i
b a w a h t i a p - t i a p p e t a k d d a l a m t a l u s t e r d a p a t s u a t u r u a n g u d a r a , d a n d i t e n g a h p e t a k
t e r d a p a t s u a t u l i a n g u d a r a y a n g m e n g h u b u n g k a n r u a n g u d a r a t a d i d e n g a n d u n i a l u a r .
C o n t o h : Marchantia stremanii, Marchantia polymorpha, Ricardia multifida ( L ) . S . G r a y , Ricciafluitans d a n Riccia nutans ( T j i t r o s o e p o m o , 1 9 8 9 ) .
G a m b a r 2 . 6 B a n g s a Marchantiales
( S u m b e r : B a c h r i , 2 0 1 2 )
M e n u r u t ( B a c h r i , 2 0 1 2 ) , K l a s i f i k a s i i l m i a h b a n g s a Marchantiales a d a l a h s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :
K i n g d o m : P l a n t a e
D i v i s i o : B r y o p h y t a
: H c p a t i c a e
\
C l a s s i s
O r d o : M a r c h a n t i a l e s
G a m b a r 2 . 7 B a n g s a Jungermaniales
( S u m b e r : E d a w u a , 2 0 1 3 )
M e n u r u t E d a w u a ( 2 0 1 2 ) , K l a s i f i k a s i I l m i a h s p e s i e s L u m u t h a t i (Lopholejeunea zollingeri) a d a l a h s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :
K i n g d o m : P l a n t a e
D i v i s i : M a r c h a n t i o p h y t a
K e l a s : J u n g e r m a n n i o p s i d a
O r d o : P o r e l l a l e s
F a m i l i : L e j e u n e a c e a e
G e n u s .: Lopholejeunea
S p e s i e s : Lopholejeunea zollingeri
G a m b a r 2 . 8 L u m u t h a t i (L. zollingeri)
18
M e n u r u t E d a w u a ( 2 0 1 2 ) , K l a s i f i k a s i l l m i a h s p e s i e s L u m u t h a t i {Thysananthus retusus) a d a l a h s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :
K i n g d o m
D i v i s i
K e l a s
O r d o
F a m i l i
G e n u s
S p e s i e s
: P l a n t a e
: M a r c h a n t i o p h y t a
: J u n g e r m a n n i o p s i d a
: P o r e l l a l e s
: L e j e u n e a c e a e
: Thysananthus
: Thysananthus retusus
G a m b a r 2 . 9 L u m u t h a t i (Thysananthus retusus)
( S u m b e r : E d a w u a , 2 0 1 3 )
M e n u r u t E d a w u a ( 2 0 1 2 ) , K l a s i f i k a s i I l m i a h s p e s i e s L u m u t h a t i (Radula complanata), a d a l a h s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :
K i n g d o m : P l a n t a e
D i v i s i : H e p a t o p h y t a
K e l a s y : J u n g e r m a n n i o p s i d a
O r d o : J u n g e r m a n n i a i e s
F a m i l i : R a d u l a c e a e
G e n u s : R a d u l a
G a m b a r 2 . 1 0 L u m u t H a t i {Radula complanata)
I ( S u m b e r : E d a w u a , 2 0 1 3 ) )
M e n u r u t K a d a f i ( 2 0 1 2 ) , K l a s i f i k a s i I l m i a h s p e s i e s L u m u t h a t i (Porela Platyphylla), a d a l a h s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :
K i n g d o m : P l a n t a e
D i v i s i : H e p a t o p h y t a
K e l a s : J u n g e r m a n n i o p s i d a
O r d o : J u n g e r m a n n i a i e s
F a m i l i : P o r e l l a c e a e
G e n u s : P o r e l l a
S n e s i e s
A
: Porela Plotyphylln
G a m b a r 2 . 1 1 L u m u t h a t i (Porela Platyphylla)
2 0
b. Lumu Tanduk (Anthoceropsida)
D i s e b u t s e b a g a i l u m u t t a n d u k k a r e n a m o r f o l o g i s p o r o f i t n y a m i r i p s e p e r t i
t a n d u k h e w a n . A n t h o c e r o p s i d a a t a u l u m u t t a n d u k m e m p u n y a i g a m e t o f i i b e r t a l u s
d e n g a n s p o r o f i t i n d e t e r m i n a t e d a n b e r k l o r o f i l . B e r b e d a d e n g a n B r y o p h y t a l a i n n y a ,
s e l - s e l t a l u s A n t h o c e r p s i d a m e m p u n y a i s a t u k l o r o p l a s b e s a r p a d a m a s i n g - m a s i n g
s e l n y a . K a p s u l b e r b e n t u k s i l i n d r i s m e m a n j a n g d i m u l a i d a r i b a g i a n u j u n g k a p s u l
( H a s a n d a n A r i y a n t i , 2 0 0 4 ) .
B e n t u k t u b u h n y a s e p e r t i l u m u t h a t i y a i t u b e r u p a t a l u s , t e t a p i s p o r o f i t n y a
b e r u p a k a p s u l m e m a n j a n g . S e l l u m u t t a n d u k h a n y a m e m p u n y a i s a t u k l o r o p l a s . H i d u p
d i t e p i s u n g a i , d a n a u , a t a u s e p a n j a n g s e l o k a n . R e p r o d u k s i s e p e r t i l u m u t h a t i
M e m p u n y a i g a m e t o f i t l u m u t h a t i , p e r b e d a a n n y a a d a l a h t e r l e t a k p a d a s p o r o f i i l u m u t
i n i m e m p u n y a i k a p s u l m e m a n j a n g y a n g t u m b u h s e p e r t i t a n d u k d a r i g a m e t o f i t ,
m a s i n g -- m a s i n g m e m p u n y a i k l o r o p l a s t u n g g a l y a n g b e r u k u r a n b e s a r , l e b i h b e s a r
d a r i k e b a n y a k a n t u m b u h a n l u m u t . C o n t o h l u m u t t a n d u k a d a l a h B a n g s a
Anthocerotales ( U s m a n , 2 0 1 2 ) .
M e n u r u t A r i s a n d i ( 2 0 0 9 ) K l a s i f i k a s i I l m i a h B a n g s a Anthoceropsida. a d a l a h s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :
K i n g d o m : P l a n t e a
D i v i s i o n : A n t h e c e r o p t o p h y t a
K e l a s : A n t h e c e r o p t o p s i d a
O r d o : A n t h e c e r o p t o c e a l e s
F a m i l y : A n t h e c e r o p t o c e a e
G e n u s : A n t h e c e r o p t o p s i d a
G a m b a r 2 . 1 2 Anthoceropsida
( S u m b e r : A r i s a n d i , 2 0 0 9 )
c. Lumut Daun (Bryopsidd)
M e n u r u t A r i s a n d i ( 2 0 0 9 ) K l a s i f i k a s i L u m u t D a i m (Bryopsidd) a d a l a h s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :
K i n g d o : P l a n t a e '
D i v i s i o n : B r y o p h y t a
K e l a s : B r y o p s i d a
O r d o : B r y o p c e a l e s
F a m i l y : B r y o p c e a e
G e n u s : B r y o p s i d a
S p e s i e s '.Bryopsida sp
G a m b a r 2 . 1 3 L u m u t D a u n (Bryopsida)
22
L u m u t d a u n j u g a d i s e b u t l u m u t s e j a t i b e n t u k t u b u h n y a b e r u p a t u m b u h a n k e c i l
d e n g a n b a g i a n s e p e r t i a k a r ( r i z o i d ) , b a t a n g d a n d a u n . R e p r o d u k s i v e g e t a t i f d e n g a n
m e m b e n t u k k u n c u p p a d a c a b a n g - c a b a n g b a t a n g . K u n c u p a k a n m e m b e n t u k l u m u t
b a r u .
B r y o p s i d a a d a l a h k e l a s y a n g t e r b e s a r d i a n t a r a a n g g o t a B r y o p h y t a l a i n n y a d a n
p a l i n g t i n g g i t i n g k a t p e r k e m b a n g a n n y a k a r e n a b a i k g a m e t o f i t m a u p u n s p o r o f i t n y a
s u d a h m e m p u n y a i b a g i a n - b a g i a n y a n g l e b i h k o m p l e k s . G a m e t o f i t d a r i l u m u t d a u n
u m u m n y a d i b e d a k a n d a l a m 2 t i n g k a t a n y a i t u p r o t o n e m a y a n g t e r d i r i d a r i b e n a n g
b e r c a b a n g - c a b a n g , d a n g a m e t a f o r a y a n g b e r b a t a n g d a n b e r d a i m . S p o r o g o n i u m d a r i
l u m u t d a u n t e r d i r i a t a s b a g i a n k a k i , s e t a d a n k a p s u l . S e l a n j u t n y a b a g i a n k a p s u l
m e m p u n y a i b a g i a n - b a g i a n y a n g d i n a m a k a n a p o f i s e , k o t a k s p o r a a t a u t e k a , d a n t u t u p
a t a u o p e r c u l u m ( A n g g a r a , 2 0 1 3 ) .
L u m u t d a u n d a p a t t u m b u h d i a t a s t a n a h - t a n a h g u n d u ! y a n g p e r i o d i k m e n g a l a m i
m a s a k e k e r i n g a n , b a h k a n d i a t a s p a s i r y a n g b e r g e r a k p u n d a p a t t u m b u h . S e l a n j u t n y a
l u m u t - l u m u t i n i d a p a t k i t a j u m p a i d i a n t a r a r u m p u t - r u m p u t , d i a t a s b a t u - b a t u c a d a s ,
p a d a b a t a n g - b a t a n g d a n c a b a n g - c a b a n g p o h o n , r a w a - r a w a , t e t a p i j a r a n g d i d a l a m a i r .
K e b a n y a k a n l u m u t d a u s u k a p a d a t e m p a t - t e m p a t y a n g b a s a h , t e t a p i a d a p u l a t u m b u h
d i t e m p a t - t e m p a t y a n g k e r i n g . D i t e m p t a - t e m p a t y a n g k e r i n g l u m u t m e m b e n t u k
b a d a n - b a d a n y a n g b e r u p a b a n t a l a n , s e d a n g k a n y a n g h i d p d i t a n a h h u t a n m e m b e n t u k
l ^ i s a n - l a p i s a n s e p e r t i p e n W a d a n i ( T j i t r o s o e p o m o , 2 0 0 9 ) .
1). Bangsa Andreales
G a m b a r 2 . 1 4 Andreaea sp.
( S u m b e r : A l h a m d i , 2 0 1 4 )
K l a s i f i k a s i I l m i a h Bangsa Andreales a d a l a h s e b a g a i b e r i k u t : K i n g d o m : P l a n t a e
D i v i s i o : B r y o p h y t a
C l a s s i s : A n d r e a e o p s i d a y . / / . Schqffn.
O r d o : A n d r e a l e s
F a m i l i : A n d r e a c e a e
G e n u s : A n d r e a
S p e c i e s : Andreae sp
B a n g s a i n i h a n y a m e m u a t s a t u s u k u , y a i t u s u k u Andreaeaceae, d e n g a n s a t u m a r g a Andreaea. P r o t o n e m a b e r b e n t u k p i t a y a n g b e r c a b a n g - c a b a n g . K a p s l s p o r a m u l a - m u l a d i s e l u b u n g i o l e h k a l i p t r a y a n g b e n u k n y a s e p e r t i k o p y a h b a y i . J i k a s u d a
m a s a k p e c a h d e n g a n 4 k a t u p - k a t u p . K u l u m e l a d i s e l u b u n g i o l e h j a r i n g a n s p o r o g e n .
2 4
2). Bangsa Sphagnales (lumut gambut)
G a m b a r 2 , 1 5 Sphagnum fimbrialum
( S u m b e r : A l h a m d i , 2 0 1 4 )
K l a s i f i k a s i I l m i a h B a n g s a Sphagnales a d a l a h s e b a g a i b e r i k u t : K i n g d o m P l a n t a e
D i v i s i o B r y o p h y t a
C l a s s i s S p h a g n o p s i d a Ochyra
O r d o S p h a g n a l e s
F a m i l i S p h a g n a c e a e
G e n u s S p h a g n u m
S p e c i e s Spagnum Fimbriatu
B a n g s a i n i t e r d i r i a t a s s a t u s u k u Sphagnaceae d a n s a t u s u k u m a r g a Sphagnum.
M a r g a i n i m e l l p u t i s e j u m l a h b e s a r j e n i s l u m u t y a n g k e b a n y a k a n h i d u p d i t e m p a t
t e m p a t y a n g b e r a w a r a w a d a n m e m b e n t u k r u m p u n a t a u b a n t a l a n , y a n g d a r i a t a s t i a p
-t i a p -t a h u n -t a m p a k b e r -t a m b a h l u a s , s e d a n g b a g i a n - b a g i a n b a w a h y a n g a d a d a l a m a i r
m a t i d a n b e r u b a h m e n j a d i g a m b u t .
P r o t o n e m a t i d a k m e m b e n t u k b e n a n g , m e l a i n k a n m e r u p a k a n s u a t u b a d a n
b e r b e n t u k d a u n k e c i l , t e p i n y a b e r t o r e h - t o r e h d a n h a n y a t e r d i r i a t a s s e l a p i s s e l s a j a .
m e m b e n t u k r o s e t p a d a u j u n g n y a . D a u n - d a u n y a n g s u d a h t u a t e r k u l a i d a n m e n j a d i
p e m b a l u t b a g i a n b a w a h b a t a n g . S u a t u c a b a n g d i b a w a h p u n c a k t u m b u h s a m a c e p a t
d e n g a n i n d u k b a t a n g , s e h i n g g a k e l i a h a t a n n y a s e p e r t i b a t a n g l u m u t i t u b e r c a b a n g
m e n g g a r p u . K a r e n a b a t a n g d a r i b a w a h m a t i s e d i k i t d e m i s e d i k i t , m a k a c a b a n g
-c a b a n g a k h i r n y a m e r u p a k a n t u m b u h a n y a n g t e r p i s a h - p i s a h . C o n t o h : Sphagnum fimbriatum, S.squarrosum, S.acutifolium ( E d a w u a , 2 0 1 2 ) .
3)- BangfiSL Brayales
S e b a g i a n b e s a r b a n g s a l u m u t d a u n t e r g o l o n g d a l a m b a n g s a i n i . P a d a b a n g s a
i n i k a p s u l s p o r a n y a t e l a h m e n c a p m d i f e r e n s i a s i y a n g p a l i n g m e n d a l a m .
S p o r o g o n i u m n y a m e m p u n y a i s a t u t a n g k a i y a n g e l a s t i s , y a n g d i n a m a k a n seta.
T a n g k a i d e n g a n k a k i s p o r o g o n i u m n y a t e r t a n a m d a l a m j a r i n g a n t u m b u h a n
g a m e t o f i t n y a . P a d a u j i m g t a n g k a i t e r d a p a t k a p s u l s p o a n y a y a n g b e r s i f a t r a d i a l a t a u
d o r s i v e n t r a l d a n m u l a - m u l a d i s e l u b u n g i o l e h k a l i p t r a . C o n t o h : Poganatum cirrhatum, Funaria hygrometrica, d a n Eubryalespl eurocarpi, Polytrcum comune.
G a m b a r 2 . 1 6 Polytrcum comune
( S u m b e r : H a r s i w i , 2 0 1 2 )
26
K i n g d o m P l a n t a e
o r y u p i i y u i
O r d o B r y a l e s
F a m i l i P o l y t r i c h a c e a e
G e n u s P o l y t r i c h u m
S p e c i e s Polytrichum commune
5. Manfaat Lumut {Bryophyta) Bagi Kehidupan Manusia
T u m b u h a n l u m u t m e r u p a k a n v e g e t a s i p e r i n t i s . D i k a t a k a n d e m i k i a n k a r e n a
t u m b u h a n l u m u t d a p a t m e n g h a n c u r k a n b a t u - b a t u a a n m e n j a d i t a n a h y a n g d a p a t
d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i t e m p a t t u m b u h b a g i t u m b u h a n l a i n n y a .
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h i a s a n r u m a h t a n g g a , o b a t - o b a t a n , b a
