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English is a language that can be learned by any body. It is important for the students to learn it because many book or scientific book, newspaper is written and available in English. Scientist usually write their ideas or theory for the first time in English then the book will be translated into target language according to the language used in a country, commonly the student of Indonesia learned English since the grade of junior high school, they are supposed to master four skill of English; Listening, Speaking, Reading, Writing those skill proficiency of human ability which is reached through practicing and learning process.
Why translation is needed? It is admitted that many books are written in English and to make the reader to comprehend the sentences it should be translated into target language, because one of the functions of Indonesian language as a national language in order to develop culture, and to get information about cultures, modern technology and all information must be written or translated in to Indonesian language so Translation is very important to exchange information that can have valuable for the societies, nation‟s development, in order to make innovations without translation the scientists will leave behind; they will not get the improvement of knowledge. In other words it is important to translate from English to Indonesians language to develop our knowledge in our daily life such as in: Education, culture technology, entertainment etc. English is second foreign languages in other word Indonesian people need to know English well, so they need translation skill to make them able in translating English into Indonesia, translation means rendering meaning one language or transferring meaning from one language to another language.
In education, English as subject is taught and learned by many people, In English curriculum the government has regulated how to treat English as a foreign language and its an obligation that English should be mastered by the all the students in the teaching and learning process, the teachers are expected to teach and practice the English frequently fluently, and good at listening, speaking, writing, reading. Those are reached through practicing and learning, those who learn English should be taught familiar with using right grammar and meaning in both language means From the source language and Target language, although it is difficult to understand English since they are in process of learning, there is one way in order to make them easy to understand the subject or the material that is by translating it into their national language or their mother tongue.
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The aims of this research it is to enrich the theory of Translation, and presenting and idea of translating an English text as the source Language (SL) into Indonesian as the Target Language (TL), equivalent translation is applied, in order to see what happen in mind when translating from English into Indonesian, this to say that the words or patterns of sentence used in the target language have a process of selecting the appropriate word and sentence pattern to express the intended meaning in the target language.
Translation is the translating of replacement of textual material in one language (SL) equivalent textual material in other language (TL) Ford, 1965: 20). Nida & Taber (1982) in the theory and practice of translation : Translating consist in producing in the receptor Language closet natural equivalent of the Source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. It is the process of transferring the equivalency of meaning, messages, style from one language into another language, from the source language into Target Language, the closet equivalent of the source language message first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style and the equivalence must be natural.
In fact that the students often have problems in translating texts from the source Language into Target language, the students are often make errors when they translate their translation in classes, it is interested to study why the students made it errors, so that the researcher is eager to investigate the students‟ problems in translating text from English into Indonesian.
II. REVIEW RELATED TO LITERATURE 2.1 A Brief Description of Translation
Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL). Ford, (1965: 25).
1. Word for word translation. The words in SL are translated word for word into TL not only the word, but also the structure and or the arrangement of the words, such, the subject, verb and object.
2. Literal translation. This kinds of translation, the word can not translate word for word as would sound awkward, some changes or deletion of word‟ for example (1) he is a student‟ has to be translated‟ dia seorang siswa‟ we can see is adalah is not used.
3. Free translation. This types of translation is not word for word nor literal, it is more than that so called freely or idiomatic translation, for example(2)” I will shoot you a glass of beer” which means ” Saya akan mentraktir kamu minum bir” and can not be saya akan tembak kamu dengan segelas bir.
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orthographies or do not have such standardization, whether one or both languages are based on signs as with sign language of the deaf. Brislin (1976:1).
In his definition he gives wide coverage in translation, he includes transferring thought and ideas to sign languages of deaf or uncommon language in Translation. This definition covers wide into another language but also from one state or to another.
1. Example:
When investing in other countries, they worry about political problems, the danger of war, and possibility of new taxes, exchange control, or other regulation that could make it for an investor to have free access to his cash. (Source language)
So if we translate into Indonesia (TL) the result as follows:
Ketika menanamkan saham di Negara lain, mereka kuatir mengenai permainan potilitik, bahaya perang, dan kemungkinan pajak yang berubah atau perubahan kendali atau persyaratan yang lain, yang membuat kesulitan untuk penanaman modal, sulit mengakses saham secara kontan. (Target Language)
Translation is saying the same thing or something, which amounts in a different languageput differently, and more ponderously (Hermans, 1967:47). 2. Example:
1. a. SL: The bulldozer Banked the snow b. TL: Buldoser itu menumpukkan salju 2. a. SL: I banking on you
b. TL: Saya harapkan dengan yakin bantuan mu. 3. a. SL: I am saving my money in the Bank.
b. SL: Saya menyimpan Uang di Bank. 4. a. SL: He has a Bank account
b. TL: Dia punya uang di Bank.
Translation consists of reproducing in the receptor language the closet natural equivalent of the source language message, first in term of meaning secondly in term of style ( Nida and Taber 1982:12).
In this definition, they give elements in translating, they are: 1) reproduction
2) equivalence 3) natural equivalence 4) meaning
5) stylistic choose
3. Example: statement as literally” pernyataan” but this word not always” pernyataan” it can see be some examples as follows:
1) He makes statement Dia membuat pernyataan
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3) Did you read the official”statement” yesterday? Apakah kamu baca pengumuman resmi kemarin?
It is clear translation of statement above, we could conclude that according to Nida and Taber in translating the word sentences and texts we must see the meaning firstly and sentences and texts in much, cheek the meaning firstly and style form of Source language into Target language.
In this version the writer adopt The English as the Source Language (SL) and Bahasa Indonesia as Target Language (TL).
2.2. The Classification of Translation
Translation can be divided into three, they are: 1. Interlingual Translation 2. Intralingual Translation, 3.Intersemiotic translation (Jacobson, 1959, 2001).
Intralingual Translation is translation between the same language which can involve rewording or paraphrasing (synonym)
Example:
- He has a car: but this sentence can be developed by the following sentences. - She has two cars: but this sentence can be developed into the following
sentences.
He has more than one car.
Interlingual Translation is the translation from one language to another. Example :
- I like reading (English)
Saya Suka membaca (Indonesian)
Intersemiotic Translation is Translation of the verbal sign by a non verbal sign, for example: Music or image, sign.
2.3. Translation Equivalence
Equivalence-based-theory of translation defines as the relationship between a Source Text (ST) and a Target Text (TT) to be considered as a translation of the Source Text in the first place. Baker (1992) extent the concept of equivalence to cover similarity in Source Text and Target Text information, kinds of equivalent focus on the rank word, sentence or text level, on the types of meaning, denotative, connotative, pragmatic, etc.
2.3.1 Types of Equivalence
Eugene Nida (1982:25) distinguishes two types of equivalence, they are: 1. Formal
Formal equivalence „focuses attention on the message itself, in both form and content. In such a translation one is concerned with such correspondences as poetry to poetry, sentence to sentence, and concept to concept.‟ Nida calls this type of translation a „gloss translation‟, which aims to allow the reader to understand as much of the SL context as possible.
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Dynamic equivalence is based on the principle of equivalent effect, i.e. that the relationship between receiver and message should aim at being the same as that between the original receivers and the SL message.
2.4 The Translation Problems
Catford (1969:21) stated:‟‟ the central problem of translation practice is that finding target language equivalents, to change one or state to another, or into one‟s own language or another demands a lot of skills such as the knowledge of grammar of both languages , understanding which could be in the form of word, phrases for phrases, sentence for sentence. This is to say that in order for a translator to translate from English into Indonesian. So the problems of translation when there is no relationship between word for word, between sentence and sentence, between phrases and phrases.
Equivalence in translation, than should not be approach as search for sameness, since sameness can not even exist between two target language version of the same text, let alone between the source language and target language, since English and Indonesian language closely to follow approximate pattern of sentence regarded to component parts and words.
III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 The Method of Research
1. To conduct a contrastive analysis between the students‟ translation and assume good translation.
2. What is an Assumed good Translation? It is:
1. The result of Google translation 2. Revision Editing
3. Proof reading
The sample was given a Report text which all of those texts are taken from The Jakarta Post Newspaper.
3.2 The Subject of the Research
The participants of the research were the First semester students at English Department of Teacher Training Faculty of 2013/2014 academic year of HKBP Nommensen University in Pematangsiantar. There were eight persons out of 45 students in one class. Random sampling techniques were applied by the researcher in taking out the sample. It was done because the population has the same level of competency.
3.3 The Instrument of Collecting the Data
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The analysis of the students‟ translation will be analyzed in terms of accuracy of transferring English to Target Language Indonesian.
3.4 The Technique of Collecting the Data
The following steps were applied to collect the data.
1. At the beginning of this meeting, the researcher gave instruction about what they had to do.
2. The researcher gave English text for the students.
3. The students translated the English text from English language to Indonesian language.
4. The researcher analyzed their translation
3.5 The Technique of Analyzing the Data
1. Identifying the translation error on the word level and the sentence level 2. Classifying the error word sentence
3. Analyzing the error (non equivalent on word sentence). 4. Finding out the non equivalent word and sentence translation.
IV. DATA ANALYSIS
4.1. Translation Problems on the translation of compound noun Data <1>
1. Campaign donation‟ dukungan dana kampanye‟ Dana kampanye: the analysis of the data above indicate that the ST is not equivalent in the TT two words in the ST been three words in TT.
2. Indonesian Survey institute‟ Lembaga Pemungutan Indonesia‟
Lembaga Surpe Indonesia‟: it is indicate that the ST is not equivalent the word is translate Surpe.
3. Campaign fun‟ Sumbangan dana kampanye‟. „bantuan kampanye‟ the ST is not equivalent twords in compound noun become three words in TT.
4. Central Board‟Pusat Partai‟ „ pegawai pusat‟ the analysis of the data indicate that the head of the ST is not equivalent in the TT .
5. Party chairman‟pimpinan pusat‟ ketua umum partai :the meaning of the ST is not equivalent in TT.
4.2. Translation Problems on Common Noun Data <2>
6. Analysists‟ Analisis‟ para pengamat: the ST is not equivalent in the TT he/she ignore words inflection in Source Text.
7. Re-election‟ untuk mencalonka dipilih kembali‟ Pemilihan berikutnya: derivational from ST is not equivalent into TT.
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9. Central board‟ Dewan pimpinan‟ dewan pengurus pusat: the TT it is not based on ST or it is not based on the context of the ST into TT. It can be seen that the students have problems in finding the equivalent words from the source language text into target language text, their problems are :
1. They do not translate the words due to the context. 2. The function of the words is not equivalent into TT.
3. They ignore derivational words: inflections, singular, plural, choice of words meaning, borrowing the words
4. Translation by omission from the ST into TT.
5. The students using a loan words from the source Language Text into Target language Text.
4.3. Translation Problems on Simple Sentences Data <3>
10. Fauzi is a member of Democratic Party‟s national advisory council.‟ Fauzi
adalah anggota dewan kepenasehat partai nasional democrat pusat‟ Fauzi anggota penasehat dewan nasional partai democrat : their
translation is not equivalent into TT the meaning and the purpose/ the message of the sentence.
11. Nacrowi was named by the local branch as the party sole candidate for the gubernatorial election last year winning support from the Democratic party‟s politicians‟ Nacrowi menyebutkan dewan DPD sebagai calon tunggal untuk pemilihan gubernur tahun lalu memenangkan dukungan dari DPD partai demokrat‟ Nacrowi disebutkan oleh dewan perwakilan daerah cabang Jakarta sebagai calon satu satunya untuk pemilihan gubernur tahun lalu yang memenangkan dukungan satu-satunya dari politisi partai democrat: their translation is not equivalent the meaning and the purpose of the sentence ST into TT is not equivalent.
4.4. Translation Problems on compound Sentences Data <4>
12. Burhanuddin Muhtadi, a political analyst with the Indonesian survey institute, said that with no regulation capping the total amount of campaign donations for gubernatorial candidates, people with larger financial resources will be able to exert more influential on Jakarta‟s future leaders‟ Burhanuddin Muhtadi analisis politik lembaga surpe Indonesia, mengatakan bahwa dengan ada peraturan pembatasan jumlah total sumbangan kampanye untuk kandidat gubernur , orang dengan sumber daya keuangan yang lebih besar akan dapat memberikan pengaruh lebih lanjut tentang pemimpin masa depan Jakarta.
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parapemimpin masa depan Jakarta: related modifiers illogically separated from the source text into target text
13. Burhanuddin, therefore, called for a regulation to limit electoral campaign funds, „‟or the candidates themselves should exercise goodwill to limit their campaign expenses and enter into a pact with the public,‟‟ he said.‟ Burhanuddin, oleh karena itu menyerukan aturan yang akan membatasi dana kampanye pemilu,‟‟atau para candidat sendiri harus latihan...untuk membatasi biaya kampanye mereka dan masuk kedalam perjanjian dengan public,‟‟ katanya‟ Burhanuddin, oleh karena itu mengkehendaki supaya suatu peraturan untuk membatasi sumbangan dana, pengeluaran-pengluaran dana kampanye atau para calon mengunakan dengan baik,dan mencatat dana kampanye, terbuka untuk umum,‟‟ia berkata : They broaden the sentence from the source Text into Target text
14. Fellow advisory council member Ahmad Mubarok had stated that the party‟s central board would also back incumbent‟. Sesama anggota Dewan agar mendukung calon gubernur dari dalam. „Sesama anggota Dewan kepenasehatan Ahmad mubarok yang telah menyatakan bahwa Dewan Pengurus Pusat yang akan kembali menjabat‟: the ST is Dangling Modifiers into TT.
15. The central board has yet to announce its final decision as to whom it will endorse‟. Belum mengumumkan keputusan akhirnya siapa yang akan diusulkan‟. „Dewan pengurus pusat akan segera mengumumkan keputusan terakhir kepada siapa dukungan akan diberikan‟: there is no subject from the ST into TT.
4.5. Translation Problems on Complex Sentences Data <5>
16. It is a city without a plan because the leaders are busy meeting their own needs,‟‟ he said‟. Ini adalah kota tanpa rencana karena para pemimpin sibuk memenuhi kebutuhan mereka sendiri.,‟‟ katanya‟. „kota Jakarta yang tumbuh dan berkembang tanpa perencanaan karena para pimpinan sibuk rapat kepentingan-kepentingan pribadi mereka‟: they omits the subject in Target Language Text.
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4.6. Translation Problems on Compund Complex Sentences. Data<6>
18. „Jakarta gubernatorial candidates should limits the total amount of campaign donations they can collect in order to retain their independence, analysts say‟. Calon Gubernur Jakarta Harus membatasi Jumlah total sumbangan dana kampanye mereka dapat mengumpulkan untuk memperoleh kemenangan‟. „Calon kegubernuran Jakarta seharusnya membatasi dana Kampanye yang dapat mereka kumpulkan untuk mendapat kebebasan mereka supaya tidak tergantung pada pihak -pihak lain, kata parapengamat‟: Fragment the sentences are in complete and the student forces the meaning from the source text into target text. 19. „Burhanuddin said the flawed system had resulted in Jakarta growing and
developing without any plan‟. Sistem telah mengakibatkan cacat di Jakarta tumbuh dan berkembang tanpa rencana apapun‟. „ Burhanuddin berkata kesalahan sistim telah mengakibatkan Jakarta bertumbuh dan berkembang tanpa rencana‟: There is no subject in Target text.
Based on the data above their translations problems shows that the they have a little number of words to express specific expression, the they made use of various strategies, however, do not always match with the context of the sentence, related modifiers illogically separated from the source language into target language text, they broaden the sentence and force the meaning from the source language into target language in translating active and passive sentences, the sentence in source text is passive they translate it into active in target language, the purpose of sentence is not equivalent, and simplify the sentence from the source text into target text.
4.7. Finding
From the data analysis the writers find out the students‟ problems, the result of the data analysis shows that they have difficulty, hence the problem, in Noun; compound Noun, Common Noun, Derivational words, Active and Passive sentences, function of words, in translating English into Indonesian. They have a little number of exposures to bound word to express, Specific expressions, concerning the strategies, the students made use of various strategies namely: Translation by omission, Translation using a loan word or borrowing and translating using a more general word in solving the translations of the words they are not familiar with, the strategies, however, do not always match with the context of the sentence.
Based on data analysis, in translating English into Indonesia, the words that became the Students‟ problems are basically the words that are infrequently used in English. The students, who represented the high-ability students, also had problems in translating the words they are not familiar with.
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translating English into Indonesian, the data revealed two main areas of problems, namely Noun (Compound Noun and Common Noun), sentences (simple sentence, complex sentences, compound sentences, compound complex sentences). Students have problem in derivational, inflections, singular, plural. The conclusion is that the students had deficiency on grammatical knowledge, especially on sentences, Noun, tenses, voices (active and Passive) from the students‟ translation, it can be inferred that the translation strategies they used are omission, borrowing or loan words.
V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1. Conclusions
It is conclude that:
1. They have Problems in finding, the equivalent words, or sentences from the English into Indonesian Language.
2. The students‟ translation using a loan word or borrowing and translating using a more general word) in solving the translations of the words they are not familiar with.
3. The students‟ translation shows that the students had a little number of words to express specific expressions.
4. They made use of various strategies; translation by omission.
5. Translation using a loan word or borrowing and translating using a more general word) in solving the translations of the words they are not familiar with.
6. The strategies, however, do not always match with the context of the sentence.
7. In translating English into Indonesia, the words that became the students‟ problems are basically the words that are infrequently used in Indonesian. 8. The students still had problems, in lexis (Nouns, Verbs, and Adverbs) 9. Their problems showed that they had a little number of vocabularies in
English, in translating English into Indonesian Language.
10. The students had deficiency on grammatical knowledge, especially on Noun Phrases, tenses, active sentences and passive sentences.
5.2. Suggestions
The researcher would like to give suggestions for:
1. The students who experience many problems in Translation, they have to practice to translate from English into Indonesian Language, they may take the text from the Jakarta Post News Paper or from another text.
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3. The students should keep practicing to find out the Equivalent words, Phrases, sentences from English into Indonesian.
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Brislin, Teaching English as a Second Language, London: Longman, 1976
Baker, Mona (1992) In other words: A Coursework Book on Translation, London and NewYork: Routledge
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Herman, Theo, Translation in System, London: Harper, 1967
Haliday, M.A. and Hasan, R. (1989). Language and Context, and Text: Aspect of language in A Social-Semiotic Perspective. Victoria: Brown Prior Anderson Pty Ltd
Jakobson, Roman.’’On Linguistic Aspects of Translation.” 1959.pp113-119. Lado, Robert, Language Teaching: A Scientific Approach, New York: McGraw.
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Nida and Taber, The Theory and Practice of Translation, Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1982
Toury, Gideon (1978) The Nature and Role of Norms in Literary Translation in TheoHermans, Translation in System, London: Harper 1967.
Patrizia Tabossi at al.,”Semantic and Effects on Syntactic ambiguity Resolution” in attention and performance XV, ed. By C. Umilta. MIT Press, 1994
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