SASARAN DAN KEBIJAKSANAAN
POKOK
PEMBANGUNAN
JANGKA PANJANG
KEDUA
DAN REPELITA
VI
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Ginandjar Kartasasm ita
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PEMBANGUNAN JANGKA PANJANG KEDUA
DAN REPELITA VI
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Menteri Negara Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional/ Ketua Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional
R e p e l i t a V l d i r a n c a n g d a n d i s u s u n b e r d a s a r k a n : A r a h a n G B H N 1 9 9 3 . H a s i l - h a s i l p e m b a n g u n a n d a l a m P J P I s e b a g a i m o d a l d a s a r d a n g a r i s a w a l P J P ll . T a n t a n g a n - t a n t a n g a n y a n g d i p e r k i r a k a n a k a n d i h a d a p i , s e r t a k e n d a l a y a n g dapat menghambat d a n h a r u s d i a t a s i d a n p e l u a n g y a n g d a p a t d i m a n f a a t k a n d a l a m p e l a k s a n a a n p e m b a n g u n a n d i m a s a d e p a n . 2 . D a l a m n a s k a h R e p e l i t a V l t e r k a n d u n g p u l a r e n c a n a P e m b a -n g u -n a -n J a -n g k a P a -n j a -n g K e d u a d a l a m g a r i s b e s a r -n y a , y a -n g m e m u a t s a s a r a n - s a s a r a n y a n g akan dicapai 25 tahun menda-t a n g . R e p e l i menda-t a V l m e r u p a k a n b a g i a n d a r i u p a y a m e n c a p a i s a s a r a n - s a s a r a n d a l a m P J P ll t e r s e b u t d a l a m k u r u n 5 t a h u n m e n d a t a n g . 3 . R e n c a n a P e m b a n g u n a n J a n g k a P a n j a n g 2 5 t a h u n k e d u a a t a u P J P l l d i s u s u n b e r d a s a r k a n p e t u n j u k - p e t u n j u k p o k o k G B H N 1 9 9 3 s e b a g a i b e r i k u t : a . b.
a . P e r t a m a - t a m a m e n j a d i p e g a n g a n a d a l a h n i l a i - n i l a i d a s a r ' y a n g menjiwai GBHN 1993, yaitu makna dan hakekat p e m b a n g u n a n n a s i o n a l , a s a s - a s a s p e m b a n g u n a n n a s i o n a l , m o d a l d a s a r , fa k t o r d o m i n a n , W a w a s a n N u s a n t a r a , k o n -s e p -s i k e t a h a n a n n a -s i o n a l -s e r t a k a i d a h - k a i d a h p e n u n t u n d a l a m p e l a k s a n a a n p e m b a n g u n a n . b . P J P l l m e r u p a k a n p r o s e s k e l a n j u t a n , p e n i n g k a t a n , p e r -l u a s a n d a n p e m b a r u a n d a r i P J P l. T u j u a n P e m b a n g u n a n J a n g k a m e w u j u d k a n b a n g s a y a n g m a j u t e r a l a h i r b a t i n s e b a g a i l a n d a s a n b e r i k u t n y a . P a n j a n g K e d u a a d a l a h d a n m a n d i r i s e r t a s e j a h -b a g i t a h a p p e m -b a n g u n a n U n t u k m e w u j u d k a n t u j u a n t e r s e b u t , s a s a r a n u m u m P e m b a n g u n a n J a n g k a P a n j a n g K e d u a a d a l a h t e r w u j u d n y a k u a l i t a s m a n u s i a d a n k u a l i t a s m a s y a r a k a t I n d o n e s i a y a n g m a j u d a n m a n d i r i d a l a m s u a s a n a t e n t e r a m d a n s e j a h t e r a l a h i r b a t i n . U n t u k m e n c a p a i s a s a r a n t e r s e b u t , t i t i k b e r a t P e m b a -n g u -n a -n J a -n g k a P a -n j a -n g K e d u a d i l e t a k k a -n p a d a b i d a -n g e k o n o m i , y a n g m e r u p a k a n p e n g g e r a k u t a m a p e m b a -n g u -n a -n , s e i r i -n g d e n g a n p e n i n g k a t a n k u a l i t a s s u m b e r d a y a m a n u s i a d a n d i d o r o n g s e c a r a s a l i n g m e m p e r k u a t , s a l i n g t e r k a i t d a n t e r p a d u d e n g a n p e m b a n g u n a n b i d a n g - b i d a n g l a i n n y a . P e l a k s a n a a n P J P ll t e t a p b e r t u m p u k e p a d a T r i l o g i P e m b a -n g u -n a -n . D i s a m p i n g a r a h a n G B H N 1 9 9 3 , d a l a m m e n y u s u n r e n c a n a P J P l l d a n R e p e l i t a V l b e r b a g a i ta n t a n g a n p e r l u p u l a m e n d a p a t d . f. 4 . 2
5 .
p e r h a t i a n , di antaranya masalah-masalah y a n g b e l u m
terse-l e s a i k a n s e c a r a t u n t a s d a terse-l a m P J P terse-l , s e r t a y a n g a k a n k i t a h a d a p i d a l a m p e r j a l a n a n m e m b a n g u n s e l a m a P J P ll . B e r b a g a i t a n t a n g a n , k e n d a l a , d a n p e l u a n g t e r s e b u t a k a n m e m p e n g a r u h i p e n e t a p a n s a s a r a n , j a d w a l pencapaiannya, s e r t a k e b i j a k s a n a a n u n t u k m e w u j u d k a n n y a . K e s e l u r u h a n n y a i t u d i u p a y a k a n u n t u k d i p e r h i t u n g k a n d a l a m p e n y u s u n a n R e p e l i t a V l s e b a g a i b a g i a n d a n t a h a p a w a l P J P l l . B e b e r a p a d i a n t a r a n y a i n g i n k a m i k e m u k a k a n d i s i n i . S e l a m a P J P I k e s e j a h t e r a a n r a k y a t t e l a h m e n i n g k a t s e c a r a n y a t a s e p e r t i t e r c e r m i n d a l a m p e n i n g k a t a n p e n d a p a t a n p e r k a p i t a d a r i s e k i t a r U S $ 7 0 p a d a t a h u n 1 9 6 9 m e n j a d i s e k i t a r U S $ 7 0 0 p a d a ta h u n 1 9 9 3 . W a l a u p u n p e n i n g k a t a n i n i c u k u p b e s a r , p e n d a p a t a n p e r k a p i t a r a k y a t I n d o n e s i a m a s i h r e n d a h , a p a b i l a m i s a l n y a d i b a n d i n g k a n d e n g a n n e g a r a - n e g a r a t e t a n g g a d a n n e g a r a b e r k e m b a n g l a i n n y a y a n g s e k a r a n g t e l a h m e n j a d i n e g a r a in d u s t r i . M e n g e j a r k e t e r t i n g g a l a n d a r i b a n g s a - b a n g s a l a i n m e r u p a k a n t a n t a n g a n b e s a r d a l a m R e p e l i t a V l d a n P J P ll . S e l a n j u t n y a m e s k i p u n te l a h b a n y a k d i c a p a i k e m a j u a n d a l a m P J P l , n a m u n m a s i h t e r d a p a t b e r b a g a i k e s e n j a n g a n , y a i t u k e s e n j a n g a n a n t a r d a e r a h , m i s a l n y a k a w a s a n b a r a t d a n t i m u r I n d o n e s i a d a n k e s e n j a n g a n a n t a r a d a e r a h p e r d e s a a n d a n p e r k o t a a n ; a n t a r s e k t o r t e r u t a m a p e r t a n i a n d e n g a n in d u s t r i d a n j a s a ; dan kesenjangan antargolongan ekonomi atau strata p e n d a p a t a n m a s y a r a k a t . A d a n y a b e r b a g a i k e s e n j a n g a n t e r s e -b u t m e r u p a k a n m a s a l a h d a l a m u p a y a m e w u j u d k a n c i t a - c i t a k e a d i l a n s o s i a l b a n g s a In d o n e s i a . S e l a i n it u k e s e n j a n g a n j u g a b e r a r t i b a h w a p o t e n s i - p o t e n s i t i d a k t e r m a n f a a t k a n s e c a r a o p t i m a l . K a r e n a i t u , m e n i n g k a t k a n p e m e r a t a a n a t a u m e m p e r -k e c i l -k e s e n j a n g a n m e r u p a k a n t a n t a n g a n b e s a r p u l a d a l a m P J P I I . 6 .
7 . D a l a m k a i t a n it u s e l a m a P J P lp e n d u d u k y a n g b e r a d a d i b a w a h g a r i s k e m i s k i n a n s u d a h s a n g a t m e n u r u n j u m l a h n y a dalam 20 t a h u n t e r a k h i r y a i t u dari 60 persen m e n j a d i 1 5 p e r s e n . N a m u n 1 5 p e r s e n it u b e r a r t i s a t u d a r i s e t i a p t u j u h o r a n g I n d o n e s i a a d a l a h s a n g a t m i s k i n . S e l a i n m e n y a n g k u t m a s a l a h k e m a n u -s i a a n y a n g m e n d a -s a r p e n d u d u k m i -s k i n b u k a n l a h p e n d u d u k y a n g p r o d u k t i f . O l e h s e b a b it u , s a l a h s a t u t a n t a n g a n dalam P J P ll a d a l a h m e n u n t a s k a n m a s a l a h k e m i s k i n a n a g a r p e n d u d u k m i s k i n m e n i n g k a t k e s e j a h t e r a a n n y a d a n s e k a l i g u s p e r a n n y a d a l a m p e m b a n g u n a n . P e r t u m b u h a n b e r a r t i p e r c e p a t a n p e n i n g k a t a n p r o d u k s i y a n g m e m e r l u k a n p e r l u a s a n p a s a r dalam skala besar yang sangat d i t e n t u k a n o l e h k e m a m p u a n b e r s a i n g d a l a m m e m a s a r k a n h a s i l -h a s i l p r o d u k s i . P e n i n g k a t a n d a y a s a i n g m e m e r l u k a n t i n g k a t e f i s i e n s i d a n p r o d u k t i v i t a s y a n g l e b i h t i n g g i d a n b e r a r t i m e m e r l u k a n s u m b e r d a y a m a n u s i a y a n g m a k i n b e r k u a l i t a s . O l e h s e b a b i t u , p e n i n g k a t a n k u a l i t a s s u m b e r d a y a m a n u s i a s a n g a t s t r a t e g i s d a n p e n t i n g d a n m e r u p a k a n t a n t a n g a n p u l a d a l a m P J P ll . D a l a m P J P ll m a s i h a k a n t e r j a d i p e r t u m b u h a n a n g k a t a n k e r j a y a n g r e l a t i f t i n g g i , p a d a h a l s e k a r a n g in i j u m l a h t e n a g a k e r j a y a n g m e n g a n g g u r , setengah menganggur, ataupun bekerja p e n u h dengan produktivitas dan penghasilan yang rendah m a s i h c u k u p b e s a r . M e n c i p t a k a n l a p a n g a n k e r j a d a l a m ju m l a h y a n g c u k u p besar selama 25 tahun yang akan datang m e r u p a k a n t a n t a n g a n y a n g t i d a k r i n g a n . M a s a l a h k i t a y a n g l e b i h b e s a r l a g i s e b e n a r n y a a d a l a h m e n g h i l a n g k a n k e a d a a n s e t e n g a h p e n g a n g g u r a n , y a n g dewasa ini mencapai s e k i t a r 3 6 p e r s e n dari orang yang bekerja. Adanya setengah pengang-g u r a n y a n pengang-g besar menekan produktivitas dan menpengang-ghambat p e n y e r a p a n a n g k a t a n k e r j a b a r u .
8 .
9 .
4 c:ws6/samb-94/komri. bahan ceramah MENPPN oada Munas KORPRI Jakarta. 13 Aoril 1994
1 0 . B e r k a i t a n d e n g a n m a s a l a h a n g k a t a n k e r j a m a s a l a h p o k o k lain d a l a m P J P ll , s e p e r t i j u g a dalam PJP ladalah masalah kepen-d u kepen-d u k a n . M e s k i p u n l a j u p e r t u m b u h a n n y a s u d a h d a p a t d i t e k a n , t e t a p i a n g k a a b s o l u t n y a t e t a p t i n g g i . P a d a a k h i r P J P l l p e n d u d u k I n d o n e s i a s u d a h a k a n b e r j u m l a h s e k i t a r 2 5 8 j u t a d a r i
1 8 9 j u t a s e k a r a n g ; s e l a i n i t u p e r s e b a r a n n y a t i d a k m e r a t a . J u g a d a l a m P J P ll a k a n t e r j a d i p r o s e s p e r p i n d a h a n p e n d u d u k d a r i p e r d e s a a n k e p e r k o t a a n y a n g makin cepat didorong oleh p r o s e s i n d u s t r i a l i s a s i . P a d a a k h i r P J P ll sekitar separuh p e n d u d u k Indonesia diperkirakan akan berada di wilayah p e r k o t a a n . H a l i n i m e m b a w a b e r b a g a i dampak dan akibat. D a e r a h p e r d e s a a n a k a n k e h i l a n g a n t e n a g a k e r j a y a n g u m u m n y a p r o d u k t i f d a n t e r d i d i k d a n d a e r a h p e r k o t a a n a k a n m e n g h a d a p i m a s a l a h s o s i a l e k o n o m i d a n s o s i a l p o l i t i k a k i b a t u r b a n i s a s i . 1 1 . S e l a n j u t n y a k e g i a t a n e k o n o m i y a n g m e n i n g k a t a k a n m e n i n g -k a t -k a n l i m b a h p r o d u -k s i y a n g m e m p u n y a i d a m p a -k l a n g s u n g t e r h a d a p li n g k u n g a n . D i s a m p i n g i t u , k e n a i k a n p r o d u k s i a k a n m e n i n g k a t k a n p u l a k e b u t u h a n a k a n b a h a n m e n t a h , y a n g s e b a g i a n b e s a r m e m a n f a a t k a n s u m b e r d a y a a l a m , d a n a d a d i a n t a r a n y a t e l a h m e n d e k a t i k e a d a a n k r i t i s , s e p e r t i t a n a h d a n a i r d i J a w a , s e r t a s u m b e r d a y a e n e r g i t e r u t a m a m i n y a k b u m i . M e n j a g a k e l e s t a r i a n s u m b e r d a y a a l a m d a n l i n g k u n g a n h i d u p m e r u p a k a n t a n t a n g a n b e s a r p u l a d a l a m P J P ll y a n g d i i n g i n k a n s e b a g a i p e m b a n g u n a n y a n g berkelanjutan. 1 2 . S e l a i n i t u , d a l a m p r o s e s m o d e r n i s a s i b a n g s a m e n j a d i t a n -t a n g a n p u l a u n -t u k m e m e l i h a r a , m e n g e m b a n g k a n , d a n m e m a n t a p k a n p r a n a t a s o s i a l d a n b u d a y a a g a r k e t e r b u k a a n m a s y a r a k a t d a n i n t e r a k s i d e n g a n b a n g s a la i n s e r t a p e r t u m -b u h a n e k o n o m i y a n g cepat, tidak menimbulkan m a s a l a h s o s i a l y a n g m e r u g i k a n k e p r i b a d i a n dan keutuhan bangsa serta m e n g g a n g g u s t a b i l i t a s n a s i o n a l .
1 3 . J u g a p e r l u d i p e r h i t u n g k a n s i t u a s i d i l u a r n e g e r i y a n g t i d a k s e n a n t i a s a m e n g u n t u n g k a n . K e t i d a k p a s t i a n e k o n o m i d u n i a , a d a n y a b l o k - b l o k p e r d a g a n g a n , f l u k t u a s i m a t a u a n g , h a r g a m i n y a k y a n g c e n d e r u n g t u r u n , a d a n y a g e j a l a i s y u p o l i t i k d i k a i t k a n d e n g a n p e r d a g a n g a n d a n k e r j a s a m a e k o n o m i , m e r u p a k a n m a s a l a h - m a s a l a h y a n g p e r l u diantisipasi k e m u n g -k i n a n d a m p a -k n y a b a g i u p a y a p e m b a n g u n a n . 1 4 . D a r i b e r b a g a i p e t u n j u k G B H N 1 9 9 3 k e m a j u a n , k e m a n d i r i a n , d a n k e s e j a h t e r a a n m e r u p a k a n k a t a - k a t a k u n c i d a l a m p e m b a -n g u -n a -n ja -n g k a p a -n j a -n g k e d u a . A t a s d a s a r it u s a s a r a n - s a s a r a n P J P ll d i k e m b a n g k a n u n t u k m e n c e r m i n k a n t i n g k a t k e m a j u a n , k e m a n d i r i a n , d a n k e s e j a h t e r a a n b a n g s a y a n g meningkat t i n g g i s e p e r t i y a n g dikehendaki d a l a m G B H N . 1 5 . U n t u k m e n c a p a i k e m a j u a n , k e m a n d i r i a n , d a n k e s e j a h t e r a a n s e p e r t i y a n g d i i n g i n k a n , k e g i a t a n e k o n o m i h a r u s b e r k e m b a n g d e n g a n c e p a t . S e h u b u n g a n d e n g a n it u , d a l a m P J P ll p e r t u m -b u h a n e k o n o m i d i p r o y e k s i k a n c u k u p t i n g g i , y a i t u r a t a - r a t a s e k i t a r 7 p e r s e n p e r t a h u n ( T a b e l A . l V . a h a l 2 ) . T i n g k a t p e r t u m b u h a n i n i b a h k a n le b i h ti n g g i d a r i ti n g k a t p e r t u m b u h a n 2 5 t a h u n p e r t a f f i d , y a i t u r a t a - r a t a 6 , 8 p e r s e n , y a n g o l e h m a s y a r a k a t i n t e r n a s i o n a l d i n i l a i s e b a g a i t i n g k a t p e r t u m b u h a n y a n g t i n g g i . P e r t u m b u h a n e k o n o m i it u d i i r i n g i o l e h p e n u r u n a n l a j u p e r t u m b u h a n p e n d u d u k h i n g g a m e n j a d i d i b a w a h 0 , 9 p e r s e n p e r tahun menjelang akhir PJP ll. Dengan kedua s a s a r a n it u m a k a s a s a r a n p e n d a p a t a n p e r k a p i t a I n d o n e s i a p a d a a k h i r P J P ll diharapkan a k a n m e n i n g k a t m e n j a d i h a m p i r 4 k a l i l i p a t d a r i t i n g k a t y a n g s e k a r a n g d a l a m h a r g a n y a t a , a t a u s e k i t a r U S $ 2 6 0 0 p a d a h a r g a t a h u n 1 9 8 9 / 9 0 ( T a b e l A . l V . b hal. 2l'. 6 c:ws6/samb-94/komri. bahan ceramah MENPPN oada Munas KORPRI Jakarta. 13 Anril 1994
1 6 . U n t u k m e n c a p a i b e r b a g a i s a s a r a n it u s e k t o r i n d u s t r i h a r u s s u d a h b e r f u n g s i s e b a g a i m o t o r p e n g g e r a k p e r e k o n o m i a n . S e l a i n it u s e k t o r i n d u s t r i ju g a d i a n d a l k a n s e b a g a i p e n y e r a p u t a m a l a p a n g a n k e r j a y a n g p r o d u k t i f y a n g s e c a r a b e r t a h a p m e n g g a n t i k a n s e k t o r p e r t a n i a n . S e l a m a P J P ll s e k t o r i n d u s t r i d i h a r a p k a n t u m b u h r a t a - r a t a d i a t a s 9 p e r s e n s e t a h u n ( T a b e l A . l V . a . 2 h a l . 2 l . K e t e r k a i t a n s e k t o r i n d u s t r i d a n s e k t o r p e r t a n i a n ditingkatkan d e n g a n m a k i n m e n g e m b a n g k a n a g r o -i n d u s t r -i d a n a g r o b -i s n -i s . D e m -i k -i a n p u l a k e t e r k a -i t a n -in d u s t r -i d e n g a n s e k t o r y a n g m e n g e l o l a s u m b e r d a y a a l a m l a i n n y a s e p e r t i p e r t a m b a n g a n , s e h i n g g a s t r u k t u r in d u s t r i m e n j a d i le b i h k u k u h . 1 7 . D e n g a n m a k i n m a j u n y a s e k t o r i n d u s t r i m a k a s u m b a n g a n s e k t o r p e r t a n i a n d a l a m P D B d i p e r k i r a k a n te r u s m e n u r u n . N a m u n p e r t a n i a n m a s i h a k a n t e t a p m e m e g a n g p e r a n a n stra-t e g i s d a l a m P J P ll . D i s a m p i n g f u n g s i n y a m e m e n u h i k e b u t u h a n p a n g a n bagi penduduk y a n g ju m l a h n y a b e s a r , s e k t o r p e r t a n i a n m a s i h a k a n m e r u p a k a n s u m b e r m a t a p e n c a h a r i a n u t a m a d a r i s e b a g i a n b e s a r a n g k a t a n k e r j a d i I n d o n e s i a . O l e h k a r e n a it u s e k t o r p e r t a n i a n m a s i h d i h a r a p k a n t u m b u h r e l a t i f c u k u p t i n g g i , y a i t u sekitar 3 , 5 p e r s e n s e t a h u n ( T a b e l A . l V . a . 1 h a l . 2 \ . 1 8 . P e m b a n g u n a n s e k t o r in d u s t r i d a n p e r t a n i a n m e m e r l u k a n d u -k u n g a n s e -k t o r la i n s e p e r t i j a s a p e r h u b u n g a n , p e r d a g a n g a n , d a n p e l a y a n a n k e u a n g a n y a n g andal dan efisien. Sektor-sektor l a i n n y a d i h a r a p k a n t u m b u h d e n g a n r a t a - r a t a l e b i h d a r i 7 p e r s e n s e t a h u n ( T a b e l A . l V . a . 3 h a l . 2 1 ' . K e t e r k a i t a n y a n g m a k i n k u a t a n t a r a s e k t o r i n d u s t r i d a n p e r t a n i a n d a n d e n g a n s e k t o r ja s a s a n g a t p e n t i n g d a l a m m e m b a n g u n j a r i n g a n kegiatan ekonomi y a n g efisien d a n p r o d u k t i f . 1 9 . S e i r i n g d e n g a n p e m b a n g u n a n e k o n o m i , t i t i k b e r a t p e m b a -n g u -n a -n d a l a m P J P ll a d a l a h k u a l i t a s s u m b e r d a y a m a -n u s i a .
K e b i j a k s a n a a n d i b i d a n g p e n d i d i k a n , k e s e h a t a n d a n k e s e m -p a t a n kerja adalah unsur-unsur u t a m a d a l a m p e n g e m b a n g a n s u m b e r d a y a m a n u s i a . S e m u a u n s u r t e r s e b u t s a n g a t e r a t k e t e r k a i t a n n y a d a n m e m e r l u k a n u p a y a y a n g b e r s u n g g u h -s u n g g u h u n t u k m e n i n g k a t k a n n y a d a l a m 2 5 t a h u n y a n g a k a n d a t a n g . 2 0 , D i b i d a n g p e n d i d i k a n ( T a b e l A . l l l . 4 p a d a h a l . 1 \ , p r o g r a m y a n g u t a m a a d a l a h p e n d i d i k a n d a s a r 9 t a h u n y a n g a k a n d i m u l a i d a l a m ta h u n p e r t a m a R e p e l i t a V l d a n d i h a r a p k a n s u d a h tu n t a s s e l a m b a t - l a m b a t n y a p a d a a k h i r P e l i t a V l l l . S e t e l a h i t u d i h a r a p k a n s u d a h b i s a m u l a i d i p e r s i a p k a n w a j i b b e l a j a r 1 2 t a h u n u n t u k t a h a p s e l a n j u t n y a . P a d a a k h i r P J P ll d i h a r a p k a n a n g k a p a r t i s i p a s i p e n d i d i k a n S L T A s u d a h m e n c a p a i 8 0 p e r s e n d a r i s e k a r a n g s e k i t a r 3 3 p e r s e n , d a n p e n d i d i k a n t i n g g i s u d a h m e n c a p a i 2 5 p e r s e n d a r i s e k a r a n g s e k i t a r 1 0 , 5 p e r s e n .
P e n d i d i k a n j u g a sudah harus makin mengarah dan tanggap
t e r h a d a p k e b u t u h a n p a s a r kerja. 2 1 . E r a t k a i t a n n y a d e n g a n p e n d i d i k a n d a n a m a t p o k o k p e r a n a n n y a b a g i p e m b a n g u n a n s u m b e r d a y a m a n u s i a y a n g b e r k u a l i t a s a d a l a h p e m b a n g u n a n d a l a m b i d a n g i l m u p e n g e t a h u a n d a n t e k n o l o g i . D e m i k i a n p e n t i n g n y a h a l i n i , s e h i n g g a d a l a m G B H N 1 9 9 3 i l m u p e n g e t a h u a n d a n t e k n o l o g i d i t e m p a t k a n s e b a g a i s a l a h s a t u b i d a n g p e m b a n g u n a n s e j a j a r d e n g a n b i d a n g - b i d a n g p e m b a n g u n a n l a i n n y a . P e n i n g k a t a n p e n g u a s a a n i l m u p e n g e -t a h u a n d a n -t e k n o l o g i , a k a n te r c e r m i n d a l a m p e n i n g k a t a n k a d a r t e k n o l o g i p a d a p r o d u k y a n g k i t a h a s i l k a n s e h i n g g a m a m p u m e n i n g k a t k a n d a y a s a i n g d i p a s a r d u n i a . 2 2 . D i b i d a n g k e s e h a t a n ( T a b e l A . l l l . 1 d a n 2 h a l . 1 ) p e n i n g k a t a n p e l a y a n a n k e s e h a t a n dan perbaikan gizi masyarakat akan m e n i n g k a t k a n u s i a h a r a p a n h i d u p m e n j a d i 7 1 t a h u n , d a r i
8 c:ws6lsamb-94/korpri, bahan ceramah MENPPN pada Munas KORPRI Jakarta, 13 April 1994
s e k a r a n g s e k i t a r 6 3 t a h u n . T i n g k a t k e m a t i a n b a y i p e r 1 .0 0 0 k e l a h i r a n h i d u p tu r u n d a r i 5 8 m e n j a d i s e k i t a r 2 6 . 2 3 , D e n g a n b e r b a g a i u p a y a t e r s e b u t , k i t a h a r a p k a n ta m b a h a n a n g k a t a n k e r j a y a n g b e r j u m l a h s e k i t a r 6 9 j u t a s e l a m a P J P ll y a i t u d a r i 7 8 , 8 j u t a p a d a a k h i r P J P I m e n j a d i 1 4 7 , 9 j u t a p a d a a k h i r P J P ll , s e b a n y a k m u n g k i n d a p a t d i s e r a p (T a b e l A . l l h a l . 1 ) . 2 4 . S e l a n j u t n y a m e n g e n a i r e n c a n a p e m b a n g u n a n d a l a m li m a ta h u n m e n d a t a n g a t a u R e p e l i t a V l . 2 5 . S e j a l a n d e n g a n s a s a r a n u m u m P J P ll , G B H N m e n g a m a n a t k a n b a h w a s a s a r a n u m u m R e p e l i t a V l a d a l a h tu m b u h n y a s i k a p k e m a n d i r i a n d a l a m d i r i m a n u s i a d a n m a s y a r a k a t I n d o n e s i a m e l a l u i p e n i n g k a t a n p e r a n s e r t a , e f i s i e n s i , d a n p r o d u k t i v i t a s r a k y a t d a l a m r a n g k a m e n i n g k a t k a n t a r a f h i d u p , k e c e r d a s a n d a n k e s e j a h t e r a a n l a h i r b a t i n . S e j a l a n p u l a dengan titik berat p e m b a n g u n a n d a l a m P J P l l p r i o r i t a s R e p e l i t a V l a d a l a h p e m b a n g u n a n s e k t o r - s e k t o r d i b i d a n g e k o n o m i d e n g a n k e t e r -k a i t a n a n t a r a in d u s t r i d a n p e r t a n i a n s e r t a b i d a n g p e m b a n g u n a n l a i n n y a s e i r i n g d e n g a n p e n i n g k a t a n k u a l i t a s s u m b e r d a y a m a n u s i a . 2 6 . U n t u k m e n c a p a i t u j u a n d a n s a s a r a n u m u m G B H N 1 9 9 3 s e p e r t i d i j a b a r k a n d i a t a s , d i s u s u n s a s a r a n d a n k e b i j a k s a n a a n p e m b a -n g u -n a -n d a l a m R e p e l i t a V l , b e r d a s a r k a -n : 1 ) h a s i l - h a s i l y a n g d i c a p a i s e l a m a P J P l; 2 ) s a s a r a n - s a s a r a n y a n g i n g i n d i c a p a i d a l a m P J P ll s e p e r t i y a n g tadi telah diungkapkan; 3 ) t a n t a n g a n d a n k e n d a l a y a n g d i h a d a p i b a i k d a r i d a l a m m a u p u n d a r i l u a r
n e g e r i ; d a n 4 ) p e l u a n g p e n g e m b a n g a n y a n g b e r s u m b e r d a r i d a l a m m a u p u n lu a r n e g e r i .
2 7 . S e t i a p u p a y a p e r e n c a n a a n p e m b a n g u n a n p e r l u dimulai dengan u p a y a u n t u k m e n g a t a s i m a s a l a h a n g k a t a n k e r j a . T e r u t a m a b a g i b a n g s a In d o n e s i a , s e p e r t i d i k e m u k a k a n p a d a awal sajian i n i , m a s a l a h p e n y e d i a a n l a p a n g a n k e r j a p r o d u k t i f m e r u p a k a n t a n t a n g a n y a n g sangat mendesak d a l a m R e p e l i t a V l . S e b a g i a n b e s a r d a r i p e n c a r i k e r j a b a r u a d a l a h a n a k - a n a k m u d a d a n d i a n t a r a n y a b e r p e n d i d i k a n m e n e n g a h d a n t i n g g i , y a n g m e n y e -b a -b k a n m a s a l a h k e s e m p a t a n k e r j a m e n j a d i l e b i h r u m i t d a n p e k a ( T a b e l B - 1 .l l h a l . 4 1 . P a d a R e p e l i t a V l a n g k a t a n k e r j a d i p e r k i r a k a n a k a n m e n i n g k a t d e n g a n s e k i t a r 1 2 , 6 ju t a o r a n g . 2 8 . P e m e c a h a n m a s a l a h l a p a n g a n k e r j a b e r d i m e n s i l u a s . P e r t a m a -t a m a m a s a l a h i n i i n g i n d i a t a s i d a r i s u m b e r a w a l n y a , y a i t u m e l a l u i u p a y a m e n u r u n k a n l a j u p e r t u m b u h a n p e n d u d u k . D a l a m R e p e l i t a V l d e n g a n p r o g r a m - p r o g r a m k e p e n d u d u k a n l a j u p e r t u m b u h a n p e n d u d u k d i u p a y a k a n d a p a t d i t u r u n k a n h i n g g a m e n c a p a i s e k i t a r 1 , 5 p e r s e n p a d a ta h u n t e r a k h i r R e p e l i t a V l d a r i s e d i k i t d i b a w a h 1 , 7 p e r s e n p a d a ta h u n t e r a k h i r R e p e l i t a V . D e n g a n ti n g k a t p e r t u m b u h a n t e r s e b u t , ju m l a h p e n d u d u k p a d a a k h i r R e p e l i t a V l d i p e r k i r a k a n m e n c a p a i s e k i t a r 2 O 4 ju t a j i w a ( T a b e l B - 1 . l h a l . 3 ) . 2 9 . D i s a m p i n g s e g i k u a n t i t a t i f n y a , s e g i k u a l i t a t i f n y a p e r l u m e n -d a p a t p e r h a t i a n p u l a k a r e n a b e r p e n g a r u h p a -d a p e m e c a h a n m a s a l a h k e s e m p a t a n k e r j a . P e n i n g k a t a n k u a l i t a s s u m b e r d a y a m a n u s i a m e r u p a k a n k e k u a t a n p e m b a n g u n a n d a n s e k a l i g u s t u j u a n p e m b a n g u n a n , K u a l i t a s s u m b e r d a y a m a n u s i a t e r c e r m i n a n t a r a la i n p a d a ta r a f p e n d i d i k a n d a n d e r a j a t k e s e h a t a n n y a . 3 0 . D a l a m R e p e l i t a V l p e m b a n g u n a n d i b i d a n g p e n d i d i k a n d i a r a h k a n p a d a p e n l n g k a t a n k u a l i t a s s e r t a p e m e r a t a a n p e n d i -d i k a n , t e r u t a m a p e n -d i -d i k a n d a s a r s e r t a p e n d i d i k a n k e j u r u a n , u n t u k m e n g h a s i l k a n t e n a g a - t e n a g a t e r a m p i l d a n p r o f e s i o n a l y a n g m e m e n u h i k e b u t u h a n p e m b a n g u n a n . P r o g r a m y a n g a m a t
p e n t i n g d a l a m R e p e l i t a V l a d a l a h d i m u l a i n y a w a j i b b e l a j a r 9 t a h u n . U p a y a i n i p e r l u d i l a k u k a n s e c a r a c e r m a t k a r e n a k i t a m e n y a d a r i b a n y a k k e n d a l a n y a . K e n d a l a y a n g p a l i n g u t a m a a d a l a h k o n d i s i s o s i a l - e k o n o m i m a s y a r a k a t , d i m a n a b a n y a k r u m a h t a n g g a y a n g t e r p a k s a m e m p e k e r j a k a n a n g g o t a
k e l u a r g a n y a y a n g berumur di bawah 1 5 tahun untu k mencari
n a f k a h . P a d a a k h i r P J P I a n a k u s i a d i b a w a h 1 5 t a h u n y a n g t e r p a k s a b e k e r j a m a s i h b e r j u m l a h 2 , 4 j u t a . S a s a r a n y a n g akan d i c a p a i d i b i d a n g p e n d i d i k a n d a l a m R e p e l i t a V l a d a p a d a T a b e l B - 1 . lV . 3 p a d a h a l . 6 . 3 1 . P e m b a n g u n a n k e s e h a t a n d a l a m R e p e l i t a V l d i a r a h k a n u n t u k m e n i n g k a t k a n k u a l i t a s d a n p e m e r a t a a n j a n g k a u a n p e l a y a n a n k e s e h a t a n g u n a m e n i n g k a t k a n d e r a j a t k e s e h a t a n m a s y a r a k a t t e r m a s u k p e r b a i k a n g i z i . B e b e r a p a i n d i k a t o r y a n g m e r u p a k a n s a s a r a n p e n t i n g d a l a m R e p e l i t a V l a d a p a d a ta b e l B - 1 , a n t a r a l a i n : a . A n g k a k e m a t i a n b a y i d i h a r a p k a n m e n u r u n d a r i 5 8 o r a n g p e r 1 0 0 0 k e l a h i r a n h i d u p m e n j a d i 50 orang per 1000 k e l a h i r a n h i d u p ( T a b e l B - 1 . | V . 1 h a l . 5 ) . b . D e n g a n d e m i k i a n h a r a p a n H i d u p W a k t u L a h i r d i h a r a p k a n m e n i n g k a t d a r i 6 2 , 7 t a h u n m e n j a d i 6 4 , 6 t a h u n ( T a b e l B -1 .l V . 2 h a l . 6 l . 3 2 . U n t u k m e n a n g g u l a n g i m a s a l a h k e s e m p a t a n k e r j a d a n s e k a l i g u s m e m a n t a p k a n p r o s e s t i n g g a l la n d a s , d a l a m R e p e l i t a V l d i u p a -y a k a n u n t u k m e n c a p a i l a j u p e r t u m b u h a n e k o n o m i y a n g c u k u p m e m a d a i d i s e r t a i d e n g a n p e m e r a t a a n y a n g m a k i n m e l u a s d a n s t a b i l i t a s y a n g senantiasa t e r p e l i h a r a m a n t a p . 3 3 . S e l a m a R e p e l i t a V l l a j u p e r t u m b u h a n e k o n o m i d i u p a y a k a n u n t u k m e n c a p a i r a t a r a t a 6 , 2 p e r s e n p e r t a h u n . S u m b e r
-s u m b e r p e r t u m b u h a n u t a m a -s e l a i n b e r a -s a l d a r i p e n i n g k a t a n i n v e s t a s i d a n p e n i n g k a t a n p e m a n f a a t a n t e n a g a k e r j a , j u g a b e r a s a l d a r i p e n i n g k a t a n p r o d u k t i v i t a s s e l u r u h p e r e k o n o m i a n ( T a b e l B - 1 . 1 1 1 . 1 d a n 2 h a l . 4 d a n 5 ) . D a l a m R e p e l i t a V l , s e k i t a r 2 2 p e r s e n d a r i p e r t u m b u h a n e k o n o m i m e r u p a k a n s u m b a n g a n d a r i p e n i n g k a t a n p r o d u k t i v i t a s m a s y a r a k a t . S e j a l a n d e n g a n it u , p r o d u k t i v i t a s t e n a g a k e r j a y a n g d i u k u r d e n g a n n i s b a h n i l a i t a m b a h p e r p e k e r j a r a t a - r a t a a k a n m e n i n g k a t s e b e s a r 3 , 3 p e r s e n p e r t a h u n . P e n i n g k a t a n p r o d u k t i v i t a s tersebut akan d i c a p a i m e l a l u i p e n i n g k a t a n p r o d u k t i v i t a s m o d a l d a n tenaga k e r j a , p e n i n g k a t a n e f is i e n s i k e l e m b a g a a n , d a n p e n e r a p a n t e k n o l o g i . 3 4 . S e c a r a s e k t o r a l ( T a b e l B - 1 .l l l . 1 d a n 3 p a d a h a l . 4 d a n 5 ) , s a s a r a n p e r t u m b u h a n p e r t a n i a n a d a l a h r a t a - r a t a s e k i t a r 3 , 4 p e r s e n p e r tahun, industri pengolahan r a t a - r a t a 9 , 4 p e r s e n p e r t a h u n d a n d i d a l a m n y a i n d u s t r i p e n g o l a h a n n o n - m i g a s d i p r o -y e k s i k a n m e n i n g k a t d e n g a n ra t a - r a t a 1 0 , 3 p e r s e n p e r t a h u n , s e d a n g k a n s e k t o r l a i n p e r t u m b u h a n n y a r a t a - r a t a 6 , 0 p e r s e n p e r tahun. Dengan perkembangan sektoral seperti itu, p e r a n a n sektor industri dalam harga konstan 1989/90 akan m e n i n g k a t m e n j a d i s e k i t a r 2 4 , 1 p e r s e n d a n s e k t o r p e r t a n i a n t u r u n m e n j a d i s e k i t a r 1 7 ,6 persen. 3 5 . D e n g a n t i n g k a t p e r t u m b u h a n e k o n o m i t e r s e b u t d a n l a j u p e r t u m b u h a n p e n d u d u k s e b e s a r 1 , 5 p e r s e n p a d a a k h i r R e p e l i t a V l , P r o d u k D o m e s t i k B r u t o n o m i n a l p e r k a p i t a In d o n e s i a a k a n m e l a m p a u i U S $ 1 . O O O . P D B p e r k a p i t a s e c a r a n y a t a a k a n m e n i n g k a t s e k i t a r 4 , 7 p e r s e n p e r tahun. 3 6 . D e n g a n b e r b a g a i la n g k a h te r s e b u t d i a t a s d a n d e n g a n p e r -t u m b u h a n e k o n o m i r a -t a - r a -t a 6 , 2 p e r s e n s e -t a h u n , d a l a m R e p e l i t a V l a k a n d i c i p t a k a n l a p a n g a n k e r j a b a r u b a g i 1 1 ,9 juta o r a n g ( T a b e l B - 1 . 1 1 . 2 h a l 4 l . S e k t o r p e r t a n i a n d i h a r a p k a n
m e n y e r a p s e k i t a r 1 , 9 j u t a o r a n g , in d u s t r i s e k i t a r 3 j u t a o r a n g d a n s e k t o r - s e k t o r l a i n 7 j u t a o r a n g . D e n g a n d e m i k i a n m a k a t i n g k a t p e n g a n g g u r a n t e r b u k a y a n g p a d a ta h u n 1 9 9 0 d i p e r k i r a
-k a n 3 ,2 persen a-kan dapat diturun-kan menjadi 0,8 persen p a d a a k h i r R e p e l i t a V l . S e l a i n it u , d a l a m r a n g k a m e n g u r a n g i s e t e n g a h p e n g a n g g u r a n , j a m kerja rata-rata p e r p e k e r j a d i u p a -y a k a n mening k a t . 3 7 . U n t u k m e n c a p a i s a s a r a n p e r t u m b u h a n e k o n o m i t e r s e b u t d i a t a s d i p e r s y a r a t k a n t e r s e d i a n y a d a n a in v e s t a s i y a n g memadai, y a n g diperkirakan s e k i t a r R p 6 6 0 t r i l i u n a t a u s e k i t a r 8 O p e r s e n l e b i h b e s a r d a r i r e a l i s a s i i n v e s t a s i s e l a m a R e p e l i t a V a t a u 1 7 5 p e r s e n le b i h b e s a r d a r i r e n c a n a i n v e s t a s i R e p e l i t a V ( T a b e l B -1 . V h a l . 6 ) . I n v e s t a s i t e r s e b u t t e r d i r i a t a s in v e s t a s i p e m e r i n t a h s e b e s a r R p 1 7 6 t r i l i u n d a n i n v e s t a s i s w a s t a s e b e s a r R p 4 8 4 t r i l i u n a t a u le b i h d a r i 7 3 p e r s e n n y a . 3 8 . U n t u k m e n c a p a i s a s a r a n la j u p e r t u m b u h a n e k o n o m i y a n g d i t e t a p k a n , p e n g h i m p u n a n d a n a in v e s t a s i h a r u s s e j a l a n d e n g a n p e n i n g k a t a n e f i s i e n s i p e n g g u n a a n n y a . I n t i d a r i p e r m a s a l a h a n -n y a a d a l a h m e -n i -n g k a t k a -n e f i s i e n s i d a n p r o d u k t i v i t a s s e c a r a m e n y e l u r u h d i s e g a l a b i d a n g . U n t u k i t u , p e r l u d i g a l i d a n d i k e m b a n g k a n s e c a r a m a k s i m a l s u m b e r - s u m b e r p e r t u m b u h a n p e m b a n g u n a n y a n g b e r a s a l d a r i d a l a m n e g e r i . 3 9 . S a l a h s a t u l a n g k a h p e n t i n g d a l a m ra n g k a p e n i n g k a t a n e f i s i e n s i i n v e s t a s i a d a l a h u p a y a p e n u r u n a n d a n a in v e s t a s i y a n g dibutuh-k a n b a g i s e t i a p s a t u a n p e n i n g dibutuh-k a t a n p r o d u dibutuh-k s i . U p a y a i n i m e n c a k u p a n t a r a l a i n : a . m e l a n j u t k a n k e b i j a k s a n a a n d e r e g u l a s i d a n d e b i r o k r a t i s a s i u n t u k m e n g h a p u s k a n h a m b a t a n y a n g menghalangi g e r a k p e r e k o n o m i a n ;
b . m e l a n j u t k a n u p a y a p e n y e m p u r n a a n d a n p e m a n t a p a n k e l e m b a g a a n d a n a p a r a t u r s e c a r a m e n y e l u r u h b a i k d i s e k t o r p e m e r i n t a h d i p u s a t m a u p u n d a e r a h , d i s e k t o r s w a s t a d a n m a s y a r a k a t p a d a umumnya; d . m e m p e r t a j a m p r i o r i t a s o p t i m a l k a p a s i t a s y a n g ada serta p r a s a r a n a y a n g t e l a h d i b a n g u n ; d a n a in v e s t a s i p e m e r i n t a h ; m e n d o r o n g k e g i a t a n i n v e s t a s i m a s y a r a k a t ; t . m e m b e r i p e r h a t i a n k h u s u s b a g i p e n g e m b a n g a n u s a h a m e n e n g a h d a n k e c i l t e r m a s u k k o p e r a s i y a n g b a n y a k m e n y e r a p t e n a g a k e r j a , s e r t a m e m p e r k u k u h s t r u k t u r d u n i a u s a h a n a s i o n a l . 4 0 . P e n e r i m a a n P e m e r i n t a h d a l a m A P B N s e l a m a R e p e l i t a V l d i p e r k i r a k a n b e r j u m l a h R p 4 4 3 , 5 t r i l i u n d e n g a n p e r i n c i a n R p 3 8 2 , 0 t r i l i u n m e r u p a k a n p e n e r i m a a n d a l a m n e g e r i , d a n R p 6 1 , 5 t r i l i u n m e r u p a k a n b a n t u a n l u a r n e g e r i ( T a b e l B - 9 h a l . 1 7 l ' . 4 1 . P e n e r i m a a n p a j a k ( T a b e l B - 1 , V 1 h a l . 7 ) d i h a r a p k a n m e n i n g k a t r a t a - r a t a 1 7 , 3 p e r s e n p e r t a h u n d a l a m R e p e l i t a V l , s e h i n g g a p e r a n a n p e n e r i m a a n p a j a k d a l a m p e n e r i m a a n d a l a m n e g e r i a k a n m e n i n g k a t d a r i s e k i t a r 6 4 p e r s e n p a d a a k h i r R e p e l i t a V m e n j a d i s e k i t a r 7 7 p e r s e n p a d a akhir Repelita V l . P a d a a k h i r R e p e l i t a V l p e r a n a n p e n e r i m a a n m i g a s h a n y a l a h t i n g g a l 1 5 , 6 p e r s e n d i b a n d i n g 2 8 , 7 p e r s e n p a d a akhir Repelita V . 4 2 . D a l a m r a n g k a m e m b a n g u n k e m a n d i r i a n s e l a m a R e p e l i t a V l , p e r a n a n b a n t u a n lu a r n e g e r i s e b a g a i s u m b e r d a n a u n t u k p e m -b a n g u n a n d i u s a h a k a n t e r u s b e r k u r a n g , s e d a n g k a n p e r a n a n t a b u n g a n p e m e r i n t a h d i u p a y a k a n t e r u s m e n i n g k a t . D a n a m e m a n f a a t k a n s e c a r a m e m e l i h a r a s a r a n a d a n
b a n t u a n l u a r n e g e r i t e r u t a m a y a n g b e r s y a r a t lu n a k d i m a n -f a a t k a n s e c a r a m a k s i m a l d e n g a n te t a p m e m p e r h a t i k a n b a t a s -b a t a s y a n g a m a n . D a l a m h u -b u n g a n i t u p e r a n a n t a -b u n g a n p e m e r i n t a h d a l a m a n g g a r a n p e m b a n g u n a n a k a n m e n i n g k a t d a r i s e k i t a r 6 2 p e r s e n p a d a a k h i r R e p e l i t a V m e n j a d i s e k i t a r 6 B p e r s e n p a d a akhir Repelita V l . 4 3 . D a l a m R e p e l i t a V l , p e n g h a s i l a n d e v i s a d a r i e k s p o r n o n m i g a s a k a n m e n i n g k a t d e n g a n r a t a - r a t a 1 6 , 8 p e r s e n p e r t a h u n s e h i n g g a m e n c a p a i s e k i t a r U S $ 6 1 m i l i a r p a d a a k h i r R e p e l i t a V l ( T a b e l B - 1 . V l l h a l . 7 ) . P e n i n g k a t a n e k s p o r n o n m i g a s t e r u t a m a d i h a r a p k a n d a r i e k s p o r h a s i l in d u s t r i p e n g o l a h a n y a n g m e n i n g k a t d e n g a n r a t a - r a t a 1 7 , 8 p e r s e n p e r t a h u n s e h i n g g a m e n c a p a i s e k i t a r U S $ 5 5 m i l i a r p a d a a k h i r R e p e l i t a V l ( T a b e l B - 1 . V l l h a l . 7 1 . 4 4 . P o s i s i h u t a n g lu a r n e g e r i d i p r o y e k s i k a n s e n a n t i a s a b e r a d a d i d a l a m b a t a s - b a t a s y a n g a m a n , b a h k a n s e b a g a i p e r s e n t a s e d a r i P D B , s t o k h u t a n g I n d o n e s i a d i h a r a p k a n t u r u n d a r i s e k i t a r 5 7 p e r s e n p a d a a k h i r R e p e l i t a V m e n j a d i s e k i t a r 4 6 p e r s e n p a d a akhir Repelita V l ( T a b e l B - 1 . V l l l h a l . B ) . R a s i o p e l u n a s a n h u t a n g p e m e r i n t a h d a n s w a s t a te r h a d a p e k s p o r (D e b t S e r v i c e R a t i o ) d i u p a y a k a n p u l a terus menurun d a r i s e k i t a r 3 0 , 5 p e r s e n p a d a akhir Repelita V m e n j a d i s e k i t a r 2 0 , 6 p e r s e n p a d a a k h i r R e p e l i t a V l . K e s e l u r u h a n n y a i t u a k a n m e n c e r m i n k a n k e a d a a n e k o n o m i y a n g m a k i n m a n d i r i . 4 5 . U n t u k m e n d u k u n g k e g i a t a n e k o n o m i y a n g m a k i n m e n i n g k a t , p r a s a r a n a e k o n o m i s e p e r t i ja l a n , je m b a t a n , p e n g a i r a n , p e l a -b u h a n l a u t d a n u d a r a , s a r a n a p e n g a n g k u t a n , t e n a g a l i s t r i k , t e l e k o m u n i k a s i , d a n s a r a n a p e n g a i r a n a k a n t e r u s d i b a n g u n . K e t e r s e d i a a n p r a s a r a n a e k o n o m i y a n g tidak seimbang d e n g a n p e n i n g k a t a n p r o d u k s i d a n j a s a m e r u p a k a n k e n d a l a d a n m e n g u r a n g i t i n g k a t e f i s i e n s i e k o n o m i s e c a r a n a s i o n a l d a n p a d a
g i l i r a n n y a d a p a t m e n g g a n g g u s t a b i l i t a s e k o n o m i . M e n y a d a r i t e r b a t a s n y a k e m a m p u a n P e m e r i n t a h , p a d a h a l k e b u t u h a n p r a s a r a n a a m a t b e s a r , m a k a p a r t i s i p a s i m a s y a r a k a t d a n d u n i a u s a h a d a l a m m e m b a n g u n p r a s a r a n a a k a n t e r u s d i d o r o n g , t e r u t a m a d i d a e r a h y a n g t i n g k a t p e r t u m b u h a n n y a t i n g g i , d i m a n a i n v e s t a s i s w a s t a m e m p u n y a i k e l a y a k a n e k o n o m i y a n g c u k u p t i n g g i . D e n g a n d e m i k i a n u p a y a P e m e r i n t a h d a l a m p e m b a n g u n a n p r a s a r a n a d a n s a r a n a s e c a r a b e r t a h a p d a p a t l e b i h d i t u j u k a n k e w i l a y a h y a n g t e r b e l a k a n g d a n u n t u k m a s y a r a k a t y a n g tertinggal, d a n u n t u k i n v e s t a s i d i d a e r a h d a n p a d a k e g i a t a n y a n g diperlukan tetapi kurang menarik bagi s w a s t a , t e r m a s u k d i b i d a n g p e m b a n g u n a n s u m b e r d a y a m a n u s i a y a n g sifatnya mendasar. ' 4 6 . U p a y a u n t u k l e b i h m e m e r a t a k a n p e m b a n g u n a n s e r t a m e n a n g -g u l a n -g i k e m i s k i n a n d a l a m R e p e l i t a V l a k a n d i t i n g k a t k a n . U p a y a i n i d i d u k u n g o l e h k e b i j a k s a n a a n m a k r o , b a i k k e b i j a k s a n a a n f i s k a l , m o n e t e r m a u p u n n e r a c a p e m b a y a r a n y a n g serasi dan d i n a m i s . D a l a m r a n g k a p e n i n g k a t a n p e m e r a t a a n k e s e m p a t a n b e r u s a h a , p e r h a t i a n y a n g l e b i h besar diberikan u n t u k m e n g e m -b a n g k a n u s a h a k e c i l t e r m a s u k p e n g u s a h a s e k t o r i n f o r m a l , t r a d i s i o n a l d a n k o p e r a s i m e l a l u i p e r l u a s a n a k s e s n y a t e r h a d a p s u m b e r d a y a e k o n o m i s e r t a k e m u d a h a n m e m a s u k i p a s a r . P e m e r a t a a n p e m b a n g u n a n a n t a r s e k t o r d i u p a y a k a n m e l a l u i p e n y e i m b a n g a n s e c a r a b e r t a h a p p e r a n a n d a n s u m b a n g a n k e t i g a s e k t o r e k o n o m i , y a i t u p e r t a n i a n , i n d u s t r i , d a n j a s a d a l a m r a n g k a m e n c i p t a k a n n i l a i t a m b a h d a n p r o d u k t i v i t a s e k o n o m i n a s i o n a l y a n g t i n g g i s e h i n g g a k e t i m p a n g a n p e n d a -p a t a n s e c a r a b e r t a h a -p d a -p a t d i k u r a n g i . U -p a y a -p e m e r a t a a n p e m b a n g u n a n d a e r a h d i w u j u d k a n d e n g a n m e n d o r o n g i n v e s t a s i d a n m e m p e r c e p a t u p a y a p e n i n g k a t a n s u m b e r d a y a m a n u s i a d i w i l a y a h y a n g b e l u m b e r k e m b a n g .
4 7 . D a l a m r a n g k a p e m b a n g u n a n d a e r a h , p e r h a t i a n k h u s u s d i b e r i -k a n -k e p a d a d a e r a h t r a n s m i g r a s i , d a e r a h t e r p e n c i l , d a e r a h m i n u s , d a e r a h k r i t i s , d a e r a h p e r b a t a s a n , d a n d a e r a h te r b e -l a k a n g -la i n n y a , y a n g d i s e s u a i k a n d e n g a n p r i o r i t a s d a n p o t e n s i d a e r a h y a n g b e r s a n g k u t a n . P e m b a n g u n a n k a w a s a n t i m u r I n d o n e s i a ( K T l ) , sesuai d e n g a n a r a h a n G B H N 1 9 9 3 , m e n d a p a t -k a n p e r h a t i a n l e b i h b e s a r d a l a m R e p e l i t a V l . P e m b a n g u n a n K T I d i m a k s u d k a n u n t u k m e m b a n g u n k a w a s a n y a n g rata-rata m a s i h t e r t i n g g a l d i b a n d i n g k a w a s a n la i n n y a d e n g a n m e m a n f a a t k a n s u m b e r d a y a s e t e m p a t s e o p t i m a l m u n g k i n . 4 8 . U p a y a m e n a n g g u l a n g i k e m i s k i n a n d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n m e m a -d u k a n b e r b a g a i k e b i j a k s a n a a n d a n p r o g r a m p e m b a n g u n a n b a i k k e b i j a k s a n a a n d a n p r o g r a m s e k t o r a l m a u p u n r e g i o n a l . D a l a m R e p e l i t a V l u p a y a in i a k a n d i t a m b a h d e n g a n p r o g r a m k h u s u s y a i t u l n p r e s D e s a T e r t i n g g a l . S a s a r a n d a r i k e b i j a k s a n a a n p e n a n g g u l a n g a n k e m i s k i n a n i n i a d a l a h b e r k u r a n g n y a p e n d u d u k m i s k i n p a d a a k h i r R e p e l i t a V l m e n j a d i s e k i t a r 1 2 j u t a o r a n g , a t a u 6 p e r s e n d a r i s e l u r u h p e n d u d u k In d o n e s i a . P a d a a k h i r R e p e l i t a V l l m a s a l a h k e m i s k i n a n m e n u r u t p e n g e r t i a n k i t a s e k a r a n g d i h a r a p k a n s e b a g i a n b e s a r s u d a h te r a t a s i . 4 9 . D e m i k i a n l a h p o k o k p o k o k ta n t a n g a n , s a s a r a n , d a n k e b i j a k -s a n a a n y a n g h a r u -s k i t a h a d a p i d a l a m P J P ll d a n R e p e l i t a V l . S e j a k 1 A p r i l 1 9 9 4 k i t a t e l a h m e n g a w a l i p e l a k s a n a a n n y a , k i t a t e l a h m u l a i m e l a k s a n a k a n t a h u n p e r t a m a R e p e l i t a V l , k i t a t e l a h m e n g a w a l i p e l a k s a n a a n P J P l l . S e b a g a i m a n a d ia m a n a t k a n G B H N 1 9 9 3 p e m b a n g u n a n n a s i o n a l d i s e l e n g g a r a k a n o l e h m a -s y a r a k a t b e r s a m a p e m e r i n t a h . D a l a m h u b u n g a n i n i p e m e r i n t a h b e r k e w a j i b a n u n t u k m e m b e r i k a n p e n g a r a h a n d a n b i m b i n g a n , s e r t a m e n c i p t a k a n ik l i m y a n g m e n d o r o n g p e r a n s e r t a a k t i f m a s y a r a k a t d a l a m p e m b a n g u n a n . D e n g a n d e m i k i a n a p a r a t u r n e g a r a d i p u s a t m a u p u n d i d a e r a h - d a e r a h b e r p e r a n a m a t
5 0 . P e m b a n g u n a n y a n g m a k i n l u a s d a n k o m p l e k d i m a s a - m a s a y a n g a k a n d a t a n g m e n g h a r u s k a n p e l a k s a n a a n y a y a n g m a k i n t e r d e s e n t r a l i s a s i , d a n m e n u n t u t k u a l i t a s d a n i n t e g r i t a s a p a r a t u r y a n g m a k i n t i n g g i p u l a . U n t u k i t u u n s u r a p a r a t u r n e g a r a d i p u s a t m a u p u n d i d a e r a h m e n g h a d a p i t a n t a n g a n g a n d a , ( 1 ) s e c a r a in t e r n a l h a r u s d a p a t m e n i n g k a t a k a n d i s i p l i n , p e n g e t a -h u a n d a n k e t e r a m p i l a n n y a u n t u k k e l a n c a r a n p e l a k s a n a a n t u g a s ; ( 2 1 s e c a r a e x t e r n a l h a r u s d a p a t m e n i n g k a t k a n e f i s i n s i d a n k u a l i t a s p e l a y a n a n k e p a d a m a s y a r a k a t , s e h i n g g a m e n i m -b u l k a n k e l a n c a r a n p e l a k s a n a a n , s e r t a m e n i n g k a t k a n d a y a s a i n g , g a i r a h p e m b a n g u n a n , d a n p r o d u k t i v i t a s m a s y a r a k a t . 5 1 . K e b e r a d a a n K O R P R I s e b a g a i u n s u r a p a r a t u r n e g a r a , a b d i n e g a r a , d a n a b d i m a s y a r a k a t , s e b a g a i s a t u - s a t u n y a w a d a h p e m b i n a a n n o n - k e d i n a s a n b a g i s e g e n a p p e g a w a i R e p u b l i k I n d o n e s i a d a l a m u p a y a m e n i n g k a t k a n k u a l i t a s d a n i n t e g r i t a s a p a r a t u r n e g a r a , m e n d u d u k i p o s i s i d a n p e r a n a n y a n g a m a t p e n t i n g ; d a n a k a n t u r u t m e n e n t u k a n k e b e r h a s i l a n p e m b a -n g u -n a -n d i m a s a - m a s a y a n g a k a n d a t a n g . S e l a i n b e r p e r a n a n m e n i n g k a t k a n k e m a m p u a n p r o f e s i o n a l , p e n g e t a h u a n d a n k e t e r a m p i l a n , k e b e r a d a a n K O R P R I j u g a dimaksudkan untuk l e b i h m e n i n g k a t k a n p e r j u a n g a n , p e n g a b d i a n , s e r t a k e s e t i a a n -n y a k e p a d a c i t a - c i t a p e r j u a -n g a -n b a n g s a d a n n e g a r a k e s a t u a n R e p u b l i k I n d o n e s i a b e r d a s a r k a n P a n c a s i l a d a n U U D 1 9 4 5 , s a n g a t p e n t i n g . 5 2 . S e b a b it u M U N A S K e e m p a t K O R P R I i n i , y a n g m e n g a m b i l t e m a " M e l a l u i P e n g a b d i a n n y a K O R P R I S i a p M e l a k s a n a k a n d a n M e n y u k s e s k a n P e m b a n g u n a n J a n g k a P a n j a n g K e d u a d e n g a n M e n i n g k a t k a n K u a l i t a s S u m b e r D a y a M a n u s i a " , a d a l a h s a n g a t t e p a t . T e m a te r s e b u t s e p e n u h n y a m e n c e r m i n k a n k e s a d a r a n b a h w a k e b e r h a s i l a n p e m b a n g u n a n a k a n d i t e n t u k a n p u l a o l e h k u a l i t a s , in t e g r i t a s d a n k e m a m p u a n a p a r a t u r n e g a r a . K e w a -1 8 c:ws6/samb-94/korpri, bahan ceramah MENPPN pada Munas KORPRI Jakarta, 13 April 1994
j i b a n kita, segenap a n g g o t a K O R P R I u n t u k s e l a n j u t n y a m e l a k s a -n a k a -n -n y a s e c a r a s u n g g u h - s u n g g u h . 5 3 . S a y a y a k i n , d e n g a n b e r p e g a n g te g u h p a d a S a p t a P r a s e t y a K o r p s P e g a w a i R e p u b l i k I n d o n e s i a , s e t i a p fu n g s i o n a r i s K O R P R I a k a n m a m p u m e n j a d i t e l a d a n d a l a m m e l a k s a n a k a n f u n g s i d a n t u g a s n y a s e b a g a i a p a r a t u r n e g a r a , a b d i n e g a r a , d a n a b d i m a s y a r a k a t . J a k a r t a , 1 3 A p r i l 1 9 9 4
