POLA PERUBAHAN KONSENTRASI VITAMIN C, TEKSTUR, DAN WARNA PADA KUBIS PUTIH (Brassica Oleracea L. Var. Capitata L. f. Alba) SELAMA PENGUKUSAN - Unika Repository

LAMPIRAN 1. Hasil Observasi dan Wawancara Pedagang Siomay di Semarang

Pertanyaan :

1.

Berapa jam Anda berjualan dalam sehari?

2.

Bagaimana cara membuat kubis gulung yang digunakan sebagai pelengkap

siomay?

3.

Bagian kubis mana saja yang digunakan untuk membuat kubis gulung?

4.

Berapa kali Anda mengganti kubis di dalam dandang dengan kubis yang baru?

5.

Berapa suhu air di dalam dandang?

Lokasi

Pertanyaan

Banyumanik

Unika Soegijapranata

Domenico Savio

Q1

8 jam

dari pk 8.00 sampai

pk 16.00

6 jam

dari pk 11.00 sampai

pk 17.00

6 jam

dari pk 10.00 sampai

pk 16.00

Q2

Kubis yang sudah

dicuci bersih,

dikupas tiap

lembarnya lalu

direbus hingga

mendidih. Kemudian

diangkat dan

ditiriskan, lalu

digulung tiap

lembarnya. Lembar

yang kecil

digabungkan

beberapa lembar baru

digulung. Lalu kubis

gulung yang sudah

siap, sebagian

dimasukkan dalam

dandang dan

sebagian lagi

disimpan untuk nanti

dimasukkan dalam

dandang bila sudah

habis.

Kubis yang sudah

bersih dicuci, lalu

dikupas tiap

lembarnya. Bonggol

yang susah dikupas,

dipatahkan dari bagian

daun dan tidak dipakai.

Kemudian ke dalam air

yang sudah mendidih,

dicelupkan kubis ke

dalamnya selama 2-3

menit sampai layu

sampai mudah

digulung. Setelah

ditiriskan, digulung

tiap lembarnya. Untuk

lembaran yang terlalu

kecil ditumpuk 2-3

lapis baru digulung

menjadi satu.

Gulungan-gulungan

kubis rebus ini

kemudian disimpan

dalam plastik dan siap

dijual.

Kubis dibersihkan dari

lembaran luar yang

jelek, busuk, dan

berlubang. Kemudian

dipotong bagian

bonggol tengahnya.

Lalu tiap lembarnya

dikupas dengan

bantuan pisau sampai

habis. Tiap lembar

dicuci kemudian

direbus dalam air

mendidih sampai layu.

Setelah itu digulung

dan disimpan dalam

kotak, siap untuk

dijual. Untuk

lembaran yang kecil

ditumpuk beberapa

lapis baru digulung

menjadi satu.

Q3

Semua bagian

kecuali bonggol

tengah yang sangat

keras

Semua bagian kecuali

bonggol tengah dan

batang daun yang

sangat keras

Semua bagian kecuali

lembar yang terlalu

kecil tidak digunakan.

Q4

Tidak pasti, kalau

habis baru saya

Tergantung habisnya,

tapi biasanya jam 2

Biasanya 1 jam sudah

habis. Lalu saya

43

44

tambahi lagi. Yang

baru saya taruh

bawah yang lama

saya taruh atas.

Biasanya saya

masukkan yang baru

4-5 kali.

atau jam 3, saya

masukkan kubis yang

baru

masukkan yang baru

lagi, begitu habis baru

saya masukkan lagi.

Kira-kira 2-3 kali saya

masukkan yang baru

Q5

Pada saat kompor

mati 70

0

C.

Ketika ada pembeli,

kompor dihidupkan

sebentar suhu air 75

0

Kompor dibiarkan

menyala dengan api

kecil, suhu air sekitar

90

0

C.

Kompor dihidupkan

dengan api kecil

ketika isi dandang

penuh, lalu dimatikan

saat isi dandang

tinggal sedikit. Suhu

air 85

0

C.

Foto Pedagang siomay di daerah

kampus Unika Soegijapranata

Semarang

6.1.

Foto Pedagang siomay di daerah

yayasan Pangudi Luhur, Jl. Dr.

Sutomo, Semarang

LAMPIRAN 2. Kurva Standar Vitamin C

ml ppm

absorbansi

0,5017

0,5514

1

8

0,5159

0,3582

0,3682

2

16

0,3842

0,2925

0,2993

2,5

20

0,3185

0,2158

0,2308

3

24

0,2467

0,0861

0,0798

4

32

0,1199

0,0133

0,0182

5

40

0,0221

kurva standar vit C

y = -0.016x + 0.6307

R

2

= 0.9815

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0

10

20

30

40

50

ppm

ab

s

abs

Linear (abs)

45

LAMPIRAN 3. Uji pendahuluan Kandungan Vitamin C

Uji pendahuluan kandungan vitamin C tiap bagian lembar daun kubis

sampel

absorbansi

ppm

Rata-rata ppm

mg as.askorbat per 100g sampel

0.0559 35.9250

0.0592 35.7188

0.0657 35.3125

0.0668 35.2438

0.0586 35.7563

dalam

0.0563 35.9000

35.6427 28.5142

0.1073 32.7125

0.0933 33.5875

0.0895 33.8250

0.1086 32.6313

0.094 33.5438

tengah

0.0902 33.7813

33.3469 26.6775

0.1051 32.8500

0.0985 33.2625

0.0991 33.2250

0.1033 32.9625

0.1012 33.0938

luar

0.0991 33.2250

33.1031 26.4825

Uji pendahuluan kandungan vitamin C selama pengukusan

perlakuan absorbansi ppm

Rata-rata

ppm

mg as.askorbat

per 100g sampel

Suhu air

(

0

C)

0,0920

33,6688

kol segar

0,0947

33,5000

33,4208

26,7367

0,1012

33,0938

kol kukus

0,1071

32,7250

5 menit

0,1053

32,8375

32,7625

26,2100

89,6

0,1071

32,7250

kol kukus

0,2490

23,8563

1 jam

0,2196

25,6938

24,6292

19,7033

90,2

0,2413

24,3375

kol kukus

0,5703

3,7750

1 jam 15 mnit

0,5792

3,2188

2,9250

2,3400

88,6

0,6022

1,7813

kol kukus

0,6197

0,6875

1 jam 30 mnt

0,6158

0,9313

0,8271

0,6617

88,7

0,6169

0,8625

kol kukus

0,6307

0,0000

1 jam 45 mnt

0,6508

-1,2563

-0,8083

-0,6467

91

0,6494

-1,1688

kol kukus

0,6655

-2,1750

2 jam

0,6587

-1,7500

-1,5667

-1,2533

92

0,6431

-0,7750

46

47

PENURUNAN VIT C PADA KOL SELAMA PENGUKUSAN

-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30

0 5 60 75 90 105 120

WAKTU (menit)

mg

asko

rb

at

Uji pendahuluan kandungan vitamin C kubis yang direbus

perlakuan abs ppm

Rata-rata

ppm

mg as.askorbat

per 100g sampel

0,0281

37,6625

kol segar

0,0265

37,7625 37,6500

30,1200

0,0303

37,5250

kol rebus

0,0435

36,7000

3 menit

0,0438

36,6813 36,7500

29,4000

0,0408

36,8688

kol rebus

0,2404

24,3938

3 menit

0,2572

23,3438 23,7521

19,0017

kukus 1 jam

0,2544

23,5188

kol rebus

0,6407

-0,6250

3 menit

0,6207

0,6250

-0,6167

-0,4933

kukus 1,5 jam 0,6603

-1,8500

LAMPIRAN 4. Hasil Pengukuran Warna tiap Zona

Hasil pengujian warna menggunakan

chromameter

pada zona B

perlakuan L

(

lightness

) a

b

Kubis segar

61,93 ± 5,59

fg

-3,14 ± 0,47

defghi

7,72 ± 0,75

cdef

Kubis rebus 3 menit

55,08 ± 22,01

bcdefg

-4,93 ± 1,99

ab

9,60 ± 4,02

efg

2 menit

50,11 ± 1,76

ab

-4,18 ± 1,01

bcd

6,70 ± 1,73

bcd

5 menit

46,11 ± 2,90

a

-5,67 ± 0,90

a

8,50 ± 1,62

defg

10 menit

49,24 ± 2,43

ab

-3,76 ± 0,21

cdef

4,34 ± 4,13

a

15 menit

48,66 ± 2,69

ab

-3,53 ± 0,62

cdefg

6,32 ± 2,18

abcd

20 menit

50,65 ± 1,32

abc

-3,33 ± 0,29

defgh

5,50 ± 0,68

abc

25 menit

53,84 ± 3,19

bcde

-2,26 ± 2,72

i

6,62 ± 1,35

bcd

30 menit

54,81 ± 4,08

bcdef

-3,99 ± 0,90

bcdef

8,97 ± 2,50

efg

35 menit

51,12 ± 2,68

abcd

-4,14 ± 0,77

bcde

10,41 ± 2,16

g

40 menit

45,62 ± 16,11

a

-4,41 ± 0,55

bc

10,50 ± 1,50

g

45 menit

62,34 ± 3,91

f

-3,81 ± 0,72

cdef

9,95 ± 2,25

fg

50 menit

51,21 ± 2,55

abcd

-2,51 ± 0,24

ghi

4,75 ± 1,37

ab

55 menit

54,31 ± 2,50

bcde

-3,18 ± 0,55

defghi

7,44 ± 1,08

cde

60 menit

60,97 ± 1,85

efg

-3,95 ± 0,71

bcdef

10,51 ± 1,90

g

65 menit

60,61 ± 2,19

efg

-3,10 ± 0,68

efghi

7,44 ± 1,31

cde

70 menit

59,56 ± 5,22

efg

-3,89 ± 0,83

cdef

9,66 ± 2,70

efg

75 menit

58,46 ± 2,51

defg

-2,94 ± 0,32

fghi

9,23 ± 2,14

efg

80 menit

58,73 ± 3,36

efg

-3,18 ± 0,49

defghi

9,64 ± 1,92

efg

Kubis kukus

90 menit

57,72 ± 1,38

cdefg

-2,38 ± 0,20

hi

5,49 ± 1,03

abc

48

49

Hasil pengujian warna menggunakan

chromameter

pada zona C

perlakuan L

(

lightness

) a

b

Kubis segar

Kubis rebus 3 menit

Kubis kukus 2 menit

5 menit

10 menit

15 menit

20 menit

25 menit

30 menit

35 menit

40 menit

45 menit

50 menit

55 menit

60 menit

65 menit

70 menit

75 menit

80 menit

90 menit

71,09 ± 3,29

e

73,75 ± 2,51

e

54,69 ± 3,19

a

52,84 ± 3,90

a

58,33 ± 3,87

b

62,92 ± 3,67

d

61,68 ± 3,51

cd

61,46 ± 3,27

cd

59,64 ± 2,98

bc

61,58 ± 2,09

cd

60,71 ± 3,63

bcd

61,83 ± 2,21

cd

61,11 ± 2,03

bcd

72,35 ± 2,07

e

81,27 ± 1,18

g

73,60 ± 1,72

e

73,77 ± 2,43

e

77,79 ± 1,31

f

77,05 ± 3,07

f

77,37 ± 3,10

f

-

12,98 ± 1,74

b

-15,75 ± 2,69

a

-10,72 ± 1,88

c

-10,50 ± 1,51

c

-7,19 ± 1,27

fgh

-9,77 ± 2,42

cd

-9,62 ± 1,86

cde

-6,99 ± 0,78

fghi

-8,04 ± 1,05

def

-7,69 ± 0,70

efg

-7,40 ± 1,03

fg

-6,80 ± 0,41

fghi

-6,16 ± 0,39

fghi

-6,23 ± 0,74

fghi

-5,63 ± 5,04

ghi

-4,86 ± 4,62

i

-7,56 ± 0,52

fg

-6,55 ± 0,61

fghi

-5,66 ± 0,57

ghi

-5,02 ± 0,57

hi

21,39 ± 2,15

f

24,62 ± 3,20

g

16,09 ± 2,61

abc

15,67 ± 1,96

ab

14,81 ± 2,29

a

18,37 ± 2,51

de

18,98 ± 1,62

e

15,97 ± 1,48

abc

18,85 ± 1,73

e

18,60 ± 1,51

de

17,74 ± 2,38

bcde

18,69 ± 1,00

e

16,49 ± 0,98

abcd

17,51 ± 1,60

bcde

21,07 ± 1,71

f

21,87 ± 1,54

f

22,99 ± 1,68

fg

21,65 ± 2,00

f

17,97 ± 1,97

cde

18,45 ± 2,61

de

50

Hasil pengujian warna menggunakan

chromameter

pada zona D

perlakuan L

(

lightness

) a

b

Kubis segar

Kubis rebus 3 menit

Kubis kukus 2 menit

5 menit

10 menit

15 menit

20 menit

25 menit

30 menit

35 menit

40 menit

45 menit

50 menit

55 menit

60 menit

65 menit

70 menit

75 menit

80 menit

90 menit

71,36 ± 1,85

hi

72,17 ± 3,14

hi

53,26 ± 4,46

abc

50,23 ± 2,82

a

50,58 ± 1,84

ab

51,49 ± 3,46

abc

53,79 ± 2,83

bcd

56,92 ± 4,24

def

57,26 ± 4,76

ef

58,95 ± 3,44

fg

58,43 ± 2,82

fg

60,94 ± 3,42

g

54,17 ± 3,32

cde

69,02 ± 5,19

h

71,96 ± 2,25

hi

73,19 ± 3,57

i

70,22 ± 2,15

hi

70,75 ± 2,27

hi

72,05 ± 2,87

hi

70,16 ± 1,99

hi

-9,34 ± 1,59

ab

-11,28 ± 9,62

a

-9,00 ± 1,19

ab

-8,42 ± 0,91

bc

-9,20 ± 3,20

ab

-5,80 ± 0,88

de

-6,18 ± 0,85

cde

-4,93 ± 0,63

de

-6,21 ± 0,76

cde

-5,61 ± 1,37

de

-5,70 ± 0,62

de

-5,29 ± 0,86

de

-4,60 ± 0,95

de

-5,33 ± 0,69

de

-6,45 ± 0,64

cd

-4,78 ± 1,25

de

-5,54 ± 0,57

de

-4,53 ± 0,68

de

-4,94 ± 0,33

de

-3,62 ± 0,44

de

18,30 ± 2,32

g

23,24 ± 1,72

h

14,41 ± 1,61

bcde

13,86 ± 1,99

bc

14,34 ± 2,07

bcde

12,87 ± 2,07

ab

13,60 ± 1,52

abc

11,62 ± 2,24

a

13,74 ± 1,96

abc

14,06 ± 2,81

bcd

14,75 ± 1,78

bcde

13,63 ± 2,26

abc

11,63 ± 1,84

a

15,69 ± 2,31

cdef

17,07 ± 1,90

fg

16,22 ± 2,58

def

15,69 ± 2,07

cdef

15,38 ± 1,94

cdef

16,50 ± 1,44

efg

13,43 ±1,68

abc

51

Perubahan Warna Total (

Δ

E) pada zona B, C, dan D selama Waktu Pengkusan

perubahan warna total (

Δ

E)

perlakuan

B C D

Kubis rebus 3 menit

1,22 ± 0,10

1,21 ± 0,05

1,22 ± 0,02

2 menit

1,24 ± 0,01

1,31 ± 0,02

1,34 ± 0,02

5 menit

1,29 ± 0,01

1,32 ± 0,02

1,36 ± 0,01

10 menit 1,26 ± 0,02

1,29 ± 0,02

1,36 ± 0,01

15 menit 1,26 ± 0,02

1,21 ± 0,02

1,36 ± 0,01

20 menit 1,23 ± 0,01

1,23 ± 0,02

1,34 ± 0,01

25 menit 1,17 ± 0,05

1,26 ± 0,01

1,32 ± 0,01

30 menit 1,13 ± 0,07

1,26 ± 0,03

1,31 ± 0,02

35 menit 1,23 ± 0,00

1,24 ± 0,01

1,30 ± 0,04

40 menit 1,28 ± 0,08

1,26 ± 0,04

1,30 ± 0,01

45 menit 1,16 ± 0,02

1,25 ± 0,01

1,28 ± 0,02

50 menit 1,23 ± 0,02

1,27 ± 0,02

1,34 ± 0,01

55 menit 1,15 ± 0,05

1,25 ± 0,01

1,19 ± 0,06

60 menit 1,13 ± 0,06

1,31 ± 0,01

1,11 ± 0,01

65 menit 1,09 ± 0,05

1,26 ± 0,04

1,17 ± 0,04

70 menit 1,09 ± 0,12

1,23 ± 0,02

1,17 ± 0,01

75 menit 1,05 ± 0,04

1,28 ± 0,01

1,18 ± 0,02

80 menit 1,06 ± 0,04

1,28 ± 0,02

1,16 ± 0,02

Kubis kukus

90 menit 1,11 ± 0,03

1,29 ±0,02

1,22 ± 0,02

52

LAMPIRAN 5. Analisa SPSS

VITAMIN C

Tests of Normality

WAKTU Kolmogorov-Smirnov(a) Shapiro-Wilk

Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.

VITAMIN C kol segar 0.174 24 0.058 0.920 24 0.059 kol rebus 3 menit 0.187 6 0.200(*) 0.956 6 0.790 kol kukus 2 menit _{0.156 18 0.200(*) 0.938 18 0.266} kol kukus 5 menit 0.220 6 0.200(*) 0.849 6 0.155 kol kukus 10 menit _{0.216 6 0.200(*) 0.917 6 0.486} kol kukus 15 menit 0.301 6 0.096 0.747 6 0.019 kol kukus 20 menit _{0.289 6 0.128 0.861 6 0.191} kol kukus 25 menit 0.242 6 0.200(*) 0.910 6 0.436 kol kukus 30 menit _{0.309 6 0.076 0.721 6 0.010} kol kukus 35 menit 0.288 6 0.131 0.802 6 0.062 kol kukus 40 menit _{0.214 6 0.200(*) 0.862 6 0.197} kol kukus 45 menit 0.199 6 0.200(*) 0.926 6 0.548 kol kukus 50 menit _{0.316 6 0.062 0.738 6 0.015} kol kukus 55 menit 0.318 6 0.057 0.705 6 0.007 kol kukus 60 menit _{0.316 6 0.061 0.713 6 0.008} kol kukus 65 menit 0.303 6 0.090 0.800 6 0.059 kol kukus 70 menit _{0.313 6 0.067 0.802 6 0.061} kol kukus 75 menit 0.190 6 0.200(*) 0.934 6 0.610 kol kukus 80 menit _{0.287 6 0.133 0.845 6 0.143} kol kukus 90 menit 0.281 6 0.150 0.915 6 0.468 * This is a lower bound of the true significance.

a Lilliefors Significance Correction

ANOVA

VITAMIN C

Sum of

Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 15608.051 19 821.476 940.154 0.000

Within Groups _{113.590 130 0.874}

Total 15721.641 149

Post Hoc Tests

Duncan VITAMIN C

WAKTU N Subset for alpha = .05

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

kukus 90 ‘ _{6 -11.533147}

kukus 80 ‘ 6 .734887

kukus 75 ‘ _{6 8.987583}

kukus 70 ‘ 6 14.782070

kukus 65 ‘ _{6 18.764121}

kukus 60 ‘ 6 20.881779

kukus 55 ‘ _{6 24.314946}

kukus 50 ‘ 6 24.965368

kukus 45 ‘ _{6 26.050680}

kukus 40 ‘ 6 26.474494 26.474494

kukus 35 ‘ _{6 26.939416 26.939416}

kukus 30 ‘ 6 27.479284 27.479284

kukus 25 ‘ _{6 28.219231 28.219231}

kukus 20 ‘ 6 28.520105 28.520105 28.520105

kukus 15 ‘ 6 28.606764 28.606764

kukus 10 ‘ _{6 29.555742 29.555742}

kukus 2 ‘ 18 29.874087

kukus 5 ‘ _{6 29.919626}

rebus 3 ‘ 6 30.086745

segar _{24 30.191402}

Sig. 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 .213 .109 .069 .060 .487 .061 .285

Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 6.457.

b The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed.

53

54

Descriptives

VITAMIN C

N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error

95% Confidence Interval for

Mean Minimum Maximum

Lower Bound Upper Bound

segar 24 30.191402 .1212575 .0247516 30.140200 30.242605 29.9759 30.5217 rebus 3 menit _{6 30.086745 .2121525 .0866109 29.864104 30.309385 29.7347 30.3443} kukus 2 menit 18 29.874087 .2196020 .0517607 29.764882 29.983292 29.4254 30.3097 kukus 5 menit _{6 29.919626 .2310273 .0943165 29.677177 30.162074 29.6351 30.1529} kukus 10 menit 6 29.555742 .0461447 .0188385 29.507316 29.604168 29.5092 29.6300 kukus 15 menit _{6 28.606764 .5471139 .2233583 28.032603 29.180925 28.0466 29.1369} kukus 20 menit 6 28.520105 .4919336 .2008310 28.003852 29.036357 28.0500 29.2252 kukus 25 menit _{6 28.219231 .3070085 .1253357 27.897045 28.541417 27.8873 28.6400} kukus 30 menit 6 27.479284 .9416742 .3844369 26.491058 28.467511 26.5927 28.4042 kukus 35 menit _{6 26.939416 .2808469 .1146553 26.644686 27.234147 26.6550 27.2455} kukus 40 menit 6 26.474494 .3851359 .1572311 26.070319 26.878670 25.9909 26.8700 kukus 45 menit _{6 26.050680 .8617930 .3518255 25.146284 26.955076 25.1241 27.2898} kukus 50 menit 6 24.965368 .8838703 .3608385 24.037803 25.892932 24.1550 25.9107 kukus 55 menit _{6 24.314946 1.4249770 .5817444 22.819525 25.810368 22.9454 25.6200} kukus 60 menit 6 20.881779 2.7928242 1.1401657 17.950890 23.812668 18.2917 23.6210 kukus 65 menit _{6 18.764121 2.1561140 .8802298 16.501418 21.026824 16.7800 21.3815} kukus 70 menit 6 14.782070 1.2105685 .4942125 13.511656 16.052484 13.8350 16.7527 kukus 75 menit 6 8.987583 1.6013516 .6537491 7.307067 10.668098 6.8593 10.9730 kukus 80 menit _{6 .734887 .7468198 .3048879 -.048852 1.518626 -.3200 1.3898} kukus 90 menit 6 -11.533147 .2135615 .0871861 -11.757266 -11.309028 -11.8650 -11.2007 Total _{150 23.765503 10.2720187 .8387068 22.108207 25.422798 -11.8650 30.5217}

55

KADAR AIR

Tests of Normality

WAKTU Kolmogorov-Smirnov(a) Shapiro-Wilk Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig. KADAR AIR segar .175 3 .160 1.000 3 1.000

kukus 2 ‘ _{.219 3 .280 .987 3 .780}

kukus 5 ‘ .253 3 .367 .964 3 .637

kukus 10 ‘ _{.253 3 .736 .964 3 .637}

kukus 15 ‘ .349 3 .149 .832 3 .194

kukus 20 ‘ _{.385 3 .086 .750 3 .000}

kukus 25 ‘ .292 3 .634 .923 3 .463

kukus 30 ‘ _{.253 3 .367 .964 3 .637}

kukus 35 ‘ .175 3 .589 1.000 3 1.000

kukus 40 ‘ _{.385 3 .765 .750 3 .000}

kukus 45 ‘ .292 3 .235 .923 3 .463

kukus 50 ‘ _{.253 3 .478 .964 3 .637}

kukus 55 ‘ .385 3 .576 .750 3 .000

kukus 60 ‘ _{.253 3 .635 .964 3 .637}

kukus 65 ‘ .385 3 .784 .750 3 .000

kukus 70 ‘ _{.385 3 .575 .750 3 .000}

kukus 75 ‘ .385 3 .856 .750 3 .000

kukus 80 ‘ .385 3 .367 .750 3 .000

kukus 90 ‘ _{.175 3 .657 1.000 3 1.000}

rebus 3 ‘ .228 3 .547 .982 3 .743

a Lilliefors Significance Correction

ANOVA

KADAR AIR

Sum of

Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Between Groups 3.402 19 .179 .748 .748

Within Groups _{9.570 40 .239}

Total 12.972 59

56

Post Hoc Tests

Duncan KADAR AIR

Subset for alpha = .05

WAKTU N 1 2

kukus 30 menit _{3 94.0667}

kukus 50 menit 3 94.1333 94.1333 kukus 15 menit _{3 94.2667 94.2667} kukus 80 menit 3 94.2667 94.2667 kukus 25 menit _{3 94.3333 94.3333} kukus 40 menit 3 94.3333 94.3333 kukus 45 menit _{3 94.3333 94.3333} kukus 75 menit 3 94.3333 94.3333

segar _{3 94.4000 94.4000}

kukus 2 menit 3 94.4667 94.4667 kukus 60 menit _{3 94.5333 94.5333} kukus 20 menit 3 94.5333 94.5333 kukus 55 menit _{3 94.5333 94.5333} kukus 35 menit 3 94.6000 94.6000 kukus 5 menit 3 94.6667 94.6667 kukus 10 menit _{3 94.6667 94.6667} kukus 70 menit 3 94.6667 94.6667 kukus 65 menit _{3 94.8000 94.8000} kukus 90 menit 3 94.8000 94.8000

rebus 3 menit _{3 95.0533}

Sig. .137 .065

Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 3.000.

57

Descriptives

KADAR AIR

N Mean Std. Dev Std. Err 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Min Max

Lower Bound Upper Bound

segar 3 94.4000 .40000 .23094 93.4063 95.3937 94.00 94.80 kukus 2 menit _{3 94.4667 .50332 .29059 93.2163 95.7170 94.00 95.00} kukus 5 menit 3 94.6667 .30551 .17638 93.9078 95.4256 94.40 95.00 kukus 10 menit 3 94.6667 1.22202 .70553 91.6310 97.7023 93.60 96.00 kukus 15 menit _{3 94.2667 .98658 .56960 91.8159 96.7175 93.60 95.40} kukus 20 menit 3 94.5333 .11547 .06667 94.2465 94.8202 94.40 94.60 kukus 25 menit _{3 94.3333 .41633 .24037 93.2991 95.3676 94.00 94.80} kukus 30 menit 3 94.0667 .61101 .35277 92.5488 95.5845 93.40 94.60 kukus 35 menit _{3 94.6000 .40000 .23094 93.6063 95.5937 94.20 95.00} kukus 40 menit 3 94.3333 .11547 .06667 94.0465 94.6202 94.20 94.40 kukus 45 menit _{3 94.3333 .41633 .24037 93.2991 95.3676 94.00 94.80} kukus 50 menit 3 94.1333 .30551 .17638 93.3744 94.8922 93.80 94.40 kukus 55 menit _{3 94.5333 .11547 .06667 94.2465 94.8202 94.40 94.60} kukus 60 menit 3 94.5333 .30551 .17638 93.7744 95.2922 94.20 94.80 kukus 65 menit _{3 94.8000 .34641 .20000 93.9395 95.6605 94.40 95.00} kukus 70 menit 3 94.6667 .23094 .13333 94.0930 95.2404 94.40 94.80 kukus 75 menit _{3 94.3333 .46188 .26667 93.1860 95.4807 93.80 94.60} kukus 80 menit 3 94.2667 .23094 .13333 93.6930 94.8404 94.00 94.40 kukus 90 menit _{3 94.8000 .20000 .11547 94.3032 95.2968 94.60 95.00} rebus 3 menit 3 95.0533 .47427 .27382 93.8752 96.2315 94.62 95.56 Total _{60 94.4893 .46889 .06053 94.3682 94.6105 93.40 96.00}

58

HARDNESS

Tests of Normality

WAKTU Kolmogorov-Smirnov(a) Shapiro-Wilk Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.

HARDNESS segar .295 6 .111 .770 6 .031

rebus 3 ‘ _{.279 6 .159 .903 6 .394}

kukus 2 ‘ .214 6 .200(*) .957 6 .798

kukus 5 ‘ .295 6 .113 .815 6 .080

kukus 10 ‘ _{.213 6 .200(*) .920 6 .506}

kukus 15 ‘ .280 6 .154 .834 6 .117

kukus 20 ‘ _{.190 6 .200(*) .904 6 .401} kukus 25 ‘ .251 6 .200(*) .899 6 .366

kukus 30’ _{.267 6 .200(*) .861 6 .193}

kukus 35 ‘ .228 6 .200(*) .932 6 .594 kukus 40 ‘ _{.259 6 .200(*) .871 6 .229} kukus 45 ‘ .241 6 .200(*) .912 6 .450 kukus 50 ‘ _{.188 6 .200(*) .958 6 .807} kukus 55 ‘ .238 6 .200(*) .942 6 .672 kukus 60 ‘ _{.224 6 .200(*) .913 6 .457} kukus 65 ‘ .227 6 .200(*) .894 6 .338 kukus 70 ‘ _{.260 6 .200(*) .897 6 .357} kukus 75 ‘ .247 6 .200(*) .837 6 .123 kukus 80 ‘ _{.217 6 .200(*) .923 6 .528} kukus 90 ‘ .197 6 .200(*) .972 6 .909 * This is a lower bound of the true significance.

a Lilliefors Significance Correction

ANOVA

HARDNESS

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Between Groups 36043884.359 19 1897046.545 226.171 .000

Within Groups _{838766.195 100 8387.662}

Total 36882650.554 119

Post Hoc Tests

Duncan HARDNESS

WAKTU N Subset for alpha = .05

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

kukus 90‘ 6 5131.2374

kukus 80‘ 6 5332.6718

kukus 75‘ _{6 5397.4976}

kukus 70‘ 6 5440.0899 5440.0899

kukus 65‘ _{6 5525.1101 5525.1101}

kukus 60‘ 6 5561.8610

kukus 55‘ _{6 5610.0345 5610.0345}

kukus 50‘ 6 5678.1650 5678.1650

kukus 45‘ _{6 5754.5050 5754.5050}

kukus 40‘ 6 5823.0007

kukus 35‘ _{6 5932.5997}

kukus 30’ 6 6087.5686

kukus 25‘ _{6 6274.7778}

kukus 20‘ 6 6365.3557 6365.3557

kukus 15‘ _{6 6462.3613}

kukus 10‘ 6 6644.6504

segar _{6 6681.5561}

kukus 5‘ 6 6739.2037 6739.2037

kukus 2‘ _{6 6827.8871 6827.8871}

rebus 3‘ 6 6905.9014

Sig. 1.000 .057 .111 .133 .201 .152 .198 1.000 1.000 .090 .070 .094 .097 .143

Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 6.000

59

60

Descriptives

HARDNESS

N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Minimum Maximum

Lower Bound Upper Bound

segar 6 6681.5561 333.80897 136.27694 6331.2450 7031.8671 6308.49 6998.36 rebus 3 menit _{6 6905.9014 13.13554 5.36256 6892.1164 6919.6863 6891.25 6924.89} kukus 2 menit 6 6827.8871 52.03450 21.24300 6773.2802 6882.4940 6755.02 6896.79 kukus 5 menit 6 6739.2037 91.90187 37.51878 6642.7586 6835.6488 6621.75 6821.04 kukus 10 menit _{6 6644.6504 72.95974 29.78569 6568.0839 6721.2170 6547.79 6730.73} kukus 15 menit 6 6462.3613 61.84237 25.24704 6397.4617 6527.2609 6398.36 6544.51 kukus 20 menit _{6 6365.3557 26.02761 10.62573 6338.0414 6392.6700 6335.18 6397.50} kukus 25 menit 6 6274.7778 67.56252 27.58228 6203.8753 6345.6804 6186.46 6356.12 kukus 30menit _{6 6087.5686 77.86919 31.78996 6005.8499 6169.2873 6006.72 6186.46} kukus 35 menit 6 5932.5997 42.56752 17.37812 5887.9278 5977.2716 5878.38 5988.24 kukus 40 menit _{6 5823.0007 49.94664 20.39063 5770.5849 5875.4165 5758.18 5876.99} kukus 45 menit 6 5754.5050 63.81792 26.05356 5687.5322 5821.4778 5657.56 5821.75 kukus 50 menit _{6 5678.1650 72.60488 29.64082 5601.9709 5754.3592 5593.64 5788.19} kukus 55 menit 6 5610.0345 55.12418 22.50435 5552.1852 5667.8838 5544.28 5692.50 kukus 60 menit _{6 5561.8610 29.59930 12.08386 5530.7984 5592.9236 5525.66 5597.50} kukus 65 menit 6 5525.1101 62.21436 25.39891 5459.8201 5590.4001 5440.07 5588.18 kukus 70 menit _{6 5440.0899 26.39247 10.77468 5412.3928 5467.7871 5414.79 5483.85} kukus 75 menit 6 5397.4976 9.41118 3.84210 5387.6212 5407.3740 5387.64 5409.05 kukus 80 menit _{6 5332.6718 31.22252 12.74654 5299.9058 5365.4378 5295.36 5371.96} kukus 90 menit 6 5131.2374 36.73042 14.99513 5092.6911 5169.7836 5073.32 5182.99 Total 120 6008.8017 556.72097 50.82144 5908.1702 6109.4333 5073.32 6998.36

.

61

CHEWINESS

Tests of Normality

WAKTU Kolmogorov-Smirnov(a) Shapiro-Wilk Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig. CHEWINESS segar .365 6 .062 .764 6 .027

rebus 3 ‘ _{.287 6 .134 .783 6 .041}

kukus 2 ‘ .248 6 .200(*) .869 6 .224

kukus 5 ‘ .440 6 .051 .668 6 .003

kukus 10 ‘ _{.268 6 .200(*) .889 6 .315} kukus 15 ‘ .238 6 .200(*) .890 6 .319 kukus 20 ‘ _{.190 6 .200(*) .914 6 .466}

kukus 25 ‘ .294 6 .116 .822 6 .092

kukus 30’ _{.270 6 .196 .864 6 .203}

kukus 35 ‘ .195 6 .200(*) .912 6 .449

kukus 40 ‘ _{.280 6 .154 .805 6 .065}

kukus 45 ‘ .214 6 .200(*) .927 6 .556 kukus 50 ‘ _{.259 6 .200(*) .906 6 .408} kukus 55 ‘ .230 6 .200(*) .889 6 .314 kukus 60 ‘ _{.244 6 .200(*) .809 6 .071} kukus 65 ‘ .202 6 .200(*) .920 6 .508

kukus 70 ‘ _{.305 6 .084 .826 6 .100}

kukus 75 ‘ .158 6 .200(*) .952 6 .759

kukus 80 ‘ _{.283 6 .145 .849 6 .153}

kukus 90 ‘ .209 6 .200(*) .908 6 .426 * This is a lower bound of the true significance.

a Lilliefors Significance Correction

ANOVA

CHEWINESS

Sum of

Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Between Groups .008 19 .000 153.199 .000

Within Groups .000 100 .000

Total _{.008 119}

Post Hoc Tests

CHEWINESS

Duncan

Subset for alpha = .05

1 2 3 4 5 6

WAKTU N 7 8

segar _{6 .00048866}

rebus 3 menit 6 .00089311 .00089311 kukus 2 menit _{6 .00097500 .00097500} kukus 5 menit 6 .00115944 .00115944 kukus 10 menit _{6 .00140340 .00140340} kukus 15 menit 6 .00174010 .00174010 kukus 20 menit 6 .00193765 .00193765

kukus 25 menit _{6 .00217778 .00217778 .00217778} kukus 30menit 6 .00253935 .00253935 .00253935 kukus 35 menit _{6 .00300275 .00300275 .00300275}

kukus 40 menit 6 .00367103 .00367103 .00367103 .00367103 kukus 45 menit _{6 .00432035 .00432035 .00432035 .00432035} kukus 50 menit 6 .00506666 .00506666 .00506666 .00506666 kukus 55 menit _{6 .00601088 .00601088 .00601088}

kukus 60 menit 6 .00696130 .00696130 .00696130

kukus 65 menit _{6 .00834802 .00834802}

kukus 70 menit 6 .01101782

kukus 75 menit _{6 .01693738}

kukus 80 menit 6 .02419008

kukus 90 menit _{6 .03103053}

Sig. .083 .051 .059 .059 .077 1.000 1.000 1.000

Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 6.000.

62

63

Descriptives

CHEWINES

N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Minimum Maximum

Lower Bound Upper Bound

segar 6 .00048866 .000303651 .000123965 .00017000 .00080732 .000057 .000738 rebus 3 menit _{6 .00089311 .000164547 .000067176 .00072042 .00106579 .000734 .001069} kukus 2 menit 6 .00097500 .000162627 .000066392 .00080433 .00114567 .000770 .001149 kukus 5 menit 6 .00115944 .000045521 .000018584 .00111167 .00120721 .001069 .001197 kukus 10 menit _{6 .00140340 .000101774 .000041549 .00129659 .00151020 .001279 .001555} kukus 15 menit 6 .00174010 .000178026 .000072679 .00155328 .00192693 .001564 .002038 kukus 20 menit _{6 .00193765 .000216018 .000088189 .00171095 .00216435 .001708 .002250} kukus 25 menit 6 .00217778 .000149591 .000061070 .00202079 .00233477 .002038 .002366 kukus 30menit _{6 .00253935 .000375619 .000153346 .00214516 .00293354 .002127 .002984} kukus 35 menit 6 .00300275 .000658791 .000268950 .00231139 .00369411 .002304 .003965 kukus 40 menit _{6 .00367103 .000649219 .000265042 .00298971 .00435234 .002936 .004284} kukus 45 menit 6 .00432035 .000308417 .000125911 .00399669 .00464402 .003965 .004849 kukus 50 menit _{6 .00506666 .000548595 .000223963 .00449095 .00564238 .004284 .005991} kukus 55 menit 6 .00601088 .001036240 .000423043 .00492341 .00709834 .005050 .007789 kukus 60 menit _{6 .00696130 .001492183 .000609181 .00539535 .00852725 .005376 .008479} kukus 65 menit 6 .00834802 .000882812 .000360407 .00742156 .00927447 .007175 .009371 kukus 70 menit _{6 .01101782 .002949771 .001204239 .00792222 .01411341 .008479 .015081} kukus 75 menit 6 .01693738 .003875929 .001582341 .01286984 .02100492 .010745 .021412 kukus 80 menit _{6 .02419008 .002360691 .000963748 .02171269 .02666748 .021412 .026710} kukus 90 menit 6 .03103053 .004330864 .001768068 .02648557 .03557550 .023588 .035599 Total 120 .00711023 .010062523 .000918578 .00529135 .00892911 .000057 .064977

64

WARNA

Antar Zona

Tests of Normality

Kolmogorov-Smirnov(a) Shapiro-Wilk

ZONA Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.

a .198 20 .083 .871 20 .072

b _{.136 20 .200(*) .946 20 .305}

c .222 20 .061 .913 20 .073

L*

d _{.231 20 .060 .860 20 .080}

a .268 20 .051 .783 20 .065

b _{.101 20 .200(*) .967 20 .680}

c .202 20 .082 .877 20 .095

a*

d _{.302 20 .050 .805 20 .081}

a .175 20 .110 .961 20 .561

b _{.143 20 .200(*) .927 20 .135}

c .186 20 .068 .953 20 .414

b*

d _{.191 20 .053 .866 20 .084}

* This is a lower bound of the true significance. a Lilliefors Significance Correction

ANOVA

Sum of

Squares df Mean Square F Sig. L* Between Groups 1771.967 3 590.656 8.420 .000

Within Groups 5331.145 76 70.147

Total 7103.112 79

a* Between Groups _{210.636 3 70.212 13.790 .000}

Within Groups 386.945 76 5.091

Total _{597.581 79}

b* Between Groups 1280.498 3 426.833 63.974 .000

Within Groups _{507.067 76 6.672}

Total 1787.565 79

65

Post Hoc Tests

L*

Duncan

Subset for alpha = .05

ZONA N 1 2

b 20 54.5532

d _{20 62.4588}

a 20 65.2721

c _{20 66.7423}

Sig. 1.000 .131

Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 20.000.

a*

Duncan

Subset for alpha = .05

ZONA N 1 2 3

c 20 -8.0562

a 20 -6.7721 -6.7721

d _{20 -6.4664}

b 20 -3.6133

Sig. _{.076 .670 1.000}

Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 20.000.

b

*

Duncan

Subset for alpha = .05

ZONA N 1 2 3

b _{20 7.9648}

d 20 15.0072

a _{20 15.8495}

c 20 18.8884

Sig. _{1.000 .306 1.000}

Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 20.000.

Descriptives

N Mean Std. Dev Std. Err 95% Conf. Interval for Mean Min Max

Lower Bound Upper Bound

L* (A) segar 9 69.1400 3.30843 1.10281 66.5969 71.6831 66.38 75.45 rebus 3 menit _{9 75.2011 1.37273 .45758 74.1459 76.2563 73.35 77.90} kukus 2 menit 9 53.6244 2.80378 .93459 51.4693 55.7796 49.35 58.02 kukus 5 menit _{9 51.7167 1.82943 .60981 50.3104 53.1229 48.57 54.32} kukus 10 menit 9 51.9333 8.55590 2.85197 45.3567 58.5100 31.08 60.12 kukus 15 menit 9 57.1678 4.02954 1.34318 54.0704 60.2652 49.99 61.72 kukus 20 menit _{9 54.6889 3.57165 1.19055 51.9435 57.4343 50.78 59.24} kukus 25 menit 9 58.7711 1.78349 .59450 57.4002 60.1420 56.38 62.24 kukus 30 menit _{9 58.6211 2.77132 .92377 56.4909 60.7513 54.57 62.27} kukus 35 menit 9 58.7556 2.68709 .89570 56.6901 60.8210 55.42 63.59 kukus 40 menit _{9 56.1944 2.12845 .70948 54.5584 57.8305 53.26 60.16} kukus 45 menit 9 61.3389 4.38486 1.46162 57.9684 64.7094 54.83 70.48 kukus 50 menit _{9 61.3878 1.59643 .53214 60.1607 62.6149 58.74 64.39} kukus 55 menit 9 74.9900 1.29968 .43323 73.9910 75.9890 72.44 76.27 kukus 60 menit _{9 79.0967 3.87439 1.29146 76.1185 82.0748 71.27 84.37} kukus 65 menit 9 73.7989 2.39028 .79676 71.9616 75.6362 69.82 77.96 kukus 70 menit _{9 74.2678 1.74384 .58128 72.9273 75.6082 71.47 76.57} kukus 75 menit 9 77.3900 1.76104 .58701 76.0363 78.7437 74.85 79.86 kukus 80 menit _{9 77.9022 1.85227 .61742 76.4784 79.3260 73.70 79.78} kukus 90 menit 9 79.4556 1.32409 .44136 78.4378 80.4733 77.23 81.20

Total _{180 65.2721 10.41857 .77655 63.7397 66.8045 31.08 84.37}

L* (B) segar 9 61.9278 5.59144 1.86381 57.6298 66.2257 51.77 67.00 rebus 3 menit _{9 55.0778 22.01249 7.33750 38.1575 71.9981 -2.97 66.46} kukus 2 menit 9 50.1067 1.76324 .58775 48.7513 51.4620 47.67 53.00 kukus 5 menit 9 46.1100 2.90512 .96837 43.8769 48.3431 41.70 50.41 kukus 10 menit 9 49.2378 2.42935 .80978 47.3704 51.1051 45.86 53.93 kukus 15 menit 9 48.6556 2.68784 .89595 46.5895 50.7216 44.27 51.58 kukus 20 menit _{9 50.6478 1.31960 .43987 49.6334 51.6621 47.69 52.04}

66

67

kukus 25 menit 9 53.8411 3.18954 1.06318 51.3894 56.2928 49.09 58.91 kukus 30 menit _{9 54.8144 4.07722 1.35907 51.6804 57.9485 46.90 59.95} kukus 35 menit 9 51.1211 2.67850 .89283 49.0622 53.1800 47.45 55.85 kukus 40 menit _{9 45.6156 16.10839 5.36946 33.2336 57.9976 4.09 56.97} kukus 45 menit 9 62.3411 3.90685 1.30228 59.3380 65.3442 54.92 66.84 kukus 50 menit _{9 51.2144 2.54775 .84925 49.2561 53.1728 46.06 55.56} kukus 55 menit 9 54.3078 2.50457 .83486 52.3826 56.2330 51.24 59.61 kukus 60 menit _{9 60.9711 1.84649 .61550 59.5518 62.3904 59.26 65.13} kukus 65 menit 9 60.6133 2.19150 .73050 58.9288 62.2979 57.42 64.09 kukus 70 menit _{9 59.5600 5.22453 1.74151 55.5441 63.5759 51.80 67.67} kukus 75 menit 9 58.4567 2.50659 .83553 56.5299 60.3834 54.92 61.78 kukus 80 menit _{9 58.7267 3.35623 1.11874 56.1468 61.3065 54.45 64.21} kukus 90 menit 9 57.7167 1.38158 .46053 56.6547 58.7786 55.67 59.22

Total _{180 54.5532 8.23981 .61416 53.3412 55.7651 -2.97 67.67}

L* (C) segar 9 71.0911 3.28515 1.09505 68.5659 73.6163 66.22 75.90 rebus 3 menit 9 73.7456 2.51049 .83683 71.8158 75.6753 69.23 76.74 kukus 2 menit 9 54.6944 3.18719 1.06240 52.2446 57.1443 49.77 58.58 kukus 5 menit 9 52.8389 3.89794 1.29931 49.8427 55.8351 49.20 59.44 kukus 10 menit _{9 58.3278 3.87406 1.29135 55.3499 61.3056 54.70 66.63} kukus 15 menit 9 62.9244 3.66516 1.22172 60.1072 65.7417 54.56 65.94 kukus 20 menit _{9 61.6767 3.50676 1.16892 58.9811 64.3722 56.94 66.31} kukus 25 menit 9 61.4633 3.27047 1.09016 58.9494 63.9772 55.02 65.42 kukus 30 menit _{9 59.6444 2.98177 .99392 57.3524 61.9364 56.00 64.07} kukus 35 menit 9 61.5767 2.08918 .69639 59.9708 63.1826 57.56 63.59 kukus 40 menit _{9 60.7133 3.63278 1.21093 57.9209 63.5057 54.03 64.52} kukus 45 menit 9 61.8311 2.20662 .73554 60.1350 63.5273 59.15 66.57 kukus 50 menit _{9 61.1167 2.03186 .67729 59.5548 62.6785 58.17 64.28} kukus 55 menit 9 72.3489 2.06956 .68985 70.7581 73.9397 69.76 76.38 kukus 60 menit _{9 81.2711 1.18449 .39483 80.3606 82.1816 79.19 82.90} kukus 65 menit 9 73.5989 1.72299 .57433 72.2745 74.9233 70.88 76.66 kukus 70 menit _{9 73.7722 2.43366 .81122 71.9015 75.6429 69.49 76.23} kukus 75 menit 9 77.7933 1.31060 .43687 76.7859 78.8008 76.42 80.25

68

kukus 80 menit 9 77.0511 3.07197 1.02399 74.6898 79.4124 73.07 80.95 kukus 90 menit _{9 77.3656 3.10148 1.03383 74.9815 79.7496 72.10 81.32}

Total 180 66.7423 8.80255 .65610 65.4476 68.0370 49.20 82.90

L* (D) segar _{9 71.3611 1.85289 .61763 69.9369 72.7854 67.31 73.70} rebus 3 menit 9 72.1733 3.13908 1.04636 69.7604 74.5862 68.24 77.23 kukus 2 menit _{9 53.2622 4.45710 1.48570 49.8362 56.6883 46.72 59.46} kukus 5 menit 9 50.2333 2.82311 .94104 48.0633 52.4034 45.57 53.61 kukus 10 menit _{9 50.5800 1.84485 .61495 49.1619 51.9981 48.41 54.16} kukus 15 menit 9 51.4933 3.45677 1.15226 48.8362 54.1504 47.81 59.78 kukus 20 menit _{9 53.7900 2.82848 .94283 51.6158 55.9642 49.89 58.07} kukus 25 menit 9 56.9178 4.24083 1.41361 53.6580 60.1776 52.53 63.08 kukus 30 menit _{9 57.2644 4.75545 1.58515 53.6091 60.9198 47.43 65.58} kukus 35 menit 9 58.9544 3.43548 1.14516 56.3137 61.5952 54.42 64.08 kukus 40 menit _{9 58.4344 2.82875 .94292 56.2601 60.6088 54.06 62.26} kukus 45 menit 9 60.9356 3.41917 1.13972 58.3073 63.5638 55.01 64.75 kukus 50 menit 9 54.1678 3.31654 1.10551 51.6185 56.7171 48.46 60.28 kukus 55 menit 9 69.0200 5.19416 1.73139 65.0274 73.0126 62.52 76.51 kukus 60 menit 9 71.9578 2.24799 .74933 70.2298 73.6857 68.84 75.81 kukus 65 menit _{9 73.1856 3.57029 1.19010 70.4412 75.9299 67.29 79.19} kukus 70 menit 9 70.2167 2.15040 .71680 68.5637 71.8696 67.37 74.26 kukus 75 menit _{9 70.7500 2.26856 .75619 69.0062 72.4938 66.62 73.38} kukus 80 menit 9 72.0533 2.86827 .95609 69.8486 74.2581 68.15 75.99 kukus 90 menit _{9 70.1633 1.99202 .66401 68.6321 71.6945 65.38 71.91}

Total 180 62.3457 9.02597 .67276 61.0182 63.6733 45.57 79.19

a* (A) segar _{9 -11.4500 3.07722 1.02574 -13.8154 -9.0846 -14.51 -4.62} rebus 3 menit 9 -13.6400 1.98516 .66172 -15.1659 -12.1141 -15.68 -10.81 kukus 2 menit _{9 -9.9522 1.61521 .53840 -11.1938 -8.7107 -11.82 -7.00} kukus 5 menit 9 -8.7844 1.38552 .46184 -9.8495 -7.7194 -10.71 -6.53 kukus 10 menit _{9 -5.9200 2.21923 .73974 -7.6259 -4.2141 -10.46 -2.30} kukus 15 menit 9 -5.7567 1.73442 .57814 -7.0899 -4.4235 -8.43 -4.07 kukus 20 menit _{9 -6.0967 1.57842 .52614 -7.3100 -4.8834 -9.88 -4.54} kukus 25 menit 9 -5.2322 1.05554 .35185 -6.0436 -4.4209 -6.33 -3.75

69

kukus 30 menit 9 -6.4711 .81213 .27071 -7.0954 -5.8468 -7.50 -5.40 kukus 35 menit _{9 -6.9656 .96711 .32237 -7.7089 -6.2222 -8.66 -5.80} kukus 40 menit 9 -6.4211 1.04257 .34752 -7.2225 -5.6197 -7.78 -4.52 kukus 45 menit _{9 -5.7667 .58713 .19571 -6.2180 -5.3154 -6.58 -4.66} kukus 50 menit 9 -5.5089 .39104 .13035 -5.8095 -5.2083 -5.98 -5.00 kukus 55 menit _{9 -5.4733 .97682 .32561 -6.2242 -4.7225 -6.51 -4.11} kukus 60 menit 9 -5.3422 2.35357 .78452 -7.1513 -3.5331 -7.58 .37 kukus 65 menit _{9 -4.2244 3.99175 1.33058 -7.2928 -1.1561 -6.42 6.18} kukus 70 menit 9 -5.9167 2.51007 .83669 -7.8461 -3.9873 -8.09 .19 kukus 75 menit _{9 -6.7311 .82637 .27546 -7.3663 -6.0959 -7.62 -5.12} kukus 80 menit 9 -5.4511 .73784 .24595 -6.0183 -4.8840 -6.76 -4.17 kukus 90 menit _{9 -4.3367 1.06227 .35409 -5.1532 -3.5201 -5.79 -2.76}

Total 180 -6.7721 2.88854 .21530 -7.1969 -6.3472 -15.68 6.18

a* (B) segar _{9 -3.1433 .47016 .15672 -3.5047 -2.7819 -4.01 -2.58} rebus 3 menit 9 -4.9300 1.98918 .66306 -6.4590 -3.4010 -8.72 -2.97 kukus 2 menit 9 -4.1800 1.01157 .33719 -4.9576 -3.4024 -6.13 -3.08 kukus 5 menit 9 -5.6656 .89647 .29882 -6.3546 -4.9765 -7.67 -4.49 kukus 10 menit 9 -3.7578 .20729 .06910 -3.9171 -3.5984 -3.90 -3.23 kukus 15 menit _{9 -3.5278 .62347 .20782 -4.0070 -3.0485 -4.40 -2.66} kukus 20 menit 9 -3.3278 .29038 .09679 -3.5510 -3.1046 -3.57 -2.65 kukus 25 menit _{9 -2.2578 2.71587 .90529 -4.3454 -.1702 -3.85 4.92} kukus 30 menit 9 -3.9922 .90079 .30026 -4.6846 -3.2998 -5.51 -3.03 kukus 35 menit _{9 -4.1411 .77456 .25819 -4.7365 -3.5457 -5.40 -3.10} kukus 40 menit 9 -4.4111 .54996 .18332 -4.8339 -3.9884 -5.56 -3.60 kukus 45 menit _{9 -3.8133 .71798 .23933 -4.3652 -3.2614 -4.82 -2.69} kukus 50 menit 9 -2.5133 .24490 .08163 -2.7016 -2.3251 -3.03 -2.16 kukus 55 menit _{9 -3.1767 .54784 .18261 -3.5978 -2.7556 -4.09 -2.43} kukus 60 menit 9 -3.9467 .70972 .23657 -4.4922 -3.4011 -5.34 -3.10 kukus 65 menit _{9 -3.0967 .68445 .22815 -3.6228 -2.5706 -4.74 -2.39} kukus 70 menit 9 -3.8878 .83045 .27682 -4.5261 -3.2494 -5.03 -3.02 kukus 75 menit _{9 -2.9411 .31692 .10564 -3.1847 -2.6975 -3.64 -2.64} kukus 80 menit 9 -3.1756 .49008 .16336 -3.5523 -2.7988 -4.06 -2.54

70

kukus 90 menit 9 -2.3800 .20488 .06829 -2.5375 -2.2225 -2.66 -2.06

Total _{180 -3.6133 1.22864 .09158 -3.7940 -3.4326 -8.72 4.92}

a* (C) segar 9 -12.9844 1.74052 .58017 -14.3223 -11.6466 -14.88 -9.85 rebus 3 menit _{9 -15.7489 2.68527 .89509 -17.8130 -13.6848 -18.73 -11.62} kukus 2 menit 9 -10.7189 1.88187 .62729 -12.1654 -9.2724 -13.40 -7.80 kukus 5 menit _{9 -10.5000 1.51352 .50451 -11.6634 -9.3366 -12.69 -8.06} kukus 10 menit 9 -7.1911 1.26976 .42325 -8.1671 -6.2151 -9.40 -5.66 kukus 15 menit _{9 -9.7700 2.42050 .80683 -11.6306 -7.9094 -12.59 -6.05} kukus 20 menit 9 -9.6189 1.86469 .62156 -11.0522 -8.1856 -12.75 -7.50 kukus 25 menit _{9 -6.9867 .77650 .25883 -7.5835 -6.3898 -8.35 -5.62} kukus 30 menit 9 -8.0433 1.04627 .34876 -8.8476 -7.2391 -9.26 -5.87 kukus 35 menit _{9 -7.6922 .69799 .23266 -8.2287 -7.1557 -9.05 -7.02} kukus 40 menit 9 -7.4044 1.02783 .34261 -8.1945 -6.6144 -8.39 -5.50 kukus 45 menit _{9 -6.7989 .40818 .13606 -7.1126 -6.4851 -7.61 -6.25} kukus 50 menit 9 -6.1600 .38756 .12919 -6.4579 -5.8621 -6.78 -5.43 kukus 55 menit 9 -6.2344 .73604 .24535 -6.8002 -5.6687 -7.76 -5.54 kukus 60 menit 9 -5.6289 5.04382 1.68127 -9.5059 -1.7519 -8.03 7.71 kukus 65 menit 9 -4.8622 4.62446 1.54149 -8.4169 -1.3075 -8.49 7.21 kukus 70 menit _{9 -7.5567 .51887 .17296 -7.9555 -7.1578 -8.16 -6.82} kukus 75 menit 9 -6.5500 .61098 .20366 -7.0196 -6.0804 -7.35 -5.61 kukus 80 menit _{9 -5.6567 .57169 .19056 -6.0961 -5.2172 -6.37 -4.59} kukus 90 menit 9 -5.0167 .57348 .19116 -5.4575 -4.5759 -5.54 -3.64

Total _{180 -8.0562 3.30235 .24614 -8.5419 -7.5705 -18.73 7.71}

a* (D) segar 9 -9.3433 1.59002 .53001 -10.5655 -8.1211 -11.95 -6.41 rebus 3 menit _{9 -11.2844 9.62379 3.20793 -18.6819 -3.8869 -16.53 14.09} kukus 2 menit 9 -9.0067 1.18729 .39576 -9.9193 -8.0940 -10.77 -7.59 kukus 5 menit _{9 -8.4156 .90925 .30308 -9.1145 -7.7166 -9.42 -6.76} kukus 10 menit 9 -9.1956 3.19540 1.06513 -11.6518 -6.7394 -16.41 -6.07 kukus 15 menit _{9 -5.7978 .87588 .29196 -6.4710 -5.1245 -7.00 -4.32} kukus 20 menit 9 -6.1800 .84909 .28303 -6.8327 -5.5273 -7.45 -4.76 kukus 25 menit _{9 -4.9344 .63297 .21099 -5.4210 -4.4479 -5.95 -4.13} kukus 30 menit 9 -6.2067 .76051 .25350 -6.7912 -5.6221 -7.13 -4.83

71

kukus 35 menit 9 -5.6156 1.37141 .45714 -6.6697 -4.5614 -7.66 -3.72 kukus 40 menit _{9 -5.6978 .61763 .20588 -6.1725 -5.2230 -6.72 -4.92} kukus 45 menit 9 -5.2922 .85789 .28596 -5.9517 -4.6328 -6.37 -4.12 kukus 50 menit _{9 -4.6022 .94607 .31536 -5.3294 -3.8750 -6.80 -3.76} kukus 55 menit 9 -5.3289 .69344 .23115 -5.8619 -4.7959 -6.48 -4.55 kukus 60 menit _{9 -6.4522 .63578 .21193 -6.9409 -5.9635 -7.17 -5.38} kukus 65 menit 9 -4.7800 1.25289 .41763 -5.7431 -3.8169 -6.43 -2.41 kukus 70 menit _{9 -5.5389 .56638 .18879 -5.9742 -5.1035 -6.28 -4.49} kukus 75 menit 9 -4.5278 .68319 .22773 -5.0529 -4.0026 -5.36 -3.40 kukus 80 menit _{9 -4.9367 .33313 .11104 -5.1927 -4.6806 -5.56 -4.56} kukus 90 menit 9 -3.6233 .44581 .14860 -3.9660 -3.2807 -4.37 -3.15

Total _{180 -6.3380 3.02172 .22523 -6.7824 -5.8936 -16.53 14.09}

b* (A) segar 9 19.0022 4.61829 1.53943 15.4523 22.5522 8.15 22.88 rebus 3 menit _{9 22.9511 2.65326 .88442 20.9116 24.9906 19.20 26.04} kukus 2 menit 9 14.8500 2.45377 .81792 12.9639 16.7361 10.38 17.92 kukus 5 menit 9 13.0856 2.00496 .66832 11.5444 14.6267 9.77 15.85 kukus 10 menit 9 11.6700 4.11975 1.37325 8.5033 14.8367 4.06 18.83 kukus 15 menit 9 10.5056 2.98495 .99498 8.2111 12.8000 6.97 14.91 kukus 20 menit _{9 12.7900 1.34486 .44829 11.7562 13.8238 10.56 14.16} kukus 25 menit 9 13.9100 2.01280 .67093 12.3628 15.4572 10.42 16.11 kukus 30 menit _{9 15.2989 1.65303 .55101 14.0283 16.5695 13.16 17.73} kukus 35 menit 9 15.1778 2.73700 .91233 13.0739 17.2816 9.66 19.15 kukus 40 menit _{9 15.2500 1.72548 .57516 13.9237 16.5763 12.39 17.72} kukus 45 menit 9 15.4522 1.67822 .55941 14.1622 16.7422 12.47 17.93 kukus 50 menit _{9 15.6622 1.00715 .33572 14.8881 16.4364 13.89 16.72} kukus 55 menit 9 15.0322 2.06580 .68860 13.4443 16.6201 12.60 17.66 kukus 60 menit _{9 14.6756 8.55117 2.85039 8.1025 21.2486 -7.58 20.15} kukus 65 menit 9 19.0733 3.32576 1.10859 16.5169 21.6297 13.12 23.14 kukus 70 menit _{9 19.6556 2.94613 .98204 17.3910 21.9202 15.54 23.01} kukus 75 menit 9 18.9544 3.79380 1.26460 16.0383 21.8706 11.26 22.74 kukus 80 menit _{9 17.5444 1.70725 .56908 16.2321 18.8568 14.62 19.87} kukus 90 menit 9 16.4489 2.19669 .73223 14.7604 18.1374 13.86 19.77

72

Total 180 15.8495 4.21155 .31391 15.2301 16.4689 -7.58 26.04

b* (B) segar _{9 7.7200 .75356 .25119 7.1408 8.2992 6.84 9.14}

rebus 3 menit 9 9.6044 4.02167 1.34056 6.5131 12.6958 5.57 16.52 kukus 2 menit _{9 6.6967 1.73145 .57715 5.3658 8.0276 4.99 10.04} kukus 5 menit 9 8.5011 1.61592 .53864 7.2590 9.7432 6.26 11.79 kukus 10 menit _{9 4.3378 4.13286 1.37762 1.1610 7.5146 -6.67 6.01} kukus 15 menit 9 6.3200 2.17905 .72635 4.6450 7.9950 3.48 9.73 kukus 20 menit _{9 5.5033 .67954 .22651 4.9810 6.0257 4.55 6.66} kukus 25 menit 9 6.6189 1.34521 .44840 5.5849 7.6529 4.65 9.17 kukus 30 menit _{9 8.9700 2.50512 .83504 7.0444 10.8956 5.19 12.02} kukus 35 menit 9 10.4122 2.16459 .72153 8.7484 12.0761 7.29 13.90 kukus 40 menit _{9 10.4967 1.50433 .50144 9.3403 11.6530 8.22 12.58} kukus 45 menit 9 9.9467 2.25330 .75110 8.2146 11.6787 5.32 12.65 kukus 50 menit _{9 4.7478 1.37025 .45675 3.6945 5.8010 3.46 7.86} kukus 55 menit 9 7.4411 1.08527 .36176 6.6069 8.2753 6.35 9.77 kukus 60 menit 9 10.5122 1.90115 .63372 9.0509 11.9736 7.44 13.32 kukus 65 menit 9 7.4367 1.31330 .43777 6.4272 8.4462 5.50 9.97 kukus 70 menit 9 9.6622 2.69744 .89915 7.5888 11.7357 5.96 13.04 kukus 75 menit _{9 9.2322 2.14442 .71481 7.5839 10.8806 5.48 11.91} kukus 80 menit 9 9.6444 1.92330 .64110 8.1661 11.1228 6.70 12.89 kukus 90 menit _{9 5.4911 1.02988 .34329 4.6995 6.2828 3.37 6.79}

Total 180 7.9648 2.80368 .20897 7.5524 8.3771 -6.67 16.52

b* (C) segar _{9 21.3933 2.14889 .71630 19.7416 23.0451 17.47 23.50} rebus 3 menit 9 24.6222 3.20391 1.06797 22.1595 27.0850 19.84 28.20 kukus 2 menit _{9 16.0900 2.60678 .86893 14.0863 18.0937 11.85 19.89} kukus 5 menit 9 15.6711 1.95540 .65180 14.1681 17.1742 13.33 18.91 kukus 10 menit _{9 14.8111 2.28706 .76235 13.0531 16.5691 11.31 17.96} kukus 15 menit 9 18.3656 2.51455 .83818 16.4327 20.2984 14.01 21.26 kukus 20 menit _{9 18.9800 1.62521 .54174 17.7308 20.2292 17.22 21.78} kukus 25 menit 9 15.9667 1.47531 .49177 14.8326 17.1007 13.43 17.81 kukus 30 menit _{9 18.8467 1.72834 .57611 17.5181 20.1752 16.15 21.53} kukus 35 menit 9 18.6011 1.51151 .50384 17.4393 19.7630 16.52 20.85

73

kukus 40 menit 9 17.7411 2.38206 .79402 15.9101 19.5721 13.52 19.65 kukus 45 menit _{9 18.6867 1.00614 .33538 17.9133 19.4601 17.70 20.19} kukus 50 menit 9 16.4900 .97577 .32526 15.7400 17.2400 14.70 18.09 kukus 55 menit _{9 17.5122 1.60253 .53418 16.2804 18.7440 16.06 21.00} kukus 60 menit 9 21.0678 1.71670 .57223 19.7482 22.3873 18.60 23.95 kukus 65 menit _{9 21.8722 1.54190 .51397 20.6870 23.0574 20.11 24.93} kukus 70 menit 9 22.9856 1.67754 .55918 21.6961 24.2750 19.93 25.35 kukus 75 menit _{9 21.6478 1.99537 .66512 20.1140 23.1816 19.10 25.37} kukus 80 menit 9 17.9700 1.97335 .65778 16.4531 19.4869 14.70 20.36 kukus 90 menit _{9 18.4478 2.61107 .87036 16.4407 20.4548 12.53 20.72}

Total 180 18.8884 3.18872 .23767 18.4194 19.3574 11.31 28.20

b* (D) segar _{9 18.3033 2.31950 .77317 16.5204 20.0863 13.94 21.22} rebus 3 menit 9 23.2400 1.70691 .56897 21.9280 24.5520 19.79 25.16 kukus 2 menit _{9 14.4111 1.61232 .53744 13.1718 15.6504 12.38 16.93} kukus 5 menit 9 13.8600 1.99441 .66480 12.3270 15.3930 10.08 16.23 kukus 10 menit 9 14.3411 2.07192 .69064 12.7485 15.9337 11.22 17.96 kukus 15 menit 9 12.8722 2.07316 .69105 11.2786 14.4658 8.93 14.91 kukus 20 menit 9 13.5967 1.51570 .50523 12.4316 14.7617 11.17 15.86 kukus 25 menit _{9 11.6244 2.23958 .74653 9.9029 13.3459 9.71 17.01} kukus 30 menit 9 13.7367 1.96364 .65455 12.2273 15.2461 10.70 16.81 kukus 35 menit _{9 14.0589 2.81260 .93753 11.8969 16.2208 8.64 18.23} kukus 40 menit 9 14.7489 1.78133 .59378 13.3796 16.1181 12.38 16.90 kukus 45 menit _{9 13.6256 2.26504 .75501 11.8845 15.3666 10.51 16.58} kukus 50 menit 9 11.6300 1.83802 .61267 10.2172 13.0428 9.01 13.99 kukus 55 menit _{9 15.6922 2.31125 .77042 13.9156 17.4688 13.04 19.17} kukus 60 menit 9 17.0744 1.89736 .63245 15.6160 18.5329 13.60 18.95 kukus 65 menit _{9 16.2222 2.58001 .86000 14.2391 18.2054 12.62 20.58} kukus 70 menit 9 15.6944 2.07146 .69049 14.1022 17.2867 12.74 18.67 kukus 75 menit _{9 15.3767 1.94500 .64833 13.8816 16.8717 13.36 18.36} kukus 80 menit 9 16.5022 1.44345 .48115 15.3927 17.6118 14.90 19.64 kukus 90 menit _{9 13.4278 1.68337 .56112 12.1338 14.7217 10.86 16.28}

Total 180 15.0019 3.16961 .23625 14.5358 15.4681 8.64 25.16

74

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

L* (A) Between Groups _{17794.934 19 936.575 91.658 .000}

Within Groups 1634.902 160 10.218

Total _{19429.836 179}

L* (B) Between Groups 4803.727 19 252.828 5.504 .000

Within Groups _{7349.384 160 45.934}

Total 12153.111 179

L* (C) Between Groups _{12552.339 19 660.649 80.232 .000}

Within Groups 1317.471 160 8.234

Total _{13869.810 179}

L* (D) Between Groups 12868.292 19 677.279 63.204 .000

Within Groups 1714.518 160 10.716

Total _{14582.810 179}

a* (A) Between Groups 983.589 19 51.768 16.243 .000

Within Groups _{509.926 160 3.187}

Total 1493.515 179

a* (B) Between Groups _{121.966 19 6.419 6.92}