ABSTRAK
Masalah gizi kurang pada balita masih cukup tinggi, salah satunya karena kualitas makanan sebagian besar masyarakat Indonesia terutama pada anak balita yang masih belum bergizi-seimbang. Salah satu penyebab munculnya kekurangan gizi dimasyarakat adalah akibat rendahnya asupan energi dan protein dari makanan sehari-hari. Di Kabupaten Pidie prevalensi gizi buruk dan kurang adalah 23,6%. Sedangkan di Kecamatan Muara Tiga prevalensi gizi buruk dan kurang adalah 23,9%. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian survey, dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi adalah semua ibu yang mempunyai anak balita umur 1-5 tahun sebanyak 698 orang. Sampel berjumlah 64 orang ibu anak balita dengan tehnik simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data tingkat pengetahuan gizi, pendapatan keluarga dan kebiasaan makan keluarga menggunakan kuesioner dengan teknik wawancara, data kecukupan energi dan protein menggunakan metode food recall selama 3 hari. Analisis data yaitu analisis univariat, analisis bivariate dengan uji Chi Square dan analisis multivariat dengan uji Regresi Logistik Berganda metode Enter.
Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan uji Chi-Square menunjukkan ada pengaruh tingkat pengetahuan gizi ibu (p=0,036), pendapatan keluarga (p=0,000) dan kebiasaan makan keluarga (p=0,020) terhadap kecukupan energi anak balita. Ada pengaruh tingkat pengetahuan gizi ibu (p=0,016), pendapatan keluarga (p=0,014) dan kebiasaan makan keluarga (p=0,011) terhadap kecukupan protein anak balita. Sedangkan hasil uji regresi logisti ganda, hanya variabel pendapatan keluarga yang ada pengaruhnya terhadap kecukupan energi dan protein anak balita yaitu keluarga berpendapatan tinggi berkemungkinan 16,266 dan 5,814 kali kecukupan energi dan protein anak balitanya cukup dibandingkan keluarga berpendapatan rendah. Sedangkan tingkat pengetahuan gizi ibu dan kebiasaan makan keluarga tidak berpengaruh terhadap kecukupan energi dan protein anak balita.
Dengan adanya penelitian ini diharapkan kepada petugas kesehatan agar dapat memberikan pemahaman kepada keluarga anak balita untuk memanfaatkan lahan pekarangan maupun perkebunan dengan menanam sayuran dan buah-buahan maupun tanaman lainnya yang bisa dijual untuk menambah penghasilan keluarga, supaya dapat membeli bahan makanan sumber energi dan protein serta makanan sumber lainnya untuk anak balita, dikarenakan anak balita merupakan kelompok yang paling rentan mengalami kekurangan energi protein (KEP).
ABSTRACT
One of the causes of the problem of malnutrition in the children under five years old is because the quality of the food consumed by most of the people of Indonesia especially by the children under five years old is still not nutritionally balanced. One of the causes of the incident of malnutrition in the society is the low intake of energy and protein from the daily diet. In Pidie District, the prevalence of severe under nutrition and under nutrition was 23,6% while in Muara Tiga Subdistrict the prevalence of severe under nutrition and under nutrition was 23,9%.
The population of this survey study with cross-sectional section was 698 children under 1 – 5 years old. As many as 64 mother of them were selected to be the samples for this study through simple random sampling techniques. The data for this study such as knowledge about nutrition, family income and family eating habit were obtained through questionnaire-based interviews and the data related to energy and protein sufficiency were obtained through food recall method for 3 days. The data obtained were analyzed through univariate analysis, bivariate analysis using Chi-square test and multivariate analysis by using the logistic regression test Enter Multiple methods.
The result of Chi-square test showed that the level of mother’s knowledge about nutrition (p = 0,036), family income (p = 0,000) and family eating habit (p = 0,020) on the sufficiency of energy of children under five years old. The level of mother’s knowledge about nutrition (p = 0,016), family income (p = 0,014) and family eating habit (p = 0,011) on the sufficiency of protein of children under five years old. The result of multiple logistic regression test showed that only the variable of family income which had the influence on the sufficiency of energy and protein of children under five years old with the high income family are likely to be 16,266 and 5,814 times the adequacy of energy and protein to their children under five compared with low income family. There has been no influence of mother’s nutrition knowledge level and family eating habits on energy and protein of children under five years old.
This study encourages health workers to raise the awareness of family who have children under five years old to make use their home yard to plant vegetable and fruit or other crops that can be sold in order to support family income. Hence the family are able to purchase energy and protein food sources to their children. In fact the children under five years old are vulnerable to energy and protein deficiency.
