Computer
mediated
communicat
ion
Defnisi Computer Meediated
Communication
• Cmc: komunikasi manusia yang terjadi melalui penggunaan
alat elektronik
• Melalui format seperti instant messaging, email, chat rooms, dll
CMeC TOOLS
INSTANT MESSAGING
INSTANT MESSAGING
CHAT
CHAT
BLOG
BLOG
SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES
SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES
CMeC AND INTERPERSONAL
COMeMeUNICATION
interpersonal communicati
on
user-generated
content
participati
on
ANALISIS KERJA CMeC
Digitalization and liberalization Digitalization and liberalization
economic growth economic growth
Modernization of information and infrastructure Modernization of information and infrastructure
innovation and difusion innovation and difusion
(phone- or web-based) media (phone- or web-based) media
Meedia Form
personal web pages
blogs, networking sites
ALAT-ALAT
CMC
Instant messaging
Social websites
Mobile communicati Chatting
Pendekatan Teori Untuk
Teknologi, Meedia Dan Komunikasi
Anonimi
tas
Privasi
Ruang
Pola Komunikasi CMeC
•
Tidak langsung.
Email, computer
conference, dll
Komunik
asi
asinkron
ous
•
Chatting, instant
messaging
Komunik
asi
Sinkronu
s
•
Online seminar,
virtual feld trips,
virtual experiments.
Virtual
simulatio
Social Capital
• Kapital sosial: sumber daya yang terakumulasi
akibat hubungan dengan orang lain ata kelompok.
• Hubungan yang saling menguntungkan.
Misalnya mendapatkan pekerja atau kenaikan gaji.
Kerugian: mengurangi
tatap muka sehingga
social capital kurang.
Kelebihan:
interaksi online
Meodal sosial dan ikatan sosial
• New media mendukung munculnya ikatan sosial.
• Muncul akumulasi modal sosial melalui new media. Jaringan
hubungan lebih luas.
Virtual sociability (gaul sosial)
• Kemampuan individu membentuk kelompok melintas ruang dan
waktu menggunakan CMC = chat rooms, BBS, multi user context.
• Harus ada participatory engagement.
• Aktivitas partisipan.
• Ada aturan, norma, dan nilai di dunia virtual.
Pro dan kontra untuk Virtual
sociability
CMeC membuat
orang menjadi
miskin emosi dan
anti sosial
(Walther, Anderson,
and Park 1994),
Memiliki potensi
untuk memelihara
dan meningkatkan
komunikasi manusia
Virtual sociability
•
synchronicity, granularity, and
multimodality
technologic
al variables
•
the amount of time participants
spend online, the nature of
their relationship, and their
levels of motivation
social
variables
•
lack of physical reality and
context. Communication and
events are removed from
objects, bodies, and faces.
self-disclosure and intimacy
feeling of vulnerabilityand risk on the part of
the individuals
absence of traditional stigmas such
as stuttering,
or visible shyness or
anxiety
prevent the establishme
nt of any
Online communications
make it easier for
users to fnd
others who share
our specialized
interests and
values, particularly
when there is a
lack of “real
world”
counterparts
users have more
control over one’s
side of the
interaction and
how one presents
Cyber crime
potential obstacles to establishing a
contact in cyberspace
uncertainty about the gender and age
of the contact
possibility of becoming a
victim of cybercrimes
pertanyaan diskusi kelompok
• apakah yang dimaksud dengan modal sosial? bagaimanakah
peranan teknologi komunikasi dan informasi terhadap modal sosial!
• apakah yang dimaksud dengan gaul sosial? jelaskan hubungan
antara aturan, nilai, norma di dunia nyata dan dunia virtual untuk pergaulan. berikan contoh
• mengapa CMC membuat manusia menjadi miskin emosi dan
anti sosial? berikan solusinya.
• jelakan apakah yang dimaksud dengan self disclosure dan
to be
Technically-mediated
people who kept in
contact with those
closest to them via
e-mail also had
more frequent and
intense exchanges
on the telephone
with them
e-mail users
received more
support from their
contacts, and even
more so if they
used multiple new
E-mail can be characterized
as “text talk”;
users type words to
Negative and positive about
NEGATIVE
• In the typed text of e-mail
which goes by situated rule of conduct (Ziegler and Durscheid 2002), other people’s faces or voices are lost
POSITIVE
• creative means were
developed to make up for this limitation, such as
secondary orality style of writing (Koch and
Osterreicher 1985).
• One graphically-realized
EMeAIL
• Email: asynchronous. Time is
flexible. Minute, days, months.
• Carbon copy function as
feature to dyadic conversation into a group.
• Careful: conflicts. Eg. Prita
EMeAIL SHORTCOMeINGS
• the notion of social and
information overload:
• people can be stressed by
the fast pace of incoming messages which are sent by diferent types of people with many diferent agendas, and are flled with all sorts of
information, some valuable, some useless.
• Missing face-to-face cues
makes e-mails potentially ambiguous.
• Even sophisticated e-mail
Spam: a problem
• An e-mail message is a record of an exchange that can be accessed by, forwarded to, or
Chat communication
• Chat rooms are forms of text-based communication that
allow individuals to interact with each other over the internet.
• casual face-to-face interactions and telephone conversations,
because it allows the exchange of short synchronous messages in real time (Beiswenger 2001; Herring 2006).
• lacking certain types of information, including physical
• Both visual anonymity and text-only communication
characterize chat communication and determine its content.
• chats are “written conversations”, applying verbal strategies
which can be characterized as secondary orality (Koch and Osterreicher 1985).
• to be a productive and creative form of technically-mediated
Instant messaging
the ability to identify
who is connected to
the shared space
between or among
friends
the ability to conduct
a text-based
conversation in real
time
The feeling of
closeness enforced
by simultaneous
online presence and
the limited amount of
Social networking sites
• Social networking sites (SNSs) such as such as Facebook,
Friendster, MySpace, and the German StudiVZ, allow
individuals to present themselves, articulate their social networks, and establish or maintain contact to others
(Lenhart and Madden 2007).
• Social network sites enable individuals to articulate their
social connections visibly on the site, a practice that
supports individuals’ interest in pursuing self-presentational and social goals.
• Friends-links ofer users a variety of social contacts, allowing
Social networking sites
• Facebook users engage more in “searching” for people with whom they
have an ofine connection already than in “browsing” for complete strangers to meet (bigge 2006; boyd 2006).
• But facebook has also been used for coordinating purposes by teachers in
online social network sites
• Online social network sites support both the maintenance of
existing social ties and the formation of new connections.
• Online identities tend to raise individual consciousness
insofar as they enforce additional self-refection.
• The various risks, however, which users often take
unknowingly by uploading private photos (boyd 2006),
Meobile phone
communication
• Ubiquity, accessibility, immediacy, intensity of interaction.
Gue : W, Wa, Q, Qu, G Lo : U
Rumah : Humz, Hozz Aja : Ja, Ajj
Yang : Iank/Iang, Eank/Eang (ada juga yang iiank/iiang) Boleh : Leh
Baru : Ru
Ya/Iya : Yupz, Ia, Iupz
Kok : KoQ, KuQ, Kog, Kug Nih : Niyh, Niech, Nieyh Tuh : Tuwh, Tuch
Deh : Dech, Deyh Belum : Lom, Lum Cape : Cppe, Cpeg Kan : Khan, Kant, Kanz Manis : Maniezt, Manies Cakep : Ckepp
Potentials, Limits, And Defcits Of
Technically-mediated Communication
disadvantages
• it lacks many face-to-face
cues, it is more prone to misunderstandings and interpersonal conflicts.
• to be interactively
incoherent due to
limitations imposed by
messaging systems on turn-taking and reference
advantages
• to a large degree, liberate
relationships from the confnes of physical locality,
• thus creating opportunities
for new – and genuine – interpersonal
• Traditional personal
relationship theory suggests that the relative lack of social cues and the
potential for feedback
delays lead to uncertainty as to how users should
and are expected to behave, and how
behavior can be explained.
• Because people need to
manage uncertainty and develop relationships, they will adapt the textual
cues to meet their needs when faced with a
Where do we go from here?
Future developments
• Possibility of communicating anytime anywhere is going
to increase
• On an interpersonal level we fnd it
• difcult to achieve a sense of being in the same
“space”,
• our proximity to one another is diferent when
technically-mediated than when we communicate face-to-face
• The popularity of technically-mediated communication will
Where do we go from here?
Future developments
• Just as the telephone has altered the notion of conversation by
enabling a form of live talk between people in diferent geographical locations, the web, similarly, is now
broadening the concepts of immediacy, presence, and intimacy.
• And with the onset of social websites and user-generated
