LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS USED BY THE MAIN CHARACTER IN SHERLOCK HOLMES II: A GAME OF SHADOWS MOVIE.

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LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS USED BY THE MAIN CHARACTER IN SHERLOCK HOLMES II: A GAME OF SHADOWS MOVIE

A THESIS

Submitted to Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra

By:

SRI DEVI ARISTA

Registration Number: 2102220015

ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Alhamdulillahirabbilalamin. First of all, the writer would like to say thank to Allah SWT for the blessing, guarding, guidance, and everything that have been given along her life until the writer accomplish this thesis.

This thesis is aimed to fulfill one of the requirements to obtain the S1 degree of Sarjana Sastra at English Department in Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.

In completing this thesis, the writer has received a lot of assistances and academic support from some people. Therefore, the writer would like to express her sincere gratitude, love and special thanks to:

 Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar Damanik, M.Si., the Rector of State University of Medan.

 Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Faculty of Languages and Arts for her leadership and administrative assistance during the process of writing this thesis.

 Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English Department, Rika S.Pd, M.Hum., Secretary of English Department, Dra. Meisuri, M.A., the Head of English Literature Department, and Dra. Masitowarni, M.Ed., the Head of English Education Department.

 Dr. Sri Minda Murni, M.S., her Thesis Advisor, for the advice, guidance, constructive comment, valuable knowledge, and precious time she spent in correcting and supervising the draft of writing during the completion of this thesis. And also thanks to all beloved lecturers in English and Literature Department who advised and guided the writer during academic years.

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 Her beloved parents; her mother, Dewi Susanti and her father, Ir. Edison for the pray, love, moral and financial support. And also thanks for the love and support from her dearest sisters, Wika and Puput.

 All her beloved classmates of Applied Linguistics Regular 2010 especially Zahrina Putri, Bintang Nopita, Rizky Meiyani, Nurhafizah, Hisarmauli Desi, Dona Manalu and others that cannot be mentioned all. Thank you for the support, information, encouragement, and beautiful day spent together. And also thanks for the support from Habibullah, her man and another best friend.

 Maam Endah and Maam Euis, for helping the writer in preparing the files for the purposes of this thesis.

Without their deep and sympathetic understanding, this thesis could not complete. Over all, the writer hopes this thesis can give a bit contribution to the Applied Linguistics. Therefore, comments, critics, suggestions, and advices are expected from the readers.

Medan, March 2014 The writer,

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ABSTRACT

Sri Devi Arista. 2014. Language Functions Used by The Main Character in “Sherlock Holmes II: A Game of Shadows” Movie. A Thesis. Faculty of Languages and Arts. State University of Medan.

This research focused on language function used by the main character in “Sherlock Holmes II: A Game of Shadows” movie. The research was conducted by using descriptive qualitative method. The data were collected from the transcript dialogue of the movie. The findings of the study show that there are 172 sentences which consists of six language functions which is expressive, directive, referential, metalinguistic, phatic, and poetic. The most dominant type of language function used by the main character is metalinguistic. It means that the main character intended to convey code analysis by asking questions to the people so that he might invent clue for the sake of his investigation.

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

People can fulfill their needs to survive by receiving and sending language. They spend a large of part of their lives interacting with each other; in a small group, in informal conversations with friends, in meeting with co-workers, and in many other contexts. Language is primarily spoken, although it can be transferred to another way, such as written. In other words, language is a communication system; therefore, it as a means of communication plays important roles in human’s life.

In any relationship, no matter the type, communication is central and therefore unavoidable. Human beings are constantly involved in communication processes with others. In every interaction that happens in society, of course, communication is the basis of formation of successful human societies. It means that communication is the bridge between people. It is through communication that collaboration and cooperation occur. The ability to make the appropriate communicative choices in a certain context is a part of a person’s communicative competence. Different kinds or style of communicative competence can occur and humans use their communicative strategies slightly differently for various reasons.

In doing communication, people may not realize that spoken or written sentences also carry a function. As an example, if a man says, “Close the

windows!”, actually this sentences carries a function; directive function which is

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sentence above, people can see clearly that the sentence is directive because the man asks the hearer to close the windows.

However, the hearer may get confused if people speak without a purpose. Halliday (1997:7) states that:

“A functional approach to language means, first of all, investigating how

language is used; try to find out what the purpose that language serves for us, and how people are able to achieve these purpose through speaking and listening, reading and writing. But it also means more than this. It means seeking to explain the nature of language in functional terms: seeing whether language itself has been shaped by use, and if so, in what ways – how the form of language has been determined by the functions it has evolved to serve.”

It means that the language function refers to the purpose itself. The language function leads the hearers to achieve the purpose of someone’s speech.

As a proof, from the example of the utterance “Open the book!”. This sentence

carries a function reflects clearly the purpose what the man’s speech. The purpose of the function is asking the hearer to open the book.

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essentially) and metalinguistic function (focusing attention on the code itself, to clarify it or negotiate it).

Several studies on language functions have been done previously. Erwan (2011) looks at “Language Functions Used in Andrie Wongso’s Book”. He

analyzed every utterance in Andrie Wongso’s book to find the most dominant type of language function which is referential. It means that Andrie Wongso is mostly giving information in his book to influence the readers.

Utami (2007) investigated language functions on SMS Broadcast on Flexi between the company and the customer. After analyzing the data, the writer found that the dominant speech function used in SMS Broadcast on Flexi is directive function. It means the language has a function to get someone to do something.

Tania (2010) analyzed language function used in Advertising Texts. The writer focuses that aim to change the human thinking about advertisement is not only promote the product but also give information. After analyzing the data, the writer found that the dominant language function is referential.

Other conducted by Kinanta (2008) who researched “A Study on Language Functions Used by the Main Character in Detective Conan Movie” and found out the main character in “Detective Conan” used metalinguistic function as the dominant function. It means that the language has a function to reveal and convey the truth to people in that movie.

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not the original fictional detective (he was influenced by Edgar Allan Poe's C. Auguste Dupin and Émile Gaboriau's Monsieur Lecoq), his name has become a byword for the part in literature (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes). The investigating detective became a popular genre with many authors such as Agatha Christie and Dorothy Sayers after the demise of Holmes, with characters such as Hercule Poirot and Lord Peter Wimsey.

The writer chooses the film to be observed because it is one of box office movie which deals with a detective’s way and choice to use language as a function to investigate someone, find out the clues along his investigation, and also solve the crimes that are assigned to him. It is also considered as an interesting discussion data to analyze how language is used by a detective and relate it to the implication of the language functionally.

This research investigates language functions used by the main character in Sherlock Holmes II: A Game of Shadows movie. The transcription which has been taken from the first forty minutes dialogue of conversation expressed by the main character in that movie as a consideration that in the beginning of a movie particularly with an action-mystery genre, the main character mostly appears and takes role in order to introduce how the story is. These data then are analyzed by using language function proposed by Jakobson (1960).

B. The Identification of the Problem

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1. What are the types of language functions used by the main character in Sherlock Holmes II: A Game of Shadows movie?

2. What is dominant kind of language function used by the main character in Sherlock Holmes II: A Game of Shadows movie?

3. What is the implication of the dominant type of language functions used by the main character in Sherlock Holmes II: A Game of Shadows movie?

C. The Objective of the Study

1. To find out the types of language function in communication used by the main character in Sherlock Holmes II: A Game of Shadow movie.

2. To find out the dominant kind of language function used by the main character in Sherlock Holmes II: A Game of Shadow movie.

3. To describe the implication of the most dominant type of language function that is used by the main character in Sherlock Holmes II: A Game of Shadow movie.

D. The Scope of the Study

This research is related to Sociolinguistics, focusing in language functions particularly. The writer utilizes a theory which was proposed by Roman Jakobson (1960). According to him, there are six major language functions; emotive, conative, poetic, metalinguistic, referential, and phatic function. Specifically, the writer takes a chunk of 40 minutes dialogues used by the main character in Sherlock Holmes II: A Game of Shadow movie. Hence, by Jakobson’s theory, the

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E. The Significance of the Study

The results of this research will be useful:

1. For English Department students, this research is expected that the students may obtain more information about language function in particular used in a movie with an action-mystery genre such as in a Sherlock Holmes II: A Game of Shadows movie.

2. For readers, it will give the benefits to them who are interested in this field to obtain deeper understanding in language function.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

A. Conclusions

After analyzing the using of language functions in Sherlock Holmes II: A Game of Shadows movie, the conclusions can be drawn as follows:

1. There are six types of language function used in Sherlock Holmes II: A Game of Shadows movie which are expressive, directive, referential, metalinguistic,

phatic, and poetic.

2. The dominant type of language function used in Sherlock Holmes II: A Game of Shadows movie is metalinguistic function with the 65 occurrences (38%).

3. Metalinguistic function is the dominant type of language function used in Sherlock Holmes II: A Game of Shadows movie. It has an implication that

Sherlock Holmes used that function mostly in his utterances because as a detective, he established the agreement and conveyed the codes by asking questions to the people in order to dig, find out, and connect information so that he might invent clue for the sake of his investigation.

B. Suggestions

Related to the conclusions, it is well to suggest:

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_A_Game_of_Shadows._Accessed

on December 26th 2013.

http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1515091/synopsis?ref_=ttpl_ql_3._{Accessed on}

December 26th 2013.