Pengaruh Pelepasan Nyamuk Jantan Mandul Terhadap Fertilitas Dan Perubahan Morfologi Telur Aedes Aegypti

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PENGARUH PELEPASAN NYAMUK JANTAN MANDUL TERHADAP

FERTILITAS DAN PERUBAHAN MORFOLOGI TELUR

Aedes aegypti

Riyani Setiyaningsih* , Maria Agustini*, dan Ali Rahayu

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EFFECT OF RELEASE MALE STERILE MOSQUITO TECHNIQUE TO FERTILITY AND

MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF Aedes aegypti EGGS

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Abstrak

Aplikasi Teknik Serangga Mandul (TSM) merupakan salah satu teknik pengendalian vektor yang bersifat ramah

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populasi vektor. Salah satu parameternya adalah nyamuk jantan steril dapat berkompetisi dengan populasi nyamuk jantan di alam sehingga akan dapat menurunkan populasi nyamuk di alam. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi TSM terhadap fertilitas dan perubahan morfologi telur Aedes aegypti. Iradiasi sinar gamma nyamuk jantan Ae.aegypti dilakukan di BATAN Jakarta dengan menggunakan sinar gamma Co-60. Pelepasan nyamuk jantan Ae.aegypti steril dilepaskan sebanyak lima kali setiap minggu. Parameter yang diukur adalah fertilitas telur di luar dan dalam rumah sebelum dan sesudah pelepasan nyamuk jantan Ae.aegypti steril dan pengamatan perubahan morfologi telur Ae.aegypti setelah aplikasi. Fertilitas telur sebelum pelepasan nyamuk jantan Ae.aegypti steril di luar rumah dan di dalam rumah adalah 90,86% dan 87,96%. Setelah pelepasan pertama, kedua, ketiga, keempat, dan kelima fertilitas telur menjadi 43,73%, 25,81%, 18,84%, 17,37%, dan 6,75%. Sedangkan fertilitas telur di dalam rumah setelah pelepasan nyamuk jantan Ae.aegypti steril pertama sampai kelima adalah 62,74%, 18,11%, 17,07%, 13,85%, dan 3,91%. Secara morfologi telur steril setelah pelepasan nyamuk jantan Ae.aegypti steril berbentuk mengempis, bercabang dan mengecil.

Kata kunci : TSM, fertilitas, Aedes aegypti

Abstract

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enveronmentally. For such a strategy to be effective sterile roles can be competitive enough agoints wild male

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the SIT effect to fertility and morphological changes of $HGHV DHJ\SWL eggs. Male $H DHJ\SWL irradiation

was performed in BATAN Jakarta using Co-60 gamma ray (70Gy). The release of sterile males $H DHJ\SWL

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and indoor before and after the release of sterile males mosquito and $H DHJ\SWL eggs morphological changes were observed after application. The results showed that the eggs fertility of $H DHJ\SWL outdoor and indoor

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eggs become 43,73%, 25,81%, 18,84%, 17,37%, and 6,75%. While the fertility of eggs inside the house after

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and 3,91%. The morphology of sterile eggs the after release of sterile males of $H DHJ\SWL mosquito were

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Gambar 5. Morfologi telur Aedes aegypti hasil perkawinan nyamuk jantan dan nyamuk betina normal. Morfologi

telur normal (1), telur mengalami perubahan morfologi (2), dan embrio telur Ae.aegypti (3).

1

2

Gambar 4. Variasi perubahan morfologi telur steril Aedes aegypti (telur bercabang) setelah aplikasi TSM di

daerah endemis DBD di Kota Salatiga tahun 2012.

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