• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

Environment sustainability and social ju

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2018

Membagikan "Environment sustainability and social ju"

Copied!
27
0
0

Teks penuh

(1)

Environment, sustainability and social justice

!" #$ %&& ' &()&* + , #

- + . / # 0 # . / . .

1 2 $ + / 0 / / + / . /

3

Abstract

0 4 . . 4 . + . 4

# 0 # . . . 5# .

4 ' 4 6 . 2 + " 7 ! / 4

4 0 4 . . 8 .

. + + 4 . 2 9

+ 0 0 4 + 3 . / . 4 .

. 4 2 . .

+ 4 . / . 4 5 0 6 . /

2 4 . + . 0

+ + 4 . / 4 : 2 . ..

. + .;2 4 + .

" Man has not inherited the Earth, he has only borrowed it from his children"

Introduction

4 . . 4 . + . 4 . 4 .

+ < 2 0 . 4 . / .

0 + ! :)=: 5A strategic ambiguity6 .

4 . 0 4 . . . >! / :)((? @

(2)

. .. . / # 0 # . A . +

. B . 4 5 . 4 . 6/ + . + .

+ / . + 4 4 + 0

/ 0 0 . 4 + . . /

. 2 / . / 0 4

4 . + C 44 . 2

2 2 2 2/ 2 2 D 4

. 2 0 4 . / 2 / 2 2 . 0 . .

. 4 4 2 4 . 4

@ 5about 29,000 children under the age of five – 21 each minute– die every day, mainly from preventable causes”> . 4?/ + C 4

2 .; 4 .. . B 0 0 .. D 2 + + /

/ . / . nanotechs C 44 0 . /

2 ; 4 . + 4 + . 4 0 2

Time to act

@ >9 / 1 / :)&* ? . 4 8

-0 :)== 0 4 4 2 . +

4 4 4 . 0 . 2 .

B . 2 + . 4 4 + 4

4 . 2 9 + ! . 4 ! . E**& 4 .

4 . 9 2

' + 2 B . F 0 0 D + G

/ 2 2 ; 44 4 8 ; ; +

@ 2 ; 2 A /

2 ; H 2 8 ; 2 4 4 . 2

. 4 2 B 2 F 2 4

+ 2 2 4D G 2 + ; 2

2 + 4 $ 2 . A 8 ;

.. / + F 0 2 .

.; 8 . D .

4 0 + 9 2 /

+ .; 4 . / 4 2 0

2 0 2 4 / . /

. . 4 ; < . D B I

9 2 . .; 4D 2 0 2 2 @

. 4 /

; 44 ; 2 / + + . 4 2

0 0 8 G 2 0 + .

8 . + . + B . 4 4 /

+ B . 4 C . 4 / . 2 ;

4 2 4 2 . 8 . +

. . / 2 4 . + 4 0 . B .

0 + . 4 )*J 4 2 9 0 /

2 . 5 6 . . . 2 0 / 2 +

4 4 / B @ 0 0 /

(3)

K " ' . B 4 D 4 B 4

+ 4 4 B / . 0

4 C . 2 .

2. Planet Earth, a place for life

@ C . 4 0 0 4 4 A

: @ @ 4 A + + .; D

2 . . 4 / .

2 H 4 8 ; D 2 0 2

A @ . < $EL 3 44 / 3 A @

. 4 2 A $EL + $EL/ / 2 A F

4 2 4 ; < 2 / ; . + ;

$EL . 4 0 0 D 2 . 2 2 5+ 6

. 2 2 4 F + 0 + +

0 0 4 4 / =*J 4 + 2

. . + . F 4

, . 1 ; + B 2

+ . 4 2 D F

+ 4 . / . / 5 . 6 / 2

. 4 4 2 + 4

@ 2 D 2 + 2 / B . / + 4

0 0 4 . 2 ; 2 / 4 . 4 4 2

0 . + / / 4

. + 2 . . 4

+ 0 0 2 + 4 2 2 /

0 + 0 . + 2 K / +

C 0 2 2 2 4

2 < + 0 / 2 2 4 .

+ . + 4 0 4 2

+ @ . + E H 4 52 6 0 ;

C . 4 4 / + 0 +

(4)

2 . . + 4 2 / $EL 2 0

/ + . 2 0

. 0 / . 44 4 ; + 2 2 2 B 2

4

2 4 . 0 + 2 + :J 4

2 0 + + . . 4 D 2 2 /

. . . 8 2 .

8 . 0 2 + .; 4 Mculture of water’ @

+ . / . /

4 . . 4 2 .

4 2 + 4 . 4 . 8 4 0

.; 4 + . / .. 4 2 8 0 . 4

$ 7 B . . H 5Everyone has the right to life, liberty

and security of person6 > 9 / :)&(? @ + 4 B . 4 4 /

. + D + 4 2 B . / . 2 / ;

. .. 4 + . C . ;

4

9 0 / 2 4 . . + @ + .

4 4 . @ 0 + / + 0 +

2 0 4 2 + 8 4 / 2 + . 4 4

. L H*** 4 4 2 per . 0

N + . 4 4 4 2 9 > . K L O K / E**%? D

4 + :* N /

0 .. P 4 2 N 2 . . 3

. 0 :* E* 4 2 8 4 .

4 . + 4 . @ B . + .

+ 4 + . . A L . + 4 4 D 2 /

. . / 2 . . . . .

B 4 5 6 + 4 0 B

B / 4 / 2 4 / . . + 4

+ 4 4 2 . < . + 0 0

. / . + 0 + 4 4

2 4 4 4 4

0 / 2 2 4 / . / . /

/ 2 2 4 + 2 +

. / + / 2 2 .

+ . B 0 2 . /

0 . 2 2 0 / 2

2 4 2 4 4 4 N 2 ; 4

2 . + .; . 4 2 . 0

4 0 + . N . /

+ .; + . ; 4 0 2 4 QQ . 8

. 4 7 4 B . = . 5Every child is

(5)

4 $ 7 / :)P)? 8 4 / 2 + . ; 4

. . / 4 .

. 2 + . + 4 .

:)&* EHJ 4 2 .. + . .

.; 4 . . / . . .

2 B + 0 E / + 0 4 2

2 0 # / 2 : H . . C

/ 4 # 2 2 + 0

L + . .

. / 4 + 2 . 0 4

. 4 2 + 0

. 4 . / . : E D 2

; .. 4 2 . . 0 +

. 2 2 4 . 0 ; C

4 0 + . / 2 ; E

D .. 4 2 4 2 / .. 4

2 . . . . 8 2 . +

0 4 2 / < : E 7 + 2 + . 4 4

4 4 2 4 +

(6)

K : #0 4 + C .

P*G %*G / C 0 . 4 0

. + . 4 +

. 4 . 8 4 / . 4 +

. . . + .. 4 2 0

C 4

' G / 2 + . 8

A 2 .; 4 4 2 . A F

+ 5Cast Away6/ 2 8 $ ; . 0 + 4 2

2 2 0 0 . 0 / . / /

(7)

4 / 0 ; 2 .; /

B .; A $ 0 2 2 2 + /

2 / 4 $ 2 + 4 4

4 4 2 4 4 D

H + . 4 0 0 ' G D 2 2

4 2 A

E + 4 . 2 2 2 2

4 / I N$ 2 0 4 9 2 /

; 4 D + / + ; .. 4

/ 4 + . / 4 / / 4 . D

2 / B 0 8 . . . / 2

2 0 4 4 . +

2 2 + 4 4 0 + 4

+ / 0 2 + . . . +

2 0 2 + 2 + . . 4 2

. 0 D 0 / + . + 2

/ 4 .. 4 2 0 >. ? < + ;

> . ? . . + 2 0 # /

. C / 2 . 4 >4 :? 8 4 / 4

0 + 5underdeveloped6 . / 4

. / 4 / 2 / 4 0 + . / 2 ; 0 .

2 . . . F 2 0 0

+ 4 2 G 2 C 4 / +

0 . 4 . . / 4 .

. ))J 4 2 S 4 . 4 / 2

:J 4 . C . + >K L/ :)):?D G

4 4 . P >S)& S))? - + B 0

E*/*** C 8 9 2 T . . +

8 9 4 . 2 D H P C

. D 0 EP*/***

C P* 8 + :P* 4 <

B 8 4 44 . 4 B 4 4 4

Desertification * expansion of the desert * is a grave problem that affects not only those countries in the direct path of the encroaching arid lands, but also has implications for the rest of the world. To give some idea of the scale of the problem, the last 50 years have seen the Sahara desert spread southwards to cover an extra 65 million hectares, and on a global scale, the area of useful land lost each year exceeds 6 million hectares

>LB4 ? 2 2 D 0 .

B 4 / 2 3 2 . .; 2

+ + 0 0 2 3 4 . @

illegal . 4 A 4 4 . . 2

4 4 4 . 0 + / .

.. 4 2 4 / + + 4 . 9 B

. + . .; 4 2

82 4 + 4 2 2 . /

(8)

4 4 4 . 4 4 . D 4 . 4

. . (* J 4 2 . . + E*

J 4 + . . + .. / . /

4 2 2 ++ + 4 2 4

. 4 2 . 0 0 4 . 2

0 . .. + . / . 2

2 + 4 / . 2 + 8 .

. < . 4 5 6/ . 4 + +

. D 4 . / 4 . ' 2 4

. . 4 / 2 G 9 / 4 + . . 0

4 4 0 4 . . "I could make the same kind of movie in Sierra Leone, only the fish would be diamonds, in Honduras, bananas, and in Libya, Nigeria or

Angola,crude oil.">$ + / K . ? 4 / B 4 .

/ 9 ! . 2 2 5last Christmas, the children from Europe received grapes from South Africa and the children form Africa received tanks from Europe6 > 0 2?RThis booming multinational industry of fish and weapons has created an ungodly globalized alliance on the shores of the world’s biggest tropical lake: an army of local fishermen, World bank agents, homeless children, African ministers, EU*commissioners, Tanzanian prostitutes and Russian pilotsR #

/ . 4 2 . C + 4 4

+ :: 9 2 F ; U >4 ?.F . . .; 44 . 4 / . / 4 / .

. 4 2 . 4 / . .

. 4 . 4 / 4 . . +

0 . 4 ; / . + + + 4 /

. + 0 4 2

. F 0 2 / 2 . 4 / " /

jewels/ . F 0 + 44/ ; . + ;

! 4 0 0 . 0

+ 4 4 . 0 2 0 2

4 . 0

0 4 2 4 2 0 4

2 ; 0 / . . / 2 .

. + . 2 2 C . +

+ 4 2 / 2 0

4 5You never know what will happen in the future”/ F

0 + 2 2 ;/ + ; . / 0 . /

G 2 0 4 4 /

+ / . 2 4 D

0 + +< . 0 9 0 4 . ;

/ / 2 2 0 0

4 . 2 2 C

0 4 / 2 .. 4 2 / . +

4 . 4 4 . + .

0 . . 0 0

8 . 4 2 / 4 2 + . . 4

(9)

H K / G < C 4 44

54 6 5 6 . 4 . ! / 2 V V

/ 2 2 4 2 4 A 8 4

C 2 + . 0 . 4 0 + / 2

0 0 4 . / 4 8

+ / K Homo aquaticus2 .

4 T C / + < 8 . D

+ 2 @ 2 D . 2 0

. 2 2 4 / . - 4 #

9 0 / 4 . M . G 4 . 4 D . .;

4 G . + 4 / 4 4

0 5Plant a tree, educate a child, write a book6/ ; 4

/ ; 4 4 4 ; D 4 / . . D

2

8 4 / . < . 4 Forest . / < .

4 4 9 4 / / 4 2 4 4 G

+0 . 4 . C 4

0 4 / + 2 ; 2 4 + 2 2 2 ;

< . 4 / /- / 2 0 /

M G 4 @ 4 / +

/ + B 9 + . + 0

4 4 0 B 4 0 /

4 5I’m myself and my circumstances, and if I don’t safeguard them I do not safeguard myself6/ >L - / / / :((H :)PP 8

+ 4 . D . 4 + 0 F . 0 0 /

. 0 0 2 2 / 9 0 /

4 + 4 + . / . . /

4 0 . + 0 0 / 2

/ 2 + 4 2 + 4 4

4 2 + / < . 4 4

2.3. From the self*sufficient land manager to the land speculator

$ + 0 0 4 + 4 2

K 2 < . . / . . 0 + / 4 4

. D 2 / 2 0 2 . . 4 + .

+ 2 4 / + .

(10)

K . 4 + . . + 4 4 D 4

. 0 0 0 . B . + 2 . 4

. 8 . 4 . 4 4 .

. 4 . .

$ + 0 0 4 / . 4 0

. . 2 4 4 @ 2 0 +

. . 4 2 . >4 H ?

. . + . / 2 + . + 4 2

+ 0 0 2 + . >4 H+ .?

. / 2 + . . + . D 2

.. . . / . 2 /

0 + + . 2 G 2 2 2 / 2

. 4 . 2 9 4

(11)

K W K . . 4 . 4 . / . / 4 / / .

4 . / 2 4 4 4

+ 0 B 8 . 4 4 44 .

. 4 4 . 0 4 + 2 8 . 4

(12)

. 0 0 0 + .;2 4 . / +

2 . . . + . >4 W?

K :)P* E***/ 4 . 0 + . 4 >

/ E**H?D 4 0 + 54 6 2 .

4

2

(13)

K WW WW . .. / .

+ . 4 2 4 4 / C

4 B . 4 . 4 . 0 4

+ 2 4 . 4 2 . 4

(14)

K WW ! 2 . 5 6 4

8 . B 3 4 4

. / B 4 4 2 + . 4 4 +

. . . 44

8 . . / . C 4 .

4 . + . . 2 .

4 . 0 . . 4

(15)

8 4 4 . 4 . / . +

4 . / . . 4

. B 4 . / 4 0 . . 0

0 2 D + + . . . .

4 9 2 / 2 0 . 2 / . 0

2 4 . 4 / . 4 4 2

+ 0 D + 2 . 4 / 4 . . . D 2

2 ; 4 2 / / 2 . . . 4 .

+ + . . 4

4 >4 &? / . 4 . .

2 + 4 + +

. 2 0 2 + 2 +

. + 4 0 4 . .

4 . 0 4 5 6 +

4 . 0 . / . 4

4 ! . + 4 2 .

4 . L 4 . 4 4 . 4 4 .

2 / . 4 + . 4 .

+ 4

3. Deforestation, the real condemn of humanity first sin

K . B 4 . + 4 . >4 W?

+ 4 4 . 0 4 4

(16)

C 4 . 0 / + 4 2 . 2 2 .

@ 0 2 4 .

0 / + ; G + 4 2 4 K 2 2

2 + . . / P*

J 4 4 4 4 . K B / 5in three

decades, 15% of the Amazonia forest was clear*cut and 4 or 5% was degraded through timber harvest or fire. Each year, an average of 18,000 km2of forest are felled—an area larger than Massachusetts and half the size of Costa Rica6 >9 / E**%?

8 2 + 2 B. / . 2 4

+ 0 + / 3 L 4 / + 0 2

0 0 0 B 4 4 L 0 . 4 2 +

0 4 0 . @ 0 0 + .;2 4

4 0 2 . 4 2 + 4 . . 8

. . . / 2 . .

4 2 + 2 + 4 4

. >Hänsel and Gretel?/ >Little Snow*White?

2 5+ 6 + 2 4 + 4 . >Little Red Riding Hood?

K . 2 4 + / 2 . /

0 D . 4 4 / + D 4 4 /

4 . 0 4 4 B. 4

2 . 2 . 4

0 / + . . + 0 B

8 ; ; . 0 2 ; .

+ 0 4 . 4 4 0 0 0 D

4 .; 0 + 4 . 4

- 4 + 0 / + 0 + . / . . /

0 4

4 2 2 . 4 $EL/ 4

. 4 8 4 + .

2 . ; 4 . / 4 2

. 2 . 2 @ 0 B 4 . @

/ ; .; + .; 4 4 / . 2 4

. . / 4 . . + 2

+ / 2 4 . + 0 /

. 2 . 4 . + . 4

/ 4 4 . 0 + .

. 4 0 2 4 2 / + C

2 0 + / 4 2 . . 4

3 / . 2 . . 4 4 + 2 4

4 4 >4 W ? @ . 4 4 / G

. 2 . / B

0 4 3 . 4 2 4 . ..

+ . 4 / 2 . 0 . + 0 0 4

2 4 4 2 . 0 4 + / 4

(17)

2 0 A ++ @ / 2 2 4 2

0 R + 0 + . 4 4 '

. .; . C . 4 + 4 4

1stLost of fertile soil.*K C + 4 0

0 4 4 C . . 4 .

. . 4 . 9 0 / 4 . . >4 ?

B . 4 2 4 . 2

.. 4 2 4 2 . 2 B .

8 4 / 4 . 0 2 2 . + 4 4

. 0 4 2 0 . 0 2 +

. 4 4 . 8 C

4 4 ' 4 4

. 0 + 2 4 . . 4

4 + .; 4 0 . / 2 2 4 .

4 + . 2 4 2 4 +

2 4 . 4 . 44 . 4 . / . . .

4 4 > 4?

2ndWeather and water unbalance.*K 4

/ 2 4 . 2 ; 2 + 4

2 4 0 4 2

. 4 4 8 . . . / .

. 4 / 0

2 4 . + . + 0

4 4 4 D . 0

0 ; 4

! 7

/ L. + *E E**% NN 2 ++. . ;NEN N

. 4 .NPH)&%E%

! "

! !

8 . . 4 2 /

2 4 <

4

8 4

. + *E/ E**%

#

MANILA Typhoon Durian may have killed up to 400 people in the central Philippines after

(18)

8 4 . .; 4 +

0 . / + + +

4 2 . 0 . 4

0 0 + 4

3d Lost of biodiversity.* 4 . . 0 . 2

. U 2 U < >K + / E**%?D 2

3 4 2 . + . + / + .

. 2 . . B . .

.; 4 + 4 . . . - + 2

< ; 4 4 . . 4 2 . 4 K

4 2 0 2 / ; 2 . .

. . .. . . . / 4

3 . 4 . / . 2 0 4

0 + + . 0 . +

4 . 0 . 4 .

4 . 0 9 + 4 . 2 2 + 0 2 4 .

2 0 4 . + / 4 4 .

.. + . 2 2 .

0 . @ . 4 .

0 . 2 . . 0 / /

B 8 + 4 . - . / 3 / 2

. 4 4 . / . / 2 . 4 . < 4 .

. 4 4 >.4 K L E**: ?/ . 4 . ,

+ + 4 . . 0 4 4

0 4 2 4 @ . 0 . A 8

4 4 4 B 0 . 4 / .

. . + 2 2 .

/ 2 . + . 2

0 . 4 ; D . 0 2

. 4 4 5 . . 6D . 0

+ D 5 6/ 4 .

0 / . .. + 0

4 . 0 0 8 . 0 0

(19)

K ) . 4 ; D B 5Fulfil all your desires. We celebrate one

year of avarice. Avarice vicious me6 8 B 4 0 . 4

. C + 4

. 4 . / . 4 5 . 6 2 4 .

L0 4 0 + 2 . 4 4

. 2 C 0 .

4 . + 4 / + +

+ 4 2 . + . 5Nowadays we know that

famines are created by policies, not by pests or droughts6 > / E**%? + 0

B . 0 2 . . 4

. + 2 + F + 0 4 . . 2

4 . 4 D

4 #B. . / 2 .; 4 4 .

4 . . 4 4 / 4 . 4 .

. 2 2 , / . / 4 / .

44 0 2 . / + 2 + 4 0 0

+ 5Above all, governments need to get out of the way, to cut restrictive tariffs, to remove state marketing boards, to allow businesses to work * because Africans are perfectly capable of feeding themselves if only they were allowed to.” /Ibid

4 4 . + 2 + / 2

2 ; . 4

3.1. Forest fires, who gets benefits from them?

K 4 0 2 B 8 . + 4 /

+ + 4

. 4 2 . . 4 . + .

/ 2 0 + 4 + + +

. 0 / 2 . K 4 0 + . +

. / . - . >9 ? 3 . /

(20)

. / + 2 ; 4 . + .;2 4

8 . 4 - . 2 2

2 ; / :* . 4 4 +

4 - . 44 4 4 4 0 / + >E**%? +

B . . 4 4 + + + 9

. + ; 2 4 4 / . 2 ;

. 0 2 2 ; 2 2 . /

. 4 # 4 4

. :)(* / . 4 4 .

. 2 . . 4 . 4 + . F

- . 4 2 4 . 4 #

. . 4 . . +

. . . 4

.. . 4 8 . +

+ 0 4 . . 2 0 4

. . . . / .

4 0 . 0 . 4 . 4

L 3 4 . :* 44 . 2 2 . + 4

H* 4 + 4 2 . E* ; 0 E**

>cf.9 / E**%? . .

+ 4 / 2 4 / / . / . /

. D . B . + 4

4 2 + .

+ . + 0 2 4 + . 4 0

4 . + . / + . 2 / +

. . / . / . 0 . 4

5 0 6 . 4 . / . 4 . +

4 2 . 0 2 / 4

. 0 .

$%&'' %&(& '&'

' " 9- 7 :(N*HNE**E

)*+) &%') ,

82 . 4 ! 0 4 0 + 0 4 . .

2 / E L. + E**%

(21)

+ 2 2 .

- " ! !

-8 9 2 . 2 4

4 . + .

+ . 4 4 4 2 . . 0

. +

8 . 4 0 4 2 +

+ 2 . 0 . 44 / . . ; 0 /

4 4 > 0 . 0 . ? +

4 4

@ 4 4 / 0 + 2 2 '

.. >! 7 /Ibid? 2 4

. / 0 . 4 .

4 4 + 8 4

+ 2 / + 4 4 2

$ 0 0 ; 4 2 4 . 4 .

4 0 A K 4 + @

. . 4 2 D 2 0

4 / .; 4 . 44 .

. + C + . 4 4 4 0

2

K :: ! . 0 2 4 4 4 !" . >' / 3; ?

8 C 2 . . 0

2 / 4 . 0 + 0 + 2 /

2 . C 4 4 4 4 / .

4 0 2 . 8 0 .

(22)

K :H 8 . 4 . + . 0 >+ 2 ?

4 > ?D ? . 0 . / +? . 0

. 4 :)(&/ :))& :))) @ 4

+ 2 . + . / .

. B

4 . 4 3 0 2 + 0 4

4 0 2 / 2 . 0 4 +

C 4 0 . 0

. 4 / + + . . B + .

(23)

8 0 . 4 . . 4 0 2 2 + 0

poorest1 4 2 / 2 +

K :& ! . 4 4 4 . .

. > . K / L 3 4 #. .

0 / 9 O @ ; - / E**E?

3.2. Island and coastal inhabitants, the main victims

+ . / . . + 4 + 44 . 4

.; 4 . 2 4 0 L . + E%/ E**&/

:

+ . .. + . / 4 / 4 2 / 4 /

(24)

4 2 . / 2 4

C ; > 9 2 ? 9 0 0 0

0 . 4 4 + 8 4 /

0 / 2 0 8 ; 8

0 0 / 8 2 4

0 4 > 9/ E**%? 5Two people died in the settlement with dense mangrove and scrub forest, while up to 6,000 people died in the village without similar vegetation”.>1 0 / 9 2?

0 + 4 .; 4

+ . 2 2 '

. 0 2 4 0 / 4 )& &

. : . $ >K L/ :)))? 4

2 + . / 4 . 4 / . . 4 2

4 4 .

L 4 ; 4 + 2 . 4 .

> . ? @ . A 2 / 0

/ 2 4 2 . C 0 4 0 D +

< . / + 0 . . 4 / .

4 . + 4 ! + ;

4 4 . 8 . 4 L. .

4 + 4 4 8 4 0 4

2 - . ! . 4 4

3. Discussion

G0 . B 4 4 + . 2 . . 2 2

! 4 4 4 + 4

0 2 . 2 4 4 4

+ / 44 + 2 K . 2

. + / F 0 C +

4 . K . 2 ; F 0

4 0 2 < . + 0 / 2

0 . . D . .; 2 + . 4 +

2 / + 2 ; 9 0 ; 2 0 F +

0 / + / 4 4

@ " 7 ! Bioethics/ B . 0

4 4 2 + bridge to the future :)))/ 4 B

. 0 . 4 3; 0 @

. . . 0 4 2 + 2 0 / 2 0

2 0 0 @ . 44 . 2 0

+ + 0 . . + 4

0 ; / 2 . 4 0 0 4 / . B

- + 0 + 4 + . 4 / 2 + .

+ / 2 + . 4 B 4 “Diversified local economies are stronger

than monocultures”> K7 / E**:? #. / 0 4 . .

$ 3 4 . / / / 0 / . 0 2

(25)

0 2 . . 2 4 . ! +

+ . . 4 2 4

@ / 4 9-L 5- 0 6/ 0

C + / E**% 2 B . 2

. 4 . 4 4 + 0 4 0

2 9 + 4 ! . E**& ; . 4 +

0 . 0 $ < . 0 0

. 2 4 4 . 2 + .

. 2 4 5GBM provides income and

sustenance to millions of people in Kenya through the planting of trees. It also conducts educational campaigns to raise awareness about women's rights, civic empowerment, and the environment throughout Kenya and Africa.”>- ? 4

0 4 . .

4 . 2 2 0 4 .

. 4 . + 2 ; 2 / B

0 + + 2 2 2 2 0 .

0 . 7 + 2 + 0 K < . 0

. 2 < 5Think globally, act locally6

5$ + # %

Peace should be understood in a human way − in a broad social, political and economic way. Peace is threatened by unjust economic, social and political order, absence of democracy, environmental degradation and absence of human rights.

Poverty is the absence of all human rights. The frustrations, hostility and anger generated by abject poverty cannot sustain peace in any society. For building stable peace we must find ways to provide opportunities for people to live decent lives.

The creation of opportunities for the majority of people − the poor − is at the heart of the work that we have dedicated ourselves to during the past 30 years.

F . " $ ! $ / 0112 9 + ' . / L / . + :*/

E**%

9 2 G ; 4 . 4 . 0 F +

0 0 . D + 4 . / 2 + /

2 . F + 4 E*J 4

+ 2 D E*J 4 .

(*J 4 . 2 4 2 + 0 0 2

: Xper / + + ; . 4 C / .

. + . 4 4 2 (*J .

+ + / 0 0 C D (*J 2 0

(26)

2 / + + + . D (*J 2

. 2 0 . + 0 7 . 4 .

. . + 2 4 ; F +

2 . 4 0 4 . 8 ; +

4 + . + . + 2 5developed6

5underdeveloped6 . 8 ; + ; 4 + B

Bibliography

9 2 Y Z NN 2 ++. . ;

. 4 3; 0 Y Z

NN222 N N .

K . L 3 Y:)))Z . 4 . .

0 Y Z

NN222 4 N . N NQ:*::#

- / T - / 7 @ . O ! ! /[= K + E**:]K L - +

K K :))* E*** Y Z

NN222 4 N L 7#!N**%N %PH#N %PH#** $8

- 0 /[ ] NN + 0 N B

$ 4 $ 7 [E* 9 0 :)P)] . 4 7 4

[ ] NN222 . . N N HN+NEP

K / L 3 4 #. .

0 / 9 O @ ; - / YE**EZ E*** + 2 4

Y / E**E T /( Z Y Z NN222 E: N+ 2 N

K 4 7 7 . . YE**:Z @

7 E**:Y Z NN222 4 . N + . N2 E**:N B

9/ 8 @ 0 [ E**%] 0 8

# C ; [ ]

NN222 . N . N ; N 4N 2 *&*% 0 4

' 0 / [= K + E**%]U' @ U K 8 0 4 9 2 .

9 . - . 9 2 [ ]

NN 2 . . N 2 NE**%N*EN*E*=[*%*E*=[ 2[ .

9 / YE**%Z 8 3 @ $ 7 . Y Z

NN222 2 . N . N B

! / " 7 :)=: . 4 # 2 44 ! . $

! / " 7 :)(( - + . ' ' . .

0 !

! . - + / T 3 ' ; 3 :))( ' HN:))(/ E=

K + / - ! .. \ + ! " . L ! " :H&& PHE: PH=) Y Z

NN222 ; N+ 0EN N:))(N*HN)(*:H&& 4] . ^JEE JE*.

(27)

7 / T O 7 @ 7 + YT :)))Z K 4 8 . K

. Y Z NN222 .4 .4 N N :E

/ E**& 7 A 9 $ 7 + / .

7 + ' 4 . . / + [ ]

NN222 + . + N N . 4

/ O _ / E**H 8 4 @ # . !+ ' / :&&

/ [:( L. E**%] 4 . . 4 4/ 4 2 ! .

9 2 ; [ ] NN222 . 2 ; N N . A . [ ^=(:

9# L/

[E**%]

@ , 7 + 8 9 @ @

0 7 E

[

]

NN222 . N2 N22 N22 EN + [.

9 #K/ 9 G K

[E**%]

0 &

7 . . Y Z NN222 . 4 N N.

9 [:))E] 7 4 9 4 . # 0

0 8 7 4 . Y Z

NN222 N . N N. 4:P:N . 4:P:E% : B:

[EH :))=] # 9 4 . # 0

0 Y Z NN222 N 4 N+ N 0

9 + / :)&( 0 . 4 $ 7 Y Z

Referensi

Dokumen terkait

Untuk menentukan nilai pada Keterangan dengan anak yang bernama Irfan Nulhakim menggunakan rumus..... Yang dimaksud dengan fungsi Sumif

Bahan Hukum Sekunder adalah semua publikasi tentang hukum yang merupakan dokumen yang tidak resmi, yaitu bahan hukum yang tidak mempunyai hukum tetap secara yuridis

berkenaan dengan pendirian usaha, sehingga usaha yang akan dijalankan dapat berjalan dengan baik.. Usaha jagung manis kukus ini

tujuan penelitian, urgensi, manfaat penelitian; definisi, konsep dan teori yang mendasari penelitian; definisi operasional, variabel, hipotesis, subjek penelitian, laporan

7. Apabila ternyata di kemudian hari terbukti bahwa pernyataan ini tidak benar dan mengakibatkan kerugian Negara maka saya bersedia mengembalikan

[r]

a) Calon penyedia barang/jasa merupakan perusahaan atau Principle yang memiliki pengalaman membangun proyek FTTx dengan pengalaman maksimal 5 tahun terakhir di

lebih kompetensi dasar dibandingkan dengan peserta didik lainnya. Pentingnya Modul bagi Kegiatan Pembelajaran.. Penyusunan modul memiliki arti penting dalam kegiatan