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T S
I
T TLEPAGE…………………………………………………………………...i O
R P P
A VALPAGE……………………………………………………………. ii P
E C C
A TANCEPAGE………………………………………………………...i ii
I S A K I L B U P N A U J U T E S R E P N A A T A Y N R E P R A B M E
L …………………...iv
… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … E G A P O T T O
M v
N O I T A C I D E
D PAGE…………………………………………………………vi N
K C
A OWLEDGMENTS……………………………………………………..v i i O
E L B A
T FCONTENTS……………………………………………………...v i ii T
S B
A RACT…………………………………………………………………….x S
B
A TRAK……………………………………………………………………...xi I
R E T P A H
C :I NTRODUCTION .. . …………………………………………...1
.
A Backgroundo ftheStudy ..…….………..1 e
l b o r P .
B mFormulaiton….……….……….3 y
d u t S e h t f o s e v it c e j b O .
C ………4
s m r e T f o n o it i n if e D .
D ………..4
W E I V E R L A C I T E R O E H T : I I R E T P A H
C …………………………………..7
.
A ReviewofRelatedStudies………...7 .
B Reviewo fRelatedTheo ires……….10 .
1 Theoryo fCharacte randCharacteirzaiton……….1 0 .
2 Theoryo fMotherhood………..1 1 .
C Theoreitca lFramework………1 8 .
D ReviewonAfro-AmeircanWomenUnde rSlaveryi n1850s………..19 .. . … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … Y G O L O D O H T E M : I I I R E T P A H
C 2 7
.
A Objec toft heStudy………..2 7 .
B Approachoft heStudy……….2 8 .
C Methodoft heStudy………2 9 S
I S Y L A N A : V I R E T P A H
C ……………………………………………………3 0
.
A TheAfro-AmeircanMother sCharacteirzedi nMorirson’sBeloved… 03 .
1 SetheSuggs………3 0 .
2 BabySuggs……….3 6 .
B TheMotherhoodo fAfr -o AmeircanWomenRelfectedThroughSethe s
g g u S y b a B d n a s g g u
S ……….4 1
.
1 Tradiitona lMotherhood……….4 2 .
a Other-Motheirng……….42 .
b Martfiocaltiy………45 .
c Cutlura lBea irng ..……….. 74 .
d Socia lAcitvism………. .49 .
x i .
2 Mother’ sAct sReflectedThroughSetheSugg sandBabySugg sare y
r e v a l S d r a w o t e c n a t s i s e R s
a ...……….5 1
.
a Runaway……… .52 .
b Infanitcide……….………..53 .
c Paritcipaitoni nRevotl( Movemen)t……….………...54 … … … … e d ir P d n a y ti n g i D t u o b a g n ir p s f f O e h t g n i h c a e T .
d . 5... 5
N O I S U L C N O C : V R E T P A H
C ……………………………………………… .5 7
Y H P A R G O I L B I
B …………………………………………………………….. .6 0 S
E C I D N E P P
A …………………………………………………………………6 3
x i d n e p
A 1 .TheSummaryo fTon iMorirson’ sBeloved ... ……….6 4 o
s ir r o M i n o T . 2 x i d n e p
1 I R E T P A H C
N O I T C U D O R T N I
.
A Backgroundoft heStudy
5 5 9 1 g n ir u
D -1968 ,the Civi lRight sMovemen temerged in the Untied
, s e t a t
S especially in Southern US .I twa swhen people stirved fo rreformaiton
l a i c a r f o s t c a e t a v ir p d n a c il b u p h s il o b a o t d e m i a h c i h
w discirminaitonandr acism
o r f A t s n i a g
a -Ameircans . Thi s reform movemen t in lfuenced Afro-Ameircan
r p x e o t s r e ti r
w es s thei r opinions . Mos t Afro-Ameircan wrtier s o f the itme
l a e v e r o t t h g u o s s r o h t u a e m o S . a c ir e m A n i e c it s u j n i l a i c o s d n a m s i c a r d e s s u c s i d
h t w o
h ei nsttiuiton o fslavery affected t hoseAfro-Ameircan swho were ilving a t
. e m it t a h t
o r f A e h t f o e n
O -Ameircan author swho have a grea tpassion to wrtie
n o s ir r o M i n o T s i y r e v a l s n i e fi l e h t t u o b
a .Shei sanAfro-Ameircanwomanwrtie r
e h t d e m r o f s n a rt s a h o h
w Ameircan ltierary landscape wtih he rpresence in the
f
A or -Ameircan l tierary rtadiiton .Through he rown useoft hespokenand w irtten
, d r o
w “She ha screated new space sfo rreader sto b irng both thei rimaginaiton s
a r u tl u c x e l p m o c e h t o t s t c e ll e t n i ri e h t d n
a l ,poilitcal ,socia landhisto ircali ssue so f
e m it r u
o ” (Andrews ,2001 :295 .)
s i d e z y l a n a e b o t s l e v o n g n it s e r e t n i s ’ n o s ir r o M f o e n
O Beloved .Thi snove l
n i y ll i e R ’ O a e r d n A . d o ir e p y r e v a l s e h t g n ir u d t e s s
i Ton i Morrsion and
f o c it il o P A : d o o h r e h t o
d e v o l e
B ,a nove lo fslavery and ti sa tfermath ,shows tha tslavery ,more n
a c ir f A e h t d e r e v e s , n o it u ti t s n i l a r u tl u c r e h t o y n a n a h
t -Ameircan
a s h g u o r h t s e il i m a f g n it a r a p e s y b e n il r e h t o
m le and by commodfiying
n a c ir f
A -Ameircan sa sprope try ,robbing them of thei rsubjecitvtiy and y
r o t s i
h (2004 :85 .)
i , e c r u o s e n il n o n a d e s a
B n a 1994 interview wtih Time magazine ,
n o s ir r o
M statedthats hewa srtyingt omakei tapersona lexpe irence:
n o it u ti t s n i e h t t u o b a t o n s a w k o o b e h
T —SlaverywtihacaptialS.I twa s
, n o p e e k o t o d y e h t t a h W . s e v a l s d e ll a c e l p o e p s u o m y n o n a e s e h t t u o b a
, s t s a l ti g n o l r e v e w o h , k s ir o t g n il li w e r ’ y e h t t a h w , e fi l a e k a m y e h t w o h
r e h t o n a e n o o t e t a l e r o t r e d r o n
i — tha twa sincredible to me (Jones ,
findaritcle .scom ,1997).
s ’ n o s ir r o M n
I Beloved (1987 ,) t hemain character ,Sethe,i sdepicteda sa
d li h c r e h s ll i k o h w r e h t o
m inorder ot protec therfroms lavery .Moreove ,rBeloved
e l p m a x e e n o s
i s o f Morirson’ snovel sdepicti ng theme o fmaterna l bond o r
y a s s e r e h n i s i w e L z i L . d o o h r e h t o
m The Monsrtou sPotenita lo fLove :Mora l
n i y ti u g i b m
A Morirson’ sBelovedandJaz zstatedt ha t“Morirson ,howeve,rt ake sa
e c n e l o i v f o d n i k r e h t o n a h ti w g n il a e d y b r e h tr u f p e t
s — a violence tha t i s
g n o r w d n a t h g ir f o s e it ir a l o p e h t n w o d s k a e r b e h s … . e v o l f o t c a n a y ll a c i x o d a r a p
a e r a ” y e r g “ e h t s e r o l p x e d n
a so fhumanl ove”( Lewis ,ltierature-study-on ilne.com ,
1 0 0
2 .)
t n e m e t a t s s ’ s i w e
L abovesitmulate sthewrtiert o ifndoutt hedeepanalysi s
d i s i h T . d li h c r e h s ll i k e h t e S n o s a e r e h t n
o e amoitvates t hewrtiert o i dentfiy t he
m a f o s e it il a u
q othe rand how i smotherhood re lfected in Mor irson’ sBeloved.
s e d m ’ I s k o o b e s o h t f o e n o e ti r w o t m e h
t perate to read” (Marren ,
o l c y c n
e pedia.com ,1997 .) Actually ,Morirson understands t hesigni ifcance o fhe r
n e k o p s n u “ k a e p s o t s e s o p r u p r e H . s r o h t u a e l a m e f r o f k r o
w -able” thought sand
a r u o c n
e gewomen nott o beslient by t elilng t hesto ire sshe fel twere nevert old ,
o r f A t u o b a s e ir o t
s -Ameircangi lr sandwomen ,ther acia landsocia lpressurest hey
. d e c a f
r e v r e s b o r e h t o e h t m o r
F s ,the wrtie rfound reference which analyzed
o r f A n o w e i v s ’ n o s ir r o
M -Ameircan motherhood . In term o f A -fro Ame ircan
o r f A t a h t s t n i o p n o s ir r o M , e l o r d n a y ti t n e d i l a n r e t a
m -Ameircan motherhood i s
t ,s u h T . e r u tl u c t n a n i m o d n i d o o h r e h t o m e h t m o r f t n e r e f fi d y ll a c i d a
r hewomen’s
o r f A n o s r e h t o m s a s e c n e ir e p x
e -Ameircan motherhood perspecitve sarealso t old
o M n
i rirson’ s novel . I ti sstated by Andrea O’Reilly in Ton iMorrsion and
Motherhood :APoilitcoft heHeartasi nt hef ollowingquotaiton.
n o s e v it c e p s r e p d n a , f o s e c n e ir e p x e s ’ n e m o w k c a l b n o p u g n i d li u B
n i , s i t a h t d o o h r e h t o m k c a l b f o w e i v a s p o l e v e d n o s ir r o M , d o o h r e h t o m
y ll a c i d a r , e l o r d n a y ti t n e d i l a n r e t a m h t o b f o s m r e
t dfiferen tthan the
) 1 : 4 0 0 2 ( e r u tl u c t n a n i m o d e h t n i d e b ir c s e r p d n a d e c it c a r p d o o h r e h t o m
e r a e r e h t , y ll i e R ’ O o t g n i d r o c c
A two interrelated theme so rperspecitve s
o r f A e h t h s i u g n it s i d h c i h
w - mA eircan rtadiiton o fmotherhood :frist ,mother sand
r a d o o h r e h t o
m e valued by ,and cenrta lto Afr -o Ameircan cutlure .Second ,i ti s
d n a l a c i s y h p e h t e l b i s s o p e k a m t a h w e r a g n ir e h t o m d n a s r e h t o m t a h t d e z i n g o c e r
ll e w l a c i g o l o h c y s
p -being and empowermen to fAfro-Ameircan people and the
o r f A r e g r a
l -Ameircancutlure.
a n o d e s a
B l lo fthedescirpitonand r eference sarestatedabove,t hewrtie r
s d n e t n
o r f A e h t t u o b
a -Ame ircan people who ilved unde rthe insttiuiton o fslavery ,bu t
o r f A f o d o o h r e h t o m e h t o s l
a -Ameircan women i n 1850 .sIn t hi sstudy,t hewrtie r
o r f A f o d o o h r e h t o m e h t n o s e s u c o
f -Ameircan women in 1850 sa sseen through
r e h t o m e h
t si nTon iMorirson’ sBeloved.
.
B ProblemFormula iton
d n u o r g k c a b e h t n o d e s a
B above ,the problem sare formulated into these
: s n o it s e u q g n i w o ll o f o w t
.
1 H eowa r theAfro-Ameircanmothers inMorirson’ sBelovedcharacteirzed?
.
2 Howi st hemotherhoodo fAfro-Ame ircan women on 1850sr elfectedt hrough
r e h t o m e h
t si nt henovel?
.
C Objecitve soft heStudy
i h c a o t s t p m e tt a y d u t s s i h
T eve two main objecitves .Frist , i taim sto
o r f A e h t w o h e b ir c s e
d -Ameircan mothers in Morirson’ s Beloved a re
d n o c e S . d e z ir e t c a r a h
c , ti i denitifesthemotherhood o fAfro-Ameircan women i n
s 0 5 8
1 a srelfectedt hrought heAfro-Ameircanmothersi nt henove.l
.
D De ifniitono fTerms
n i a tr e c t h g il h g i h o t r e ti r w e h t r o f y r a s s e c e n s i t i , l e v o n e h t g n i z y l a n a n I
a l p x e r e r a e l c a d n a s i s y l a n a e v i s n e h e r p m o c e d i v o r p o t s m r e
t naiton i n answeirng
e m o s e r a e r e h T . n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p e h
1 .Motherhood
Andrea O’Reilly in Ton iMorrison and Motherhood :A poilitc so fHear t
s e n if e
d theAfro-Ameircan motherhood t ha trefers t “o expeirence so fmotheirng ,
e l a m e f e r a h c i h
w de ifned and centered” (2004 :80 .) Referring to the study tha t
s e z y l a n
a themotherhood o fAfro-Ameircan women ,motherhood heremeanst he
o r f
A -Ameircan women expeirencing mothe irng who have powe rto conrto lthe
. y ti t n e d i d n a e l o r ri e h t o t s e t a l e r ti d n a , n e r d li h
c
.
2 A -fro American
e h
T deifniiton o fAfro-Ameircan refers to Black ro Negro in Ameirca
e w s r o t s e c n a e s o h
w r e p irmarliy from Wes tAfirca ;“Negro” in 1972 changed to
o r f A
“ -Ame ircan” (1978 : 95) . Sterilng Stuckey in Slave Cutlure : Naitonails t
a c i r e m A k c a l B f o s n o it a d n u o f e h t d n a y r o e h
t stated t ha t“Afro-Ameircanr eferred
p o e
p le o fAf ircan ancesrty in the Ameirca sto the land ,history ,and cu tlure o f
n i e l p o e p d e t a li m i s s a n u s a e c n e s e r p r i e h t g n i z i n g o c e r r i e h t e li h w , s r a e b e r o f r i e h t
7
I I R E T P A H C
W E I V E R L A C I T E R O E H T
.
A Reviewo fRelatedStudies
s ’ n o s ir r o M i n o
T Beloved i s a nove l tha t moslty tell s abou t the lfie r
f A f o e c n e ir e p x
e o-Ameircan slaves . tIt ell saboutt hesrtuggleo fAfro-Ame ircan s
ti d n a s e m it y r e v a l s e h t g n ir u d e l p o e
p atfermath , tis i mpacts t owardst hem and e
v i v r u s e l p o e p e s o h t w o
h int heril fie .Sethe,t hemain characteri nt henove,l i sa r e h n e h w n e r d li h c e e r h t r e h t o r e h l li k o t s e ir t d n a r e t h g u a d r e h s ll i k o h w r e h t o m
m o H t e e w S o t m e h t n r u t e r o t o i h O n i s e v ir r a e s s o
p e plantaiton in Kentucky ,
y e l k c u M
( lumina irum.com ,2002) .
d e v o l e
B i sbased on the story o f the Afro-Ameircan slave , Margare t o
h w , r e n r a
G ha sescapedf rom slavery i n 1856 i nKentuckyby lfeeing t oOhio ,a e
t a t s e e r
f . A posseo rslaveowne rarirved t o rertievehe rand he rchlidren unde r e u s r u p o t t h g ir e h t s r e n w o e v a l s e v a g h c i h w , 0 5 8 1 f o t c A e v a l S e v it i g u F e h t
o w t r e h d e ll i k r e n r a G . s r e d r o b e t a t s s s o r c a s e v a l
s -y -oear ld daughte rrathe rthan d
e w o ll
a he rto be recaptured .Dr .Pete rA .Muckley in hi sessay To Garne r n
o e t o N A : s e i r o t
S Margare tandSethei nandou to fHistory ,andTon iMorrison' s
d e v o l e
B states ,
e fi l , n if f o C i v e
L -longUnderground RairloadManandsomeitmePresiden t t e r a g r a M f o e s a c e h t d e li a t e d , ) 6 7 8 1 ( s e c n e c s i n i m e R s i h n i , f o e r e h t
.r e n r a
G He t here referred t o i tas t he case o fslavery which had "aroused h
t o y n a n a h t " , y h t a p m y s d n a t s e r e t n i r e p e e
h t r e h t a r d li h c r e h d e ll i k o h w r e h t o m e v a l s e h t ,r e n r a
G ansee tit akenback ,
y e l k c u M ( y r e v a l s o
t luminarium.com ,2002 .) ’
y e l k c u M m o r
F s statemen tabove , tii sobviously cleart ha tSethe ,aslave s
’ n o s ir r o M n i , r e h t o
m Beloved i sa porrtai to fMargare tGarner .The fac to f m
a s a e l o r s ’ e h t e S h g u o r h t n e e s e b n a c e fi l s ’ r e n r a G t e r a g r a
M other i n t henove l o
h
w k s ill he rchlid rathe rthan allowi rng h e to b e recaptured back to the Swee t .
e s s o p r o r e t s a m r e h y b n o it a t n a l p e m o H
t x e n e h
T review come sfrom Lau ire Vickroy in he ressay The Force r
e h t o M : e c r o F e h T / e d i s t u
O -Love and Regeneraitve Spaces i n Sula and Beloved .
e h
S wrtiest hati nMorirson’ s ifcitont hei nitmatel ovebetweenBlackmother sand o w t e s e h t s t u p e h S .) 7 9 2 : 0 0 0 2 ( s e c r o f e v i s s e r p p o y b d e t a rt li f n i s i n e r d li h c r i e h t
’ s r e h t o m f o s e l p m a x e s a s l e v o
n s passionatel ovefo rchlidren tha tha schanneled s
u o r e d r u m o t n
i sa ct a sshestates ,“theconfilctedi nterest soft hemothelryr oleare s e c r o f y b d e b r o s b a s i h c a e : e h t e S d n a a v E n e e w t e b s l e ll a r a p y n a m e h t n i t n e d i v e
t c e t o r p o t g n i y rt n i n e r d li h c r e h g n i m r a h p u s d n e h c a e d n a l o rt n o c r e h d n o y e b
. ) 8 9 2 : 0 0 0 2 ( ” m e h t
d r o c c
A ingt oVickroy ,EvaPeace’ sSulaand Sethe’sBeloved,themother s e
v a h , e v o b a d e n o it n e
m simlia r act s toward thei r chlidren .They killed thei r s
’ e h t e S , e s a c s i h t n I .t s o m m e h t d e v o l y e h t n e v e n e r d li h
c Beloved chooses ot kli l t
s t n a w e h s e s u a c e b n e r d li h c r e
h o keep he rchlidren safe from slavery .The n
i e c r o f e v i s s e r p p
o Beloved refer sto slavery system .Thus ,Eva’ sSula kill she r s
t n a w e h s e s u a c e b n o
s toendt hesuffe irngi nhe rson( drug-addictedPlum )anda s e
h s ,r e h t o m
a ha sexplainedt oherdaughte rHannahtha tshewantshi ssondie ilke s
r e h t o m e s e h T . n a m
r e d l e e h t s a s g g u S y b a B o s l a t u b r e t c a r a h c l a rt n e c e h t s i o h w , e h t e
S A -fro
r e h t o m n a c ir e m
A int henovel .
.
B Reviewo fRelatedTheories
s e s u r e ti r w e h T . y d u t s s i h t n i d e y o l p m e s e ir o e h t o w t e r a e r e h
T t hetheory
. d o o h r e h t o m f o y r o e h t d n a n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c d n a r e t c a r a h c f o
.
1 Theoryo fCharacterandCharacteriza iton
. e r u t a r e ti l h s il g n E f o e n il p i c s i d e h t r e d n u t u o d e ir r a c s i y d u t s s i h T h
T erefore ,to achieve the objecitve o fthe study ,the theo ire so fltierature are n
i n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c d n a r e t c a r a h c f o y r o e h t s ’ s m a r b A . d e il p p
a A Glossary o f
s m r e T y r a r e ti
L si themos trelevant t heory t o t he study .Character i sde ifned by ,s
w o ll o f s a s m a r b A
r e t c a r a h
C s aret heperson presented i nadramaitco rnarraitvework ,who , l a n o it i s o p s i d , l a r o m h ti w d e w o d n e g n i e b s a s r e d a e r e h t y b d e t e r p r e t n i e r a
y a s y e h t t a h w n i d e s s e r p x e e r a t a h t s e it il a u q l a n o it o m e d n
a —the dialog
o d y e h t t a h w d n
a —theaciton( 1993 :23 .)
n i g n i n a e m s ti d n a r e t c a r a h c f o n o it i n if e d e h t t u o b a s n i a l p x e y r o e h t s i h T
e h t n i d e t n e s e r p s i o h w n o s r e p e h t f o n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c e h T . s k r o w e v it a r r a n
.s e d u ti tt a d n a s e u g o l a i d r e h / s i h h g u o r h t n e e s e b n a c s k r o w e v it a r r a n
.
2 Theoryo fMotherhood
y d u t s s i h
T concern sabout et h A -fro Ameircanmotherhood and tii saimed a
o
t nalyze and t o identfiy et h motherhood o fAfro-Ameircan women in 1850 s o
r f A h g u o r h t d e t c e lf e
r -Ameircan mothers .To achieve the aim o fthe study ,the r
o e h t t s i n i m e f y b d o o h r e h t o m f o s e ir o e h
r e w o p m
e theri ichldren ,which i st o preserveand protect t hem from t heharm o f .
m s i c a r
o r f A e h t f o s k s a t e v if e r a e r e h
T -Ameircan rtadiiton o fmotherhood a s .s
w o ll o f s a s e t a t s
r e h t o
… -motheirng ,martfiocaltiy ,socia lacitvism ,providingahome-place , e n il r e h t o m e h t d n a , d o o h r e h t o m , s r e h t o m e v i g h c i h w , g n ir a e b l a r u tl u c d n a
o r f A n i e c n e n i m o r p d n a r e w o
p -Ameircancutlure .Mothersf romt hiss tieo f o r f A f o s k s a t e v o b a e h t h g u o r h t n e r d li h c r i e h t r e w o p m e y ti r o h t u
a
-o m n a c ir e m
A the irng . The chlidren ,in turn ,secure thi sempowermen t .)
8 1 : 4 0 0 2 ( e n il r e h t o m d n a s r e h t o m r i e h t h ti w n o it c e n n o c h g u o r h t
f o n o it a r o b a l e e h t s i g n i w o ll o f e h
T the ifvet ask sabove:
.i Other-Mothering
r e h t o s e n if e d y ll i e R ’
O motheirng a “s acceptance o fresponsiblitiy fo ra . ) 5 : 0 0 0 2 ( ” l a m r o f e b t o n y a m r o y a m t a h t t n e m e g n a r r a n i , n w o s ’ e n o t o n d li h c
o e h
T t -hermotheirngi sno tnecessarliybasedonbiologica lites .InAfro-Ameircan o
, e r u tl u
c t -hermother susually care fo rch lidren and cenrtal to Afro-Ame ircan y
ti n u m m o
c -motheirng .Chlidren orphaned by sale o rdeath of t hei rparen tunde r r o , y tr e v o p e m e rt x e o t n i n r o b n e r d li h c , e p a r h g u o r h t d e v i e c n o c n e r d li h c , y r e v a l s
i a m e r t o n n a c s n o s a e r r e h t o r o f o h w n e r d li h
c nwtiht hei rbiologica lmothe rhaveal l d
e tr o p p u s n e e
b by other-mother .s Moreove,r sti i emphasized t ha tother- tmo her s y
ti n u m m o c r
o -mother sa re no tonly in supporitng children bu talso in helping young mother swho ,fo rwhateve rreason, lack the preparaiton o rdesrie fo r
d o o h r e h t o
y ti n u m m o
c -based chlid care and respecitng other-mother scan serve a ciritca l o
r f A n i n o it c n u
f -Ameircancommun tiy (Colilns ,2000 :180).
.i
i Matrfiocaltiy
n o e z i s a h p m e t a h t s e r u tl u c e r a s e r u tl u c l a c o fi rt a m , y ll i e R ’ O o t g n i d r o c c A
r e d n e g r e t a e r g y b d e z ir e t c a r a h c d n a g n ir e h t o m s ’ n e m o
w equaltiy .I tmean stha t d
n a n e m o
w men areequali n t hef amliy .Martfiocaltiy doe snotr efert o domesitc e l o r a , r e h t o m f o e g a m i e h t f o e g it s e r p e v it a l e r e h t o t s e o d t I . e c n a n i m o d l a n r e t a m
t a h
t i scutlurally valued .Mother sarealso srtucturally cenrtali n t ha tmothe ra sa s i d n a s e c r u o s e r c i m o n o c e s ’t i n u n i k e h t r e v o l o rt n o c f o e e r g e d e m o s s a h “ s u t a t s
n i k n i d e v l o v n i y ll a c it ir
c -related decision making processes” (2000 :9-10) .I ti s e
c n e s b a e h t t o
n o fmales( male smaybequ tiepresent )butt hecen rtaltiyo fwomen s i s i s a h p m e l a c o fi rt a m s i h T . l a c o fi rt a m y t e i c o s a s e k a m t a h t s r e t s i s d n a s r e h t o m s a
s i t I . n e m o w d n a n e m n e e w t e b n o it a it n e r e f fi d f o m u m i n i m y b d e i n a p m o c c a
o r f A t a h t e s u a c e
b -Ameircanwomenalso a saneconomicprovide rand expeirence y
li m a f e h t n i y ti l a u q e r e d n e
g (2000 :9- )1 . 0
.i
ii Socia lAcitvism
t x e n e h
T task on motheirng is socia lacitvism .According to O’Reilly , o
r f A s i m s i v it c a l a i c o s s a d o o h r e h t o
m -Ameircan women’ sexpeirence a sother s
r e h t o
m haveprovided af oundaiton f o rAfro-Ameircan women’ ssocia lacitvism . e
s o p r u p e h
T o f thi s socia l acitvism i s to b irng people—chlidren and othe r s
r e b m e m y ti n u m m o c e l b a r e n l u
e l b a e b l li w y ti n u m m o c e h t f o s r e b m e
m to attain the sel f reilance and .)
8 : 0 0 0 2 ( e c n a t s i s e r r o f l a it n e s s e e c n e d n e p e d n i
. v
i Cutlura lBearing
o r f A , y ll i e R ’ O o t g n i d r o c c
A -Ameircan mother spas son the teaching so f l a r u tl u c f o n o it c n u f l a n r e t a m e h t h g u o r h t n o it a r e n e g r i e h t o t e n il r e h t o m e h t
o r f A e h t f o s e u l a v e h t n i n e r d li h c g n i z il a i c o s s n a e m g n ir a e b l a r u tl u C . g n ir a e
b
-fl e s p o l e v e d l li w d li h c a t a h t o s e n il r e h t o m n a c ir e m
A -esteema san A -fro Ameircan t n a n i m o d e h t f o m s i c a r e h t e g n e ll a h c d n a e v i v r u s o t m e h t e l b a n e l li w t a h t n o s r e p
f o y a w y b , s r e h t o m , n o it c n u f g n ir a e b l a r u tl u c s i h t n I . ) 7 3 : 0 0 0 2 ( e r u tl u c
, h t g n e rt s t u o b a s n o s s e l e fi l t n a tr o p m i t r a p m i , s e i u q o li l o s r o , g n o s , g n il l e t y r o t s
r u o
c age ,and p irde in Afro-Ameircan hertiage tha tenable ch lidren to refuse the f
o e g a m i g n il l o rt n o
c “blackness” pu tforward by the dominan tcutlure .I ti s n
e r d li h c k c a l b f i d e v e il e
b wantt o beablet o survive, theymus tknow t hesto ires , f
o s h t y m d n a , s d n e g e
l thei rancestor .s , g n ir a e b l a r u tl u c s i h t m o r
F the mother-daughte rrelaitonship o fAfro -o
r f A g n o m a p i h s n o it a l e r l a t n e m a d n u f e n o s i n a c ir e m
A -Ameircan motheirng . o
r f
A -Ameircan mother spas son t het orch t o t hei rdaughters ,who areexpected t o g
t x e n e h t e m o c e
b eneraiton o fmothers ,grandmothers ,o rother-mother ,st oguard n
o it a r e n e g e r u t u
f .These daughters ,who are connected wtih thei rmother sand s a y ti t n e d i d u o r p d n a g n o rt s a p o l e v e d , ) e g a ti r e h f o s s e n e r a w a ( e n il r e h t o
m A -fro
n a c ir e m
n i a l p x e o t s p l e h h c i h
w whyaboritonori nfanitcidewa sevenconsideredi nt hecontex t .)
8 5 : 7 0 0 2 ( ” d o o h r e h t o m f
o hS e point stha tthe exrteme system o fexplotiaiton ha s d
e p a h
s howAfro-Ameircanwomenexpe irencingmotherhood .WhlieAfro-Ame ircan s
t c a e s e h t , y r e v a l s g n it s i s e r n i s u o e g a r u o c e r e w n e m o
w (aboritonori nfanitcide )could d n a e c u d o r p e r o t d e c r o f d n a e g a d n o b o t n i n r o b g n i e b f o t c a p m i e h t t n a l p p u s t o n
v a l s e h t y l p p u
s eworkforce .Neve trheless ,Afro-Ame ircanwomenalsochoset or esis t s
e r p p
o sionbyt eachingt hei rchlidrenvalue sandpromoitngeducaitoni nt hehopet ha t e
v a l s a n i e v il d l u o w n e r d li h c r i e h t , y a d e n
o -frees ociety. d
o o h r e h t o
M ist he mos tconsisten tpar toft hel fieo faslave chlid,t houghi t a
m y have been t emporary .The values ,lessons ,and rtadiiton passed on by mother s o
r f A d e p a h
s -Ame ircan famliy lfie .Since the condiiton o fAfro-Ame ircan people’ s o
r f A , e v i s s i m b u s r o e v i s s a p e b o t m e h t w o ll a t o n d i d a c ir e m A n i s e v
il -Ame ircan
n e m o
w hadt o develop srtength rather t han gloryand fraglitiy ,and had t o be acitve e
v i s s i m b u s d n a e v i s s a p n a h t r e h t a r e v it r e s s a d n
a (Ltilteifeld ,wwwj.panafrican.com , )
9 5 : 7 0 0
2 .
.
C Theoreitca lFramework
e h
T oreitcally ,the review so frelated theo ire sare app iled to solve the c
a r a h c d n a r e t c a r a h c f o y r o e h t e h t ,t s ri F . y d u t s e h t f o m e l b o r
p teirzaitonareusedt o e
h t d n
if characteirsitc descirpiton sand the physica land menta l rtati stha tAfro -e h t y fi t n e d i o t d e s u s i d o o h r e h t o m f o y r o e h t , d n o c e S . e v a h s r e h t o m n a c ir e m A
t o
m herhood o fAfro-Ameircan women i n 1850 sa sseen t hrough t hecharacte ro f o
r f
A -Ameircan mother sin the novel .Th rid ,the review so frelated studie sare d
e il p p
d a h e r u t c u rt
s served to ifx rathe rthan to erase the disitncitve expe irence o fthe t
s t c e ri d n i d n a t c e ri d e h T . t s a
p ruggledagainstr acismweret hecore soft hehistory o
r f A f
o -Ameircans .Afro-Ameircan sadapte d to racia lbia sby developing and d
n a , s l o o h c s , s e h c r u h c : s n o it u ti t s n i l a i c o s n w o r i e h t g n il l o rt n o
c famliy network s
(Szwed ,1973 :49) .
In 1850s ,i twa swidespread Black churche sin No trhern ciite ssuch a s : 5 0 0 2 , tt o c S ( s e h c r u h c t s it p a B , n o it a g e r g n o c E M A , s e h c r u h c t s i d o h t e M n a c ir f A
) 3
9 . hT osechurche swereheld a sprotestt owardslaveryandracediscirminaiton s s
e ti h W y
b churches. I twa sfound tha tthe Afro-Ameircan spritiual swere the h c r u h c e l b i s i v n i e h T . r e h c a e r p l a m r o f n i e r e w s r e h c a e r p e h T . h c r u h c e l b i s i v n i
r o f s e it i n u tr o p p o m u m i x a m e d i v o r p o t p i h s r o w f o n r e tt a p a t e s s e v a l s e h t g n o m a
s ti g n o m a y ti v it a e r c d n a , p i h s r e d a e l , t s e t o r p , e d ir p e c a r f o n o it a r e n e g e h t
a l S . s r e b m e
m ve preache r created and developed such sermon s were o tfen o
r f A e h T . r e w o p t a e r g d e r e v il e
d -Ameircan spritiua lfuncitoned t o saitsfy severa l o r f A s n o i s s e r p p o e h t t s n i a g a o t t s e t o r p a , d o G n i h ti a f d n a t s e t o r p : s d e e
n
-) 5 3 1 : 4 7 9 1 , n o s p m o h T ( d e c n e ir e p x e n a c ir e m
A .
d e v o l e
B tookt hesetitngi n t hemidnineitethcentury ,around1830 s- 1875 . S
t a h t 0 5 8 1 t c A e v a l S e v it i g u F e h t e g a s s a p a s a w e r e h t s 0 5 8 1 n i , s u h
T outhern
e ll a c t a h t ” s n o it u ti t s n i r a il u c e p “ r i e h t t c e t o r p h tr o N e h t m o r f r e n w o e v a l
s d
a w t I . y r e v a l
s sanewl aw provided t ha tescaped slave shad t o ber eturned t ot he h
ti w h t u o
S a minimum o f lega l processing , and wtih stfi f penalite s fo r No trherner swho had aided them. In African-American :Voice so f T irumph ,
d
e h t , y ll a u t c A . n e r d li h c r i e h t e v o
l presenceoft hechlidrenalong wtih t hei rmothe r e
v a
g thecomfo trablef eeilngf o rmothe.r
, n o r e t a
L Passageoft heFugiitveSlaveAc t1850 made many f reedAfro -n
i d e v l o v n i n a c ir e m
A Underground Rairload and othe rgroup aboilitonist swho y
r e v a l s t s n i a g
a , sa in Af ircan-American :Voice so fTriumph ed tied by TimeLfie d
e t a t s s k o o
B tha t“Slavery,…the debate wa sfu trhe rin lfamed by a group o f e
e r f y n a m g n i d u l c n i , s e t a c o v d a e s e h T . s t s i n o it il o b a s a n w o n k s r e m r o f e
r d black
t u o h g u o r h t y r e v a l s f o , n o it il o b a r o , d n e t h g ir t u o e h t r o f d e ll a c n e m o w d n a n e m
.) 0 4 : 3 9 9 1 ( ” ,s e t a t S d e ti n U e h t
o r f A d e e r
F -Ameircan also took an immediate role in combaitng slavery a r d n u o r g r e d n u “ e h t s a n w o n k y lr a l u p o p s a w t a h w n i k r o w r i e h t h g u o r h
t irload”.
o r f A f o g n i d n a t s t u o t s o m e h
T -Ameircan womanwho aided t hefugiitvest hrough d n a r e v o s e t a t s e v a l s d e r e t n e e h S . n a m b u T t e ir r a H s a w d a o rl i a R d n u o r g r e d n U
o r f A d a e l o t n i a g a r e v
o -Ameircan to freedom. tI w sa found tha tthe A -fro o
s l a r e h c a e r p n a c ir e m
A involved in thi smovement a s“conductor” (Thompson , )
4 3 1 : 4 7 9
1 .
o r f A , s n o it i s o p p i h s r e d a e l y e k g n il li f o t n o it i d d a n
I -Ameircan served the o
it il o b
a nmovementi nvairetyo fways .Themosti mpo tran twast hepubilcaitono f s
e v it i g u f y b n e tt ir w s e v it a r r a n e v a l
s who had escaped from slavery .Scot tand n
i e d a h
S AnAfrican-AmericanReader :Slaverystated tha,t o
r f A e e r
F -Ameircan men and women pubilshed narraitves ,lectured ,and e
h t s a h c u s s r e p a p s w e n d e ti d
e Mirro ro fLiberty,t heWeeklyAdvocateand e
h
t Colored American in t hecause o fabo iliton .Thesepapers i ncluded a o
r f A e e r f g n i m r o f n i a d n e g a d a o r
: s e v a l s s a n w o n k d a h y e h t s b o j m r o f r e
p cooking ,cleaning ,and washing (Halrey n
r o b r e T d n
a -Penn,1978 :1 1 .)
o r f A , t c a f n i ,r e v o e r o
M -Ameircanwomen who ilved i nurban area shad t o s
a n e r d li h c d n a y li m a f r e h p l e h o t e v i v r u
s Halrey and Terborn-Penn i nTheAfro -s
e g a m I d n a s e l g g u r t S : n a m o W n a c i r e m
A statedtha,t
o r f A y n a
M -Ameircan women had t o ifnd employmenti nordert o survive ri
e h t p l e h o t r o s e v l e s m e h
t famliy survive .Sut tof ffrom the facto ires , e r e w , s a e r a n a b r u n i y ll a i c e p s e , s e l a m e f k c a l b y ll a i c e p s e , k c a l b d e ll i k s n u
. n e m o w r e h s a w d n a , s t n a v r e s , s d i a m s a e c i v r e s c it s e m o d n i k r o w o t d e c r o f
(1978 :9-1 0 .) o r f A e h
T -Ameircan women worked outside home a smaids ,servants , e
e r f , e d i s y rt n u o c e h t n I . s r e l d d e p d n a , n e m o w r e h s a w , s k o o
c d A -fro Ameircan
n i d e r o b a l s e m it e m o s d n a s e ti h W l a c o l r o f s e it i c a p a c r a li m i s n i d e k r o w n e m o w
e h
t ifeld sa swell .Marired freeAfro-Ame ircan generally held t wo j obs ;working it
s e m o d s
a coutsidet hehomewh lierunning t hei rown household s(Shade ,2005 : .)
7
9 Freed Afro-Ameircan tended to be predominately female ,a demographic e h t n i n o it i s o p r i e h t d n a n e m o w f o e l o r c i m o n o c e e h t d e t c e f f a h c i h w n o it i d n o c
t t u o h g u o r h t y li m a
f he counrty .Atlhough i tmay took forms ,the famliy wa sthe o
r f A d e e r f e h t f o n o it u ti t s n i c i s a
b -Ameircan communiites , providing the .l a v i v r u s s ’ y ti n u m m o c r o f y r a s s e c e n t r o p p u s l a i c o s d n a , l a c i g o l o h c y s p , c i m o n o c e
o r f A t s o m t a h t s w o h s h c r a e s e
R -Ame ircanwomenheadingf amiile shavetendedt o e
h t t a h t e l b i s s o p s i ti o s , s e it r o f r o s e it ri h t e t a l ri e h t n i e
b death soft hei rhusbands , t
o
o t g n i d r o c c
A An African-American Reader :Slavery edtied by Scot tand f o m e t s y s w o r C m i J e h t , r a W l i v i C e h t e r o f e b s e d a c e d e e r h t e h t g n ir u d , e d a h S
g n i s a e r c n i e m a c e b n o it a g e r g e
s ly restircitve .In t he itme of t he emancipaiton, t he o
r f
A -Ameircanpopulaitonpossessedf arf ewe rskills ,al owerl eve leducaiton ,and n o p u ) s t n a r g i m m i n a m r e G d n a h s ir I ( s t n a r g i m m i r e h t o e h t n a h t l a ti p a c s s e l h c u m
o r f A e s o h t n e v e , n o it a g e r g e s l a g e l d n a e c i d u j e r p f o e s u a c e B . l a v ir r
a -Ameircan
t s i c a r h ti w d e c a f y e h T . m e h t y o l p m e o t e l b a n u s e v l e s m e h t d n u o f s ll i k s d a h o h w
a g e l , e c i d u j e r
p ldiscirminaitonandt hecompeititonf romEuropeani mmigrantsf o r t
, s b o j l a i n e m t s o m d n a e v it c a rt t a t s a e l e h
t he economic stiuaiton o f Afro -d e e r f e h t d e n e k a e w s i s ir c c i m o n o c e s i h t ,s 0 5 8 1 n I . y l d a b d e t a r o ir e t e d s n a c ir e m A
o r f
A -Ameircan famliy and fu trhe r influenced the Black churches , beneifcia l .)
7 2
I I I R E T P A H C
Y G O L O D O H T E M
.
A Objec toft heStudy
s ’ n o s ir r o M i n o
T Beloved ,pubilshed i n 1987 i sregarded by most l tierary
d r a w A k o o B l a n o it a N e h t r o f d e t a n i m o n s a w t I . e c e i p r e t s a m s ’ n o s ir r o M s a s c it ir c
. F t r e b o R e h t ; d r a w A e l c ri C s c it ir C k o o B l a n o it a N e h t d n
a Kennedy Award, t he
d n a , d r a w A t r A s ’ r o n r e v o G e t a t S k r o Y w e
N the Washington College Ltierary
.s s e c c u s l a c it ir c d n a r a l u p o p s u o m r o n e h ti w t e m k o o b e h T . d r a w A
n i w o t d e li a f l e v o n e h
T the Naitona lBook Award because 48 Afro
-s o h w , s c it ir c d n a s r e ti r w n a c ir e m
A ignedastatement, pubilshedi n TheNewYork
w e i v e R k o o B s e m i
T lamenitng the fac ttha tTon iMorirson had been ovelrooked
, d r a w r e tf a y lt r o h S . e z ir P r e z ti l u P a d e v i e c e r t e y t o n d a h d n a d r a w a e h t r o f
s ’ n o s ir r o
M Belovedwont hePultize rP irzef o r ifcitoni n1988.I n1998 ,becauseo f
a n i d e r r a t s d n a d e c u d o r p y e r f n i W h a r p O , y ti r a l u p o p s ti d n a n o i s i v s ’l e v o n e h t
a 6 0 0 2 n I .l e v o n e h t f o n o i s r e v m li
f NewYorkTimessurveyo fwrtier sandl tierary
5 2 t s a p e h t f o n o it c if n a c ir e m A f o k r o w t s e b e h t s a t i d e k n a r s c it ir
c year .s
d e v o l e
B ist hes toryo far unaways lavewho ,whenshei srecapturedbyhe r
e h T . y r e v a l s n i p u w o r g r e h e e s n a h t r e h t a r t a o r h t s 'r e t h g u a d r e h s t u c , r e t s a m
d n a t s a p n e e w t e b y l n e d d u s n e v o w d n a , y r a t n e m g a r f s i l e v o n e h t f o e r u t c u rt s
s i t o l p e h T . e r u t u
.
C Methodoft heStudy
d n a d e r e h t a g s i a t a d e h T . h c r a e s e r y r a r b il s i y d u t s s i h t f o d o h t e m e h T
i n o T s i e c r u o s y r a m ir p e h T . s e c r u o s y r a d n o c e s d n a y r a m ir p m o r f d e if i s s a l c
: l e v o n s ’ n o s ir o
M Beloved a sbased evidence .The secondary source sare taken
b m o r
f ooks ,aritcle sand essays ,research repo trs ,and othe ravaliable p irnted
s l a ir e t a
m tha taregatheredf rom ilbraire sa swel lasf romothe relecrtonics ources .
Thereweresomestep sbeing usedin conducitngt hi sstudy.Thef ris tstep
e h t e s o h c r e ti r w e h t n o r e t a l d n a d e i d u t s g n i e b t n e m e l e e h t g n i d i c e d y b s a w
o r f A f o r e t c a r a h
c -Ameircan mothersin t he novel ;SetheSugg sand Baby Suggs .
e s u c o f r e ti r w e h t e c n i S . y d u t s e h t f o h c a o r p p a e h t g n i d i c e d s a w p e t s d n o c e s e h
T s
e h t n
o motherhood o fAfro-Ameircan women in t he peirod o fslavery in 1850s ,
s a w d e s u g n i e b h c a o r p p a e h
t thesocio-cu tlura lhisto ircalapproach .Thet hrid step
e r e w d e t a l u m r o f g n i e b s m e l b o r p e s o h T . n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p g n i k a m s a
w the
o r f A f o n o it p ir c s e
d -Ameircan mother ,s t hedescirp iton o fSethe Sugg sand Baby
c it s ir e t c a r a h c s ’ s g g u
S s ,and the motherhood o fAfro-Ameircan women in 1850 s
s g g u S y b a B d n a s g g u S e h t e S h g u o r h t d e t c e lf e
r .Thenex tstep wa sanalyzing t he
f m e l b o r
p ormulaiton by elaboraitng t he characteirsitc so fSetheSugg sand Baby
e h t s a s g g u
S A -fro Ameircan mothers ,and elaboraitng the motherhood o fA -fro
s 0 5 8 1 n i n e m o w n a c ir e m
A relfected through ht ose mothers .The las tstep wa s
0 3
V I R E T P A H C
S I S Y L A N A
e h t e b ir c s e d o t s i t s ri f e h t : s m e l b o r p l a rt n e c o w t s e z y l a n a r e t p a h c s i h T
o r f A f o r e t c a r a h
c -Ameircan mother sin Mo irson’ sBeloved ;the second i s to
o r f A f o d o o h r e h t o m e h t y fi t n e d
i -Ameircan women in 1850s .In answeirng the
, s m e l b o r
p the wrtie rretierate ssome o fthe key expeirence so fthe character sa s
o r f
A -Ameircanslavewomendepictedi nt hi snove,li ncludingt heril fieexpeirence
.t n e m e v a l s n e n i d o o h r e h t o m n o
.
A TheAfro-AmericanMother sCharacterizedi nMorsion’ sBeloved
tr a p s i h t n
I ,the wrtie rdescirbes how the Afro-Ame ircan mother sin thi s
d e z ir e t c a r a h c e r a l e v o
n .There are two characters o fAfro-Ame ircan mother sin
l e v o n s i h
t tha tare descirbed :Sethe Sugg sand Sethe’ smother- ni -law ,Baby
s g g u S .
.
1 SetheSuggs
e h t e
S ,a forme rslavemother ,wa sborn around 1830si n t heSouth by an
n e e b s a h e h S . n a m o w e v a l s n a c ir f
A separated f rom he rmothe ratt heageoft hree
d n a s k e e
w ha sbeen l e tfin t he care o fan eight-y -ear old chlid .He rslave mothe r
s a h w e n k r e v e n e h s e m a n e s o h
w few itme sto t ake care o fher ,a sseen through
e h t e
S ’ swordst ha t“Byt he itme Iwokeup i nt hemorning ,shewasi n ilne . fIt he
t h g ir b s a w n o o
e h
S -mus tnursed me two o rthree weeks—tha’t sthe way the other sdid” (1987 :
.) 0 6
n e e b s a h e h t e S e lt ti l e h
T nursedby na A -fro Ameircanwomannamed Nan .
s i n a
N descirbed a sother-mothe ro rthe non-biologica lmothe rwho nurses et h
y a d l l a s e i b a
b sand also cook sfo rthem .Nan wa sSethe’s other-mothe rwho
d e s r u
n A -fro Ame ircan babie swtih the othe rWh tie babies .At tha t itme ,racis t
e r u tl u
c ha shappened in enslavement i n term breasfteeding because she getsthe
e tf a k li
m r the Whtie s babie s ge t ti . Morirson desc irbe s Sethe’ s chlidhood
. s w o ll o f s a e c n e ir e p x e
d a h n a
N tonursewhtiebabie sandmet oo becauseMa’am wasi nt he irce . s
e i b a b e ti h w e lt ti l e h
T goti tfrist and Igo twha twasl etf .O rNone .There e h t t u o h ti w e b o t s i ti t a h w w o n k I . n w o y m l l a c o t k li m g n i s r u n o n s a w
d n a t h g if o t e v a h o t ; u o y o t g n o l e b t a h t k li
m holle rfo r ti ,and t o haveso
e lt ti
l (1987:200 .)
s a w e h t e S n e h
W achlid ,he rmothe rgave he ra namebecause he rfathe r
o r f A n a s a
w -Ameircan slave. I tshows tha the rmothe rloves he rthan the othe r
s e i b a b s e ti h
W sincesheha sgiven hername . tIi sstated through Nan’ sdialog t o
.s w o ll o f s a e h t e S
y a w a w e r h t e h s w e r c e h t m o r f e n o e h T . u o y t u b y a w a l l a m e h t w e r h t e h S
t u o h ti W . y a w a w e r h t o s l a e h s s e ti h w e r o m m o r f s r e h t o e h T . d n a l s i e h t n o
t u p e h S . n a m k c a l b e h t f o e m a n e h t e v a g e h s u o Y . m e h t w e r h t e h s , s e m a n
t o n d i d e h s s r e h t o e h T . m i h d n u o r a m r a r e
h pu the rarm saround .Never… I
.) 2 6 : 7 8 9 1 ( e h t e S l ri g l l a m s , u o y g n il l e t m a
n e e b s a h e h t e S g n u o y
A purchased by Mr .Garne rin the age of t hi treen
d l o s r a e
y .Sheworks ni theplantaitoncalled“Swee tHome” ,Kentucky ,whereshe
d n a d l o s r a e y n e e tr u o
f give sbi trh every year .She h s a three ch lidren :Buglar ,
, d r a w o
H andBeloved.
i o h w , r e n r a G . r M r e tf
A scharacteirzeda sagoodmaster ,passedaway,t he
e m o H t e e w S f o r e t s a
m plantaiton i s replaced by a cruel maste r called the
d e t a e rt e H . r e h c a e tl o o h c
s the slave sunpleasantly by complaining the slave sate
t s e r , h c u m o o
t e dtoo much, andt alke d too much( 1987 :220) .Hebeat sa ndburns
r e n r a G . r M t a h t e m o H t e e w S f o n e m e v a l s e h t p
u disallows it .Moreover ,the
s e k a t r e h c a e tl o o h c
s awayt hegunsf romslavemen ,anddep irveso fgamet or ound
x e e lt ti l a d n a s e l b a t e g e v , y n i m o h , s n a e b , d a e r b f o t e i d r i e h t t u
o rta a tslaughte r
y e h T . e m
it begin to pifle rin earnest ,and i tbecomes no tonly thei r irght bu t
l b
o igaiton .Everything they touch ha sbeen considered a ssteailng .I tmade the
y a w a n a r e m o H t e e w S f o s e v a l
s ,i ncludedSethe .
r e v o e r o
M , f o rSethe, et h harshr ealtiyi nSwee tHomemake swomenmus t
e
b sa srtong a smen . tI i sstated t hrough Mrs .Garner’ swordst ha t“ Iused to be
… . y n n e J , e l u m a s a g n o rt
s Tal land srtong .Thet wo o fu sonacord o fwood wa s
” , n e m o w t s a d o o g s
a (1987 :201) .Late ron, i n Sethe’sealry motheirng a tSwee t
, n o it a t n a l p e m o
H Morirson emphasizes how dfiifcul t ti si to provide a safe and
n e r d li h c g n u o y r o f t n e m n o ri v n e g n ir u tr u
n tt “ha ch lidrencanno tplayi nt hektichen
s r e tr a u q d n a e s u o h n e e w t e b h tr o f d n a k c a b g n i h s a d s i e h s o s , e r o m y n
a — ifdgety
d n a k r o w s ’ n e m r o f g n u o y o o t e r a y e h T . m e h t r e v o h c t a w o t g n i y rt d e t a rt s u r f d n a
d l o s h t n o m e n i n s i lr i g y b a b e h
t .Wtihou tMrs .Garner’ shelp he rwork i ncrease s
s d n a m e d s ’ r e h c a e tl o o h c s e h t o d s
n o it a u ti s t l u c if fi d e h t t a h t s w o h s t i , e v o b a s n o it a t o u q e h t m o r
F and
t n e m e v a l s n e n i n o it i d n o
c makes Sethe has to be protecitve ,brave ,srtength ,and
.s w o ll o f s a s e t a r o b a l e t I . h g u o t
e h t e
S i sa protecitve mother .I tcan be seen through the conversaiton
t c a e v it c e t o r p s ’ e h t e S f o y a w e h t t u o b a D l u a P d n a e h t e S n e e w t e
b toward he r
r e t h g u a
d asi nt hef ollowingquotaiton.
…
“ You can’ tprotec the revery minutes .Wha’t sgoing to happen when ”
? e i d u o y
” .t ’ n i a I n e h w r e h t c e t o r p l l’ I d n a e v il m ’ I e li h w r e h t c e t o r p l l’ I ! g n i h t o N “
. …
, t a h t n a h t r e tt e b o n u o y o t ti n i a l p x e t ’ n a c I . D l u a P , s i ti y a w e h t s ’t a h T “
ti y a w e h t s ’t a h t t u
b i .sI f Ihavet ochoose—wel,li ’t sno tevenachoice. ” .)
5 4 : 7 8 9 1 (
t o u q e h
T aiton aboveshows t ha tSethe does no thavea choice on how t o
t c e t o r
p the chlidren. Sethe’ sprotecitve ac tcan be seen as t he only t hing o rway
d l u o c e h
s d o wtih he rdesicion .Theothe rSethe’ sprotecitveac talso canbeseen
e e w S n i g n ir e h t o m y lr a e r e h n
i tHome where she worke d in the barn and the
. e s u o
h Moreover ,there was no rtee stha tslavemothe ro tfen hung the babie sso
they could watch ove rthem . Wha tSethe dd si i tying the ankle o fhe rson to
I “ t a h t s d r o w s ’ e h t e S h g u o r h t d e t a t s s i tI . ll e w e h t d n a e ri f e h t m o r f m i h t c e t o r p
I n e h w o S . w e lf I .. , ll e w e h t n o p u t o g e h e c n O . s e m it y n a m o s m i h t s o l o t d e k il
h r e tf a e e s t ’ n d l u o c I d n a g n i k o m s d n a g n ir e d n e r e b d ’ e w w e n
k im ,well , Igo ta
t o n t u b , e lt ti l a d n u o r a y a l p o t h g u o n e g n o l t s u J . e l k n a s i h d n u o r a t i d e it d n a e p o r
.) 0 6 1 : 7 8 9 1 ( ” e ri f e h t r o l l e w e h t h c a e r o t h g u o n e g n o l
n a m o w e v a r b a s i e h t e
S .I tcan be seen whlie she ha sbeen being sixth
t n a n g e r p h t n o
e m o
H to Cincinnait t o ilvewtih he rmother- ni - wla ,Baby Sugg .s Pau lD ( aslave
) n o it a t n a l p e m o H t e e w S n i n a
m descirbe sSethe’ sbraverytha t
y b t a s e h s r a e y e h t g n i d u l c n i r a e y y r e v e t n a n g e r P . n a m o w s ’ e ll a
H thef rie
y d a e rl a d a h e h s n e r d li h c e e r h t r e H . n u r o t g n i o g s a w e h s m i h g n il l e t
e h t g n i s s o r c s e o r g e N f o n a v a r a c a n i s r e h t o f o d a o l n o g a w a o t n i d e k c a p
h ti w t f e l e b o t e r e w y e h T . r e v
ir Halle’ smothe rnea rCincinnait (1987: .9 )
a s i e h t e
S srtongandt ough woman becausewhen sheescapesfrom Swee t
n e r d li h c e e r h t r e h h ti w n o it a t n a l p e m o
H whlies is he sixth month pregnan twtih
e m it t a h t t a d li h c h tr u o f r e
h ,actuallyshei salone .He rhusband ,whoha spromised
, r e h h ti w y a w a n u r o
t ha sdisappeared on the day when s eh givesbi trh he rfou trh
e h s n e h w y e n r u o j e h t n i d li h
c escapesfromSwee tHome . tIi sstated t hrough t he
n o it a s r e v n o
c betweenSetheandPau lDasf ollows.
” ? t n e w e ll a H y a s e h s n e h W “
y tf if n e e t h g i E
“ -ifve .Thedaymybabywa sborn.”
. d e l k c u h c e H ” .t i e k a m d ’ u o y t h g u o h t r e v e N ? u o y d i d , y b a b t a h t d a h u o Y “
” .t n a n g e r p f o g n i n n u R “
” . g n it i a w o n e b t ’ n d l u o C . o t d a H “
” . o o t fl e s r u o y y b l l A “
.) 8 : 7 8 9 1 ( ” e m d e p l e h l ri g e ti h w A . fl e s y m y b l l a t o N . fl e s y m y b t s o m l A “
e v it i g u f a s i e h
S slave woman who succeed sto carry away he rchlidren
s e v il d n
a wtih he rmothe rin law a t124 Bluestone Road ,Cincinnait ,Ohio .She
y l n o y li p p a h s e v
il twenty-eigh tday sunit lthe schootleache r ifnds he rand the
n e r d li h
c .Undert heFugiitveSlaveAc t1850t heschootleache rwa sallowed acros s
o i h O ( h tr o N e h t o
t a sa free state )and recaptured the runaway slaves .Sethe’ s
r e h t a r y b a b r e h l li k o t s e s o o h c e h s n e h w n w o h s s i y r e v a r
b thanallows he rchlidren
n r u t e
r intos lavery .InSethe’ scase,t heWhtie saboilitonisEdwardBodwinandthe
e r a w a l e D f o s e i d a L d e r o l o
