CHAPTER II
THEORITICAL REVIEW
A. KTSP (Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan)
KTSP is an aberration of “Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan” which
develops appropriately in the unit of education, school/area characteristic, school/area potential, social culture of local society, and student’s characteristic.
Every school and school committee develop the education unit level curriculum and syllabus based on curriculum planning and standard of graduate competence, under the supervision of regency/city education department which is responsible in the field of education held in each school.
According to Mulyasa (2006:12) KTSP is the operational curriculum which is compiled, developed, and implemented by every unit of education which is ready and could develop. It can be seen in law No 20/2003 about National Education System taken from 36, subsection 1 and 2, are:
1. Curriculum development is aimed at standardizing national education.
2. Curriculum in all of education aspect and kinds of education developed by diversification principle suitable with unit of education potential of zone and students.
B. Components of KTSP
Muslich (2007:12) in KTSP dasar pemahaman dan pengembangan said that KTSP has four components; they are the level education unit of education purpose, structure and content of KTSP, calendar of education and syllabus, and teaching implementation planning.
1. Component of level education unit of education purpose
The formulation of level education purpose referred to education general purpose as follows:
a. Based education purpose is to put an intelligent base, knowledge, personality, a good character, also skill for standalone life and follow of high education.
b. Secondary education purpose is to increase intelligent, knowledge, personality, a good character, also skill for standalone life and follow of high education.
c. Secondary of vocational education purpose is to increase intelligent, knowledge, personality, a good character, also skill for standalone life and follow based on vocational.
2. Component of structure and content of KTSP
Structure of KTSP in basic education and secondary education level from standard of content that are developed from subject matter groups, as follows:
It can be implemented by religion activity, civics, personality, science and technology, aesthetic, materialism, sport and healthy.
b. Group of subject of civics and personality
It can be implemented by religion activity, good morals, civics, language, art and culture, and also materialism education.
c. Group of subject of science and technology
It can be implemented by language activity, mathematics, and science of nature, science of social, skill, vocational, and information and communication technology.
d. Group of subject of aesthetic
It can be implemented by language activity, art and culture and skill. e. Group of subject of materialism, sport and healthy
It can be implemented by materialism, sport, and education of health and science of nature.
3. Component of education calendar
4. Syllabus and teaching planning implementation
Syllabus is presented of standard competence and base competence in the main subject, learning activity and indicator of competence achievement to evaluation.
C. Characteristic of KTSP
Mulyasa (2006:29) suggest in KTSP that there are four characteristic as follows:
1. Giving of area autonomy to school and education unit
By area autonomy, each school has freedom to make decision to increase education quality by with different way depend on that school. 2. The society and student parent’s participant
The implementation of curriculum in KTSP is supported by the society and student parent’s participant, they not only support by the financial, but
through school committee and education council which formulate and develop programs which purpose to increase learning qualities.
3. Democratic and professional leadership
Headmaster in each school must have high professionally in lead the school and democratic in making decision to increase the education quality. 4. Team work which cohesive and transparent
5. Component of education calendar
Unit of education can arrange for education calendar based on area requirement, school characteristic, pupil requirement and society by paying attention to the education calendar that is written in standard of content. 6. Syllabus and teaching planning implementation
Syllabus is presented of standard competence and base competence in the main subject, learning activity and indicator of competence achievement to evaluation.
D. Teaching and Learning Process in KTSP
In KTSP teaching learning process it involves three things: pre-test, competence establishment, and post test. Below are the descriptions of each:
1. Pre test
There are at least 3 purposes of pre test: First, pre test is used for preparing students in the learning process. Second, to know students progress, connected with the learning process will do. The last, to know the students ability before they get the material.
2. Competence establishment
can uses the method and teaching learning strategies, such as: inquiry method, discovery, problem solving, etc.
3. Post test
There are at least 3 purposes of the post test: First, to know the students ability, whether individually or group. It can be seen by comparing the pre test and post test result. Second, to know the students who need to follow the remedial activity and the difficulties of the learning process. Third, as the references subject (teacher) to do reparation towards learning activity and forming competence that have been done.
E. Management of Teaching and Learning Process in KTSP
Management of teaching and learning process in KTSP, those are classroom management, material management, activity and time management, student’s management and resource of study.
1. Classroom management
2. Material management
Material management in teaching learning process includes: First, thematic learning. Second, prepare question and feedback which have meaning to the lesson. The last, prepare of evaluation program to all students to do work.
3. Activity and time management
Teaching learning process usually decided in three big activities, such as: first activity, gist activity, and closing activity.
4. Student management
Usually every class have student with different ability from each other. In here teacher should arrange student when they work individually or in pairs, for example: mixed student which have high ability with low ability when they work in pairs, it is purposes to make student who have high ability help the other who have low ability, to increase education quality. 5. Learning resource management
