INVESTASI PADA
INSTRUMEN
EKUITAS
PENDAHULUAN
Perusahaan mempunyai motivasi yang
berbeda untuk melakukan investasi dalam sekuritas yang diterbitkan oleh perusahaan.
Salah satu motivasinya adalah untuk
mendapatkan tingkat pengembalian yang tinggi.
Motivasi lain dari berinvestasi (dalam
sekuritas ekuitas) adalah untuk
Investasi pada Instrumen ekuitas
mencerminkan kepemilikan atas saham yang diterbitkan oleh entitas lain. PSAK 50 (revisi 2014) dinyatakan bahwa investasi pada
Instrumen yang keuangan yaitu Aset Keuangan.
Menurut Undang-Undang No. 40 tahun 2007
tentang peseroan Terbatas, saham
memberikan hak kepada pemiliknya untuk:
1. Menghadiri dan mengeluarkan suara RUPS
2. Menerima Pembayaran dividen dan Sisa Hasil Likuidasi
Hak Suara yang di miliki oleh Investor
memungkinkan investor mempengaruhi atau mengendalikan kebijakan PT. Berbeda jika berinvestasi dengan Hutang, dimana investor hanya menerima bunga dan pengembalian pokok piutang saja.
Hak investor pada instrumen Ekuitas tidak
Levels of Influence
•
<20%
presumes lack
of significant influence
fair value (cost)
method
•
20% to 50%
presumes significant
influence
equity
method
•
>50%
presumes
Fair Value/Cost
Method
Mengacu pada PSAK 55 (Revisi 2014)
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Fair Value (Cost) Method
FASB Statement No. 115
Pil buys 2,000 shares of Sud for $100,000 and
does not have significant influence over Sud.
Pil receives $4,000 in dividends from Sud.
Investment in Sud (+A)
100,000
Cash (-A)
100,000
Cash (+A)
4,000
Fair Value Method, at
Year-end
Allowance to adjust available-for-sale
securities to market value (+A) 21,000 Unrealized gain on available-for-sale
securities (+SE) 21,000 If fair value of increases to $120,000 and the Investment in Sud
account balance is $99,000.
Reduce dividend income recognized, if needed
Adjust investment to fair value
Dividend income (-R, -SE) 1,000
Investment in Sud (-A) 1,000 If Pil determines that cumulative dividends exceed its cumulative share of income by $1,000.
Equity Method
Equity Method
At acquisition: Pil buys 2,000 shares of Sud for
$100,000.
Pil receives $4,000 in dividends from Sud.
Investment in Sud (+A)
100,000
Cash (-A)
100,000
Cash (+A)
4,000
Investment in Sud (-A)
4,000
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Equity Method, at
Year-end
Pil determines that its share of Sud's income is
$5,000.
The ending balance in the Investment in Sud is:
$100,000 cost - $4,000 dividends
+ $5,000 income
= $101,000
Investment in Sud (+A)
5,000
Pengaruh Signifikan
Pengaruh Signifikan adalah kekuasaan untuk
berpartisipasi dalam keputusan kebijakan keuangan
dan operasional investee, tetapi tidak
Pengaruh Signifikan oleh investor umumnya dibuktikan dengan satu atau lebih indikator berikut ini:
Keterwakilan dala, dewan direksi dan dewan
komisaris atau setara di investee;
Partisipasi dalam Proses pembuatan kebijakan
termasuk partispasi dalam pengambilan keputusan tentang dividen atau distribusi lainnya;
Adanya transaksi materila antara entitas
dengan investee;
Acquisition of Sloan Stock
At acquisition, Payne pays $2,000 cash and issues common stock with a fair value of
$3,000 and par value of $2,000. Payne also
pays $50 to register the securities and $100 in consulting fees.
Investment in Sloan (+A) 5,000
Cash (-A) 2,000
Common stock, at par (+SE) 2,000 Additional paid in capital (+SE) 1,000 Additional paid in capital (-SE) 50
Investment expense (E, -SE) 100
Cash (-A) 150
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Cost/Book Value
Assignment
Investment in Sloan $5,000 Less 30% book value = 30%(12,000) 3,600
Excess of cost over book value $1,400
Assigned to: Amount Amortization Inventories 30%(+1,000) $300 1st year Other curr. assets 30%(-200) (60) 1st year Equipment 30%(+3,000) 900 20 years Note payable 30%(+200) 60 5 years Goodwill (to balance) 200 None
Dividends and Income
Payne receives $300 dividends from Sloan.
Sloan reports net income of $900.
Payne will recognize its share (30%) of Sloan's
income, but will adjust it for amortization of the differences between book and fair values.
Cash (+A)
300
Investment in Sloan (-A)
300
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Amortization and Investment Income
Cost/book value
differences: amountInitial 1
st year
amort. excess at year-endUnamortized Inventories $300 ($300) $0 Other current assets (60) 60 0 Equipment 900 (45) 855 Note payable 60 (12) 48
Goodwill 200 0 200
Total $1,400 ($297) $1,103
Year-End Entry & Balance
Record the investment income
The ending balance in the investment account
is:
5,000 – 300 + 603 = 5,303
Cost – dividends + investment income
Investment in Sloan (+A)
603
Income from Sloan (R, +SE)
603
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