i
FINAL PROJECT
THE EFFECT OF AIR FLOW VELOCITY IN COPING
WOOD GASIFICATION TOWARD COMBUSTION
TEMPERATURE AND EFFECTIVE COMBUSTION TIME
This Final Project Has Been Arranged As a Requirement to Get Bachelor Degree of Engineering in Automotive Department of
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DEDICATION
This research paper is dedicated to:
Allah SWT,
Thanks for the guidance and my blessed life.
My mom, mom, mom, and dad
Thanks for your love, affection and support. You always help me in the tough
times.
All of my families,
Thanks for your prayer, support and help.
All of my friends,
MOTTO
If you can t beat them, die with them. (Dhimas Cahyo)
vii ABSTRACT
Nowadays, coping wood is one of the most reliable solutions for alternative energy. Coping wood can produce methane by using gasification technology. By those facts, this research has been held to find out the effect of air flow velocity toward combustion temperature in lumber gasification.
The first step of this method applied four variation of air flow velocities such as v=7.6 m/s, v=6.9 m/s, v= 5.6 m/s, and v=4.2m/s. Temperature measurements were recorded every minute, and by the height and deepness of fire. Thermocouple has been put at the centre-bottom of fire for recording temperature changing in every minute. By the height of fire temperature measurement, the thermocouple put at the outer bottom, middle, and top of fire.
The result of experiment which measured the highest temperature from each air flow velocity variation refers at v=7.6 m/s is 5710C, at v=6.9 m/s is 6000C, at v=5.6 m/s is 6200C, and at v=4.2m/s is 6090C. Whereas the temperature measurement based on the height of fire show results such as, at v=7.6 m/s, T1=4720C, T2=4400C, T3=4300C. At v=6.9 m/s, the results are
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Assalamu alaikum Warohmatullahi Wabarokatuh
Alhamdulillahhirobbil alamin. Praise and gratitude to Allah SWT, The Lord of The Universe, because of His blessing and guidance this research
paper has been done.
The final project entitles The Effect of Air Flow Velocity in Lumber
Gasification Toward Combustion Temperature has been done because of
helping and supporting from other people. Therefore, writer sincerely would
like to say thanks and appreciation to:
1. Ir. Sri Sunarjono, MT, Ph.D., as the Dean of Engineering Faculty of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2. Dr. Tri Widodo Besar Riyadi., as the Head of Mechanical
Engineering of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
3. Wijianto,ST.M.Eng.Sc., as the Head of Automotive Engineering
Double Degree Program of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
4. Ir. Subroto, MT., as the First Supervisor who has given researcher
inspiration, spirit, advices, suggestions, and corrections to the paper
completion.
5. Wijianto,ST.M.Eng.Sc., as the Second Supervisor who has given
CONTENTS
TITLE... i
DECLARATION OF RESEARCH AUTHENTICITY ... ii
APPROVAL ... iii
LIST OF FIGURES ... xiii
LIST OF TABLE... xv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background ... 1
1.2 Problem Statement ... 2
1.3 Problem Limitation ... 2
1.4 Objective of Study... 3
1.5 Outcome ... . 3
1.6 Research Method ... . 3
1.7 Writing Structure ... . 4
xi 3.1 Flow Chart of Engine Test ... 12
3.2 Equipment and Material of Research... 13
3.2.1. Research Equipment ... 13
3.2.2. Material ... 18
3.3 Experiment Procedures ... 20
3.4 Temperature Measurement Method ... 21
3.4.1.Temperature Measurement Based on Height of Fire ...21
3.4.2. Temperature Measurement Based on Deepness of Fire ... 22
3.4.3. Temperature Measurement per Minute... 22
CHAPTER IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Coping Wood Experiment with 7.6 m/s Air Velocity ... 23
4.2 Coping Wood Experiment with 7.6 m/s Air Velocity ... 25
4.3 Coping Wood Experiment with 5.6 m/s Air Velocity.. 27
4.4 Coping Wood Experiment with 4.2 m/s Air Velocity.. 29
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGESTION
5.1 Conclusion... 34
5.2 Suggestion... 35
xiii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1 Type of gasification flow system ... 11
Figure 3.1 Research Flowchart... 12
Figure 3.2 Dimension of Gasification Furnace... 13
Figure 3.3 Burner... 14
Figure 3.4 Reactor... 14
Figure 3.5 Ash Chamber ... 15
Figure 3.6 Blower ... 15
Figure 3.7 Thermoreader... 16
Figure 3.8 Thermocouple ... 16
Figure 3.9 Stopwatch... 17
Figure 3.10 Anemometer... 17
Figure 3.11 Analog Scale ... 18
Figure 3.12 Coping Wood with 10 mesh size... 19
Figure 3.13 Glasswool... 19
Figure 4.1Temperature movement at v=7.6 m/s air flow.... .. . 23 Figure 4.2Temperature movement at v=6.9 m/s air flow.. 25 Figure 4.3Temperature movement at v=5.6 m/s air flow .. 27 Figure 4.4Temperature movement at v=4.2 m/s air flow .. 29 Figure 4.5Temperature movement comparison from air flow velocity
variations . .. . 31
Figure 4.6Comparison temperature distribution . .. 31 Figure 4.7Comparison Tiand Tt between those various air flow
xv
LIST OF TABLE
Table 2.1Producer gas composition .. .. 10 Table 4.1Temperature record based high and deepness of fire with
7.6 m/s air flow velocity. ... . 24
Table 4.2Temperature record based high and deepness of fire with
6.9 m/s air flow velocity 26
Table 4.3Temperature record based high and deepness of fire with
5.6 m/s air flow velocity... 28
Table 4.4Temperature record based high and deepness of fire with
