The Effectiveness of the Existential Therapy Component The Method of the Group On the Quality Communication Patterns Couples The Stage of Marriage

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South Journal of Educational Psychology and Counseling

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The Effectiveness of the Existential Therapy Component The Method

of the Group On the Quality Communication Patterns Couples The

Stage of Marriage

Elham Fanaie* 1, Dr. Ahmad Amani 2 and Dr. Naser Yossefi 3

1-2-3.

Department of Counseling, Kordestan University, Kordestan, Iran

*Corresponding author:Elham Fanaie

To cite this paper: Fanafi, E., Amani, A. & Yossefi, N. (2017). The effectiveness of the Existential therapy component The method of the Group On the quality communication patterns Couples The stage of marriage. South journal of Educational Psychology and Counseling, 4, 1, 8-18.

Abstract

This research execute With the aim of determining The effectiveness of the Existential therapy component method of the Group On the quality communication patterns Couples Female students The stage of marriage. in the one research semi experimental With a plan pre -Test and past-test With the group control The number of Ten couples the stage of marriage Kurdistan University choice In the form of Randomly And in the two group Impacted experiment and control .experiment group for Ten sessions Ninety-minute To form

Experience group the Existential therapy and control group don’t Receive any Interposition.

With the use of the Questionnaire communication patterns Christensen and salavy Stand at The two stage case Test . The data of the Questionnaire with use Software spss21 and The statistics method Analysis of covarians Impacted case Analysis . The finding Indicate That after Interposition, The test group experiment In the variable communication patterns Demand/withdraw and Emotional reactivity showing decrease Meaningful In comparison with the control group (P<05.0) also The variable mutual Constructor communication patterns showed increasing Meaningful In comparison with the control group (P<05.0).The results of this research show the Existential therapy component On the improvement of the quality communication patterns Couples The stage of marriage There is effective role.

Introduction

Couples of the marital relationship started With thousands of hope and Wishing ,Hope to get an understanding ,Getting accepted ,Awarded sensitive Take care and feel secure, The intense interest and Nexus Stable .But this hope very soon Encounter With the truth about love Desires, and needs are not coordinated, Anger and nervousness Became Creates a distance Between couples ,The judgments they make it difficult to accept potty Solitude rather than intimacy And being together takes place (rafei, jaberi g jazayeri ,2014).

The marital relationship is Almost The majority originate Unhappiness , any other relationship Like it can not be Two mature man that might Have each other little understanding the close For a lifetime To each other. For a marriage Happy and Coordinator need Couples to communicate Effective ( . Karahan , 2007) One way of looking at the The structure of family communication This is the communication channel When it's through With each other Pay .To interact Be paid To those of communication channels It happens Abundance in a family said Communication patterns (rafei ,jaberi g jazayeri ,2014) Christensen and salavy (salavy g Christensen , 1991) The patterns of communication between couples They are divided into three categories :The pattern of Mutual Constructor :The most important feature of this pattern is that ;Communication pattern of couples a kind of win-win .In this pattern the couples to easily About the issues And their conflicts The dialogue Come on it

Looking to solve And They refused irrational reactions, Aggression and… .The

finding showed of the purmin and carey(carey g purmin ,1998)and Blanger(Blanger ,1999) To understand the And listen is That the characteristics of the pattern Mutual constructorcommunication Improve relationships There is a significant impact. The pattern Demand/withdraw: This pattern consists of two parts; (A) Man Demand/ withdraw woman (B) Women Demand /withdraw the man This pattern has been to form a cycle That with the increase of one ,Increased another And aggravation of this pattern will be Lead to permanent problems couples.

issues is The Referral The deep questions discussed that About the nature of human being, Anxious ,despair, alone and the isolation And instead of removing the discretion of the individual, On the relationship Reference And the therapist, Facing honest and change As an Action honest And daring The emphasis of the reference ( corsini ,2003). In this manner Work the rapist Mostly logical challenge And the rational with the reference Up to the level of aware And his understanding of the Of life and increase it issues(Hasanabadi ,2006).

Although the approach In the area of psychology As A common situation For all people Without regard to the culture ,Religion, ethnicity and race Deeper issues And pivotal Pay, such as :Lonely ,Frivolity ,Death and freedom.(Udo ,Melin ,Denilson ,2011) .This approach Instead of emphasis on improving the sickness Or to work Absolute The techniques of Problem solving for the A difficult task An authentic life ,Has the focus on the understanding of freedom, His honest and express of the responsibility This collaborative approach The approach is dynamic On the four basic concerns is The emphasis; the death, freedom, of the lonely and Frivolity That there are human beings in the root(Corsini, 2008) .The main purpose of existential therapy group is Contribute to the real presence in the universe; To help members Up to with life and its phenomena Honest and true connect And in fact, rather than focusing on the problems of the exterior ,On the current relations of members with each other is The emphasis(Corey,2005)Alexander ,Rabert victoriaa(Alexander ,Rabert g victoriaa, 2004) In their study, titled' Although the impact of groupExistential therapy On the feeling of anger And negative impressions of himself increasing the satisfaction of life and mental health In a group of women That his closest associates About sexual abuse Were located" In comparison with control group ,They reported a significant difference.

also Mumurdere and saks(Mumurdere g saks,2006) In your research The approach Spirituality AndExistential On the improvementrelation of their better understanding of the relationship And impressions of the quality of life On the couples experiencing bereavement reviews And They report the it significant .also Ghanbari bolghanabadi(Ghanbari g balghanabadi ,2012) Showed that Existential therapy There is a significant impact Over all dimensions Problem-solving skills. .Ghafari Behrozifar and Naroyi(Ghafari, Behrozifar g Naroyi, 2010 ) showed that Existential therapy group On the amount of an individual's understanding of herself And the quest for personal growth There is Affection Meaningful .The finding Loostra ,Brouwers and welko(Loostra, Brouwers g welko,2007) ford (ford ,1996) Hasanabadi (Hasanabadi ,2006) Hoseynabadi(Hoseynabadi ,2011) Bashirpor ,salami and Farahbakhsh ( Bashirpor ,salami g Farahbakhsh, 2013) Mirzaei(Mirzaei, 2011) Indicated that the Existential therapy The feeling of failure and Lack of progress To reduce the considerable amount And would be improves the performance and internal control .

Himself And Implore appearance And are dependent on others .Of the ways in which man Designate Against the absurdity and Frivolity is Jihad and sacrifice In a way the cause is Amorous. These people To display form Following are subject for it sacrificed themselves Employing(Yalom ,1980) Existential therapy In order to influence on communication patterns ,Is an attempt For a direct confrontation with existential issues.

Because of the relationships before marriage (The marriage course) The basis goes to the for the next relationship a couple On the basis of the said'' A good beginning makes a good ending''It is essential before it The couple is due to the existence of marital dissatisfaction The lack of proper adjustment In relationships At the risk of marital breakdown section Take a look at preventive during the marriage To prevent such events occurring.The hypothesis of this research is to: the Existential therapy component The method of the Group On thequality communication patterns Couples The stage of marriage.

Methodology

The following research is a survey research which has a pretest-posttest control group experimental design. The statistical population in this research included all patients diagnosed with MS in Shiraz County. The sample in this research included 40 patients diagnosed with MS in Shiraz County who were selected through Morgan Table and random sampling, and they were divided into two 20-membered groups (20 for experiment group and 20 for control group), subsequently. In conducting this research, initially, the research sample was randomly divided into two control and experiment groups and pretest was carried out on them. After carrying out pretest, group logotherapy was carried out for ten sessions on the experiment group and the posttest was conducted on both group members, subsequently.

Description of Sessions of Group Logotherapy based on Frankl’s Logotherapy

The first session focused on participants getting familiar with their group members and also the group leader, along with getting familiar with the group rules, forming trust between group members and the implementation methods, familiarization of members and the consultant, discussing group rules and regulations by the consultant, signing the treatment contracts by the members and the consultant, and presenting some articles on logotherapy. The second session focused on stabilizing logotherapy relation, determining the treatment objectives, writing autobiography, analyzing the

roots of problems and implementation method of members’ discussion about current

problems, the goals and expectations of members from participating in the group, wring a biography by the members, determining the treatment goals through increasing awareness on actual self. The third session focused on reviewing Viktor

Frankl’s biography, seeking meaning and life meaning from Frankl’s viewpoint,

making members aware of freedom and choice responsibility and method of tracking

the last session’s tasks, explaining Frankl’s biography, explanations of consultant on

freedom, choice and responsibility and the relation between them, teaching the concept of seeking meaning and creative values. The fourth session focused on familiarizing members with the rules governing their lives, improving the sense of responsibility in members, improving the members’ perception of their own experience values, perceiving the meaning of love and implementation method of

tracking last session’s tasks, members’ expressing their ideas about love, discussing

problems which could impact individuals’ thoughts and feelings, consultant

accepting responsibility for their own behaviors. The fifth session focused on perceiving the meaning of suffering, familiarizing the members with types of anxiety

and implementation method of tracking last session’s tasks, discussion of the members’ over sufferings they have faced through their lives and explaining the

existential anxiety. The sixth session focused on perception of the meaning of death, explaining ways of creating meaning thorough valuable works and implementation

method of tracking last session’s tasks, member’s discussion about the temporariness

of life, the reality of life and its meaning. The seventh session focused on perceiving the meaning of the emptiness of existence and the nature of existence, perceiving the

presence of god in human’s transcendent consciousness, creating meaning through noble valuable experience and implementation method of tracking last session’s tasks,

discussion of the members’ over their lives’ existential emptiness, discussion on the presence of god in the deepest layers of human existence. The eighth session focused on familiarization with existential isolation and existential sin, identification of anxiety-producing factors and methods of coping with them, forming a change in

members and implementation method of tracking last session’s tasks, explaining

existential isolation and existential sin (Why do you not talk about parts of the life in which you do not feel any signs of living?), psychological visualization about disease and death, how you find meaning, how you seek for a change in yourself. The ninth session focused on getting a positive meaning from the disease, confronting the members with novel approaches and situations and implementation method of

tracking last session’s tasks, group discussion about the meanings that patients have

perceived about their disease difficulties, finding new solutions in difficult situations. The tenth session focused on concluding lectures, texts and understandings of the patients, reviewing the concepts from previous sessions, conclusion and answering

questions and implementation method of tracking last session’s tasks, conclusion and

presenting a summary of previous sessions.

Research Measurement Tools Miller Hope Scale:

the type of The present research project semi experimental The method pre-Test and past test With a control group Use Up that had both groups two times About measurement. The Statistical Society of the research All Couples has a contract That the Was present University cordestan and Unit student marriage The Office of leadership University cordestan In the academic year94_93 Registered That number was the One hundred couples Of these. among those, couples Rated entry criteria and Lacking were The exit criterion( Ten couples )random method As an introductory example Selected and randomly into two groups were Test and control. Conditions of entry: Female, officially The process of marriage in the marriage stage And not to have gone under one roof ,The lower the score To fit your communication patterns in the questionnaire Have business Communication patterns. The exit criteria:of mental illness Notable to have Special care required Like Sckezofarn This is the case It became clear with the use of a questionnaire melllon. Each groups To breakdown was Includes ten person

The evaluation pre-Test And for the collection of data were used the following tools:

1: The questionnaire several pivot Millon(MCM): This questionnaire for assessing

and Namdari,1386) has been issue The norm .showed Has been favorable The results of this study The validity of the diagnosis All of this a questionnaire. scale For example it can be Mentioned used to predict the scale of positive range58%( Borderline personality disorder) Up to83%( Delusional disorder) And can be negative projections the scale of93%( Negative-oriented personality disorder)up to99%(Anxiety)disorder.

2: Communication pattern of questionnaire(CPQ): This a questionnaire in1984 By

Christensen and Salavy At the University of California madeHas thirty-five. Implore questions Replies in a of scale 9 degree lecret of one( It isnt impossible)Up to 9(So it may be) Gradation, Does it affect Behaviors of couples throughout the three stages of the marital conflict .These Include three steps:

1)When created problem in the relations between couples. 2) In the period when the talk about the communication problem. 3) After a talk about the communication problem.

It also has three scale, The scale of the mutual constructive communication relationship ,The scale of mutual withdaraw communication, communicate scale Demand/withdraw .A high score on the scale of the mutual constructive communication the represent Better communication and the lower score is represents the relationship worse. But the high score on the two scales The relationship Demand/withdraw And mutual withdaraw represents The relationship worse and low score indicates a better relationship .This questionnaire in Iran by Ebadatpour (Ebadatpour, 2001)is The credibility. issue Final examination Come get coefficients Using coefficients cronbakh alpha For Iranian women has been Large scale retailing To arrange70/0(mutual constructive communication)64/0(The relationship withdraw \ Total)and71/0 mutual withdaraw communication and for men64/0, 73/0, 57/0. (Ebadat pour, 2007) In order to bring on the validity The questionnaire, Calculation Solidarity Between the scale of this a questionnaire and Marital satisfaction questionnaire The obtained. correlation coefficients was For the scale of mutual constructive communication58/0 Mutual withdaraw communication58/0 And Demand/withdraw communication35/0 It was significant All alpha-level01/0 (A hmadi. 2006)Ten person Test During the ten weekly sessions(For ninety minutes) Stand In the counseling center University of Kurdistan Under Existential therapy. The method of the Group At the first meeting of the(Before the start of treatment) And the tenth session(After the completion of treatment), Were asked Members of the group Experience and control That answer communication patterns questionnaire(Before Test_ after test). One of the most important is the emphasis The approach of Existential ,Being unique Each therapist Referral and each therapeutic relationship. So; Although Existential treatments Often the system off His approach And compile a collection Of the tips are Practical reluctant .this approach limits Although Can Of its strengths as well .This treatment as a heterogeneous, landscape Multifaceted and Relatively conceptually set of therapeutic techniques Doesnt recommend; to therapists But Provides the collection Opinions, features And the feedback That can be The format of the country to be put Therapeutic methods(Lebow ,2008) .Hence for Existential group therapy Not provided Any codification of a structure by Yalom or other Although the therapists. The way in the implementation research Was looking for With an emphasis on the concepts emphasized Although views Is as follows

Table 1. Existential therapy group sessions abstract

The first meeting: Defining Existential group therapy ,will work The members want in the Group, introduction of the rules and The norm group Introduction the objectives. Reviews of the targets Check the comments of members Compared to the issues raised

The second session: Encourage the members To express their feelings and thinking ,Focus on the here and now, Pushing the attention of the members Toward what in the group occurs ,Training users about empathy and giving feedback

The third meeting: The expression of his experiences with his wife and family , Increased awareness with Focusing on the three kinds of way of being ,Encourage the members To express a reaction against openness with others, Express personal thoughts and feelings

The fourth meeting: Existential analysis The concepts of freedom and The choice, of defining the relationship freedom and Choice in human relations, Focus on the selection Ever have in life And understanding The position they have, In the selection Encourage members to make The decision again The fifth session: Existential analysis The concept responsibility, Explaining in personal development and The growth of human relations Persuasion ,Members to the dialogue about the new decisions and accepting responsibility for selection

The sixth meeting: The expression of the experiences of users of feelings of loneliness in life, Familiarity with a variety of loneliness, and Reach Detect the type of loneliness Self, introduction With the existential loneliness And as the unavoidable reality of human life Introduction to members with signs The denial alone of her personal life Presentation assignment Perimeter Pay attention to Your feelings of loneliness and Register it

The seventh meeting: Review assignment of the previous meeting and Encourage members to express our experiences of loneliness, Encouraged to open giving suck Members compared to the each other experiences In the case of deep relationships with others ,The expression of the experiences of users about the death, Existential analysis of The death as Life, as supplement Member interview About attitudes and emotions About death Assignment to users

The eighth session: : Review assignment of the previous meeting Existential analysis And meaning in life,Member dialogue about the past the aims Find the hidden meanings, and express her experiences here and now

The ninth session: Review Previous meetings Expression of the experience of the members The relationships of the Group ,The expression of the experiences Of the relationships ,The current time is outside the Group The expression of the targets that were followed in the Group ,What they seek now Preparing members to end group

The tenth session: Emotional expression that so far, in the group have experienced Explaining the challenges of the future members As a result of behavioral changes Psychology, The expression of feelings and attitudes of members About the experience of group therapy, Associate the group experience With the next experience of life

At the end of a given research in software spss21 And with to work the analysis covarians used About statistical analysis.

Results

The hypothesis: Existential therapy The method of the Group Is effective On the quality communication patterns Couples The stage of marriage.

Table 2. Mean distribution and standard deviation of hope in experimental and control groups

Variables source change control group Experience group

SD Average SD Average

constructive communications Pre-test 6.89 8.30 8.36 4.40 Post-test 7.75 11.50 4.52 19.50

Demand/withdraw Pre-test 5.91 20.70 3.08 14.50 Post-test 4.45 18.90 5.79 9.70

Compared to the pre Test. In addition comparison The average past test Show In the two group Experience and control ,The pattern mutual constructive communications Experience Group Increase eye measurements Compared to the control group The Also in the communication pattern Demand/withdraw Average scores on the stage past test compared to the pre-test dropped score pre-Test In this study As was known Sync variable and Its impact on scores past test Controlled Using analysis covarians. Table 3 The results of the analysis covarians A template To check the The difference past test pattern mutual constructive communications and Demand/withdraw In the two group Experience and control.

Table 3. The results of the analysis covarians

Variable Source SS DF MS F SIG. Power

Mutual Constructive

Pre- test 35.67 1 35.67 0.76 0.39 0.26

Group 275.71 1 275.71 6.94 0.008 0.76

Demand /withdraw

Pre- test 127.39 1 127.39 19.23 0.001 0.35

Group 173.62 1 173.62 10.24 0.004 0.83

After adjusting scores Table 3 Indicates that the pre-Test The pattern mutual constructive communications and Demand/withdraw,There is a difference Between two group Experience and control So the assumption of zero on the The lack of difference between the two groups will be rejected In other words Existential therapy The manner of the Group On pattern mutual constructive communications (P>05/0 and 94/7 F(1 g 17)) and Reduce the communication pattern Demand/withdraw (P>05/0 and F(1 g 17)24/10) Is effective Couples The stage of marriage This Affection significant Affection factor31/0 and 37/0 Represents the Affection factor Membership of the group is making a difference Between two group Experience and control and Statistical power indicate that The sample size To check this hypothesis has been sufficient. So the first hypothesis research To be verified

Discussion and Conclusion

carey(carey g Purnine ,1998) and Blanger(Blanger,1999) Showed that understanding and Listen to that of Characteristics of the pattern mutual constructive communications manufacturer There is Affection significant on improving relations Garlland (Garlland ,1981) The effect of being the active listening skills training Being on the more accurate understanding of The attitude and feel the wives are approved Butler(Butler, 1999) As well as listening skills and Empathy to On improving the quality of effective couples knows. In this way The hypothesis of the present research To be verified on the Significant Affection Existential therapy component The method of the Group On the quality communication patterns couples The stage of marriage. It should be noted Due to the lack of research that directly and specific To check the impact of the effectiveness of the Existential therapy Women are paid on communication patterns Continue to review the findings of the close This field dealt The results of this research With the findings of the report Of research that Existential therapy An increase in various dimensions Mental health, such as internal control, better understanding of one's own, Self esteem and The quest for personal growth Know effective Is consisten. Ghanbari and bolghanabadi(Ghanbari g bolghanabadi, 2012)Ghafari, Behrozifar and Naroyi(Ghafari ,Behrozifar g Naroyi 2010) The finding Loostra, Brouwers and welko(Loostra, Brouwers g welko, 2007) Ford (Ford, 1996) Hasanabadi(Hasanabadi ,2006) Hoseynabadi(Hoseynabadi ,2011) Bashirpor ,Salimi and Farahbahbakhsh(Bashirpor, Salimi g Farahbahbakhsh)Mirzaei()Mirzaei ,2011) Are the research Existential therapy In order to improve different aspects of Mental health have handled and As was clear in the research history were approved The effectiveness of this treatment. Like all other studies, also this study has limitations; Including was that The limitations of the present It was that The study on the interval Short has been implemented And do not follow the steps It would be Impressive On the generalization of the results In terms of long term time recommended that To check the shelf Existential therapy In future research is also conducted follow-up stage Also, it is recommended Educational package and Therapy Based on culture, for Existential therapy Collect that Its application for The possibility of more young consultants.

Acknowledgment

At the end of which students In this research collaboration and As well as the Officials at the counseling center University Kurdistan Thanks and would be appreciated.

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