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i ABSTRAK
Anak jalanan merupakan salah satu kelompok di masyarakat yang memiliki risiko mengalami kurang gizi. Hal tersebut dikarenakan pola makan anak jalanan yang pada umumnya kurang memadai dan tidak teratur. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui konsumsi pangan dan status gizi anak jalanan di Kota Medan tahun 2014.
Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif survei. Sampel adalah anak jalanan sebanyak 78 orang. Data konsumsi pangan yaitu jenis dan frekuensi makanan diperoleh menggunakan formulir food frequency, sedangkan kecukupan energi dan protein diperoleh menggunakan food recall 24 jam. Penimbangan berat badan menggunakan timbangan injak, dan pengukuran tinggi badan menggunakan microtois. Data yang telah dikumpulkan dianalisis secara deskriptif dan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel distribusi frekuensi.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa paling banyak anak jalanan mempunyai gizi normal, tetapi ada juga yang kurus. Gizi kurus paling banyak berumur 15-18 tahun (25,0%). Berdasarkan jenis kelamin, status gizi kurus paling banyak laki-laki (19,1%). Pekerjaan mengemis (25,0%) dan penghasilan < Rp. 7.000 /hari (9,1%) lebih banyak memiliki status gizi kurus. Paling banyak anak jalanan yang tingkat kecukupan energinya defisit tingkat berat memiliki status gizi kurus (66,3%). Sedangkan tingkat kecukupan energinya normal, mayoritas status gizinya normal (91,3%), dan bahkan ada yang gemuk (8,7%). Status gizi kurus ditemukan pada anak jalanan yang tingkat kecukupan proteinnya defisit tingkat sedang (28,6% kurus), sementara anak jalanan dengan tingkat kecukupan protein normal (91,7%) dan defisit tingkat ringan (95,5%) mayoritas memiliki status gizi normal.
Disarankan bagi Pemerintah melalui dinas sosial dapat membuat suatu program memberdayakan keluarga dari anak jalanan tersebut sehingga dengan diangkatnya ekonomi keluarga maka anak-anak tidak diperlukan lagi bekerja dijalanan.
Kata kunci: Konsumsi Pangan, Status Gizi, Anak Jalanan
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ii
ABSTRACT
Street children are one of the groups in the community at risk of malnutrition. That is because the diet of street children are generally inadequate and irregular. The purpose of the study was to determine food consumption and nutritional status of street children in the city of Medan in 2014.
This research is a descriptive survey. Samples were street children as many as 78 people. The food consumption data types and frequencies were obtained using a food frequency form, while the adequacy of energy and protein was obtained using a 24-hour food recall. Using weighing scales underfoot, and height measurements using microtois. The data collected were analyzed descriptively and presented in the form of a frequency distribution table.
The result of this study showed that most street children have normal nutrition, but there are also who have thin nutritional problems. Malnutrition most aged 15-18 years (25.0%). By gender, nutritional status at most malnutrition men (19.1%). Job begging (25.0%) and income < Rp. 7,000 / day (9.1%) had more lean nutritional status. Most street children are sufficient levels of severe energy deficit levels have malnutrition (66.3%). While street children are normal levels of energy sufficiency, the majority of normal nutritional status (91.3%), and some even obese (8.7%). Malnutrition of street children are found in the protein sufficient levels of moderate deficit (28.6% lean), while street children with normal levels of protein adequacy (91.7%) and mild deficits (95.5%) had a majority of nutritional status normal.
It is suggested to for the Department of Social and Health Service provide the socialization of health services to street children so that they know and understand about health services and special government programs in health services.
Keywords: Food Consumption, Nutritional Status, Street Children
