THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BLENDED LEARNING TO TEACH WRITING VIEWED FROM
STUDENTS’ CREATIVITY
(An Experimental Study at the English Education Department of Slamet Riyadi University in the Academic Year of 2014/2015)
A THESIS
By:
IRENE BRAINNITA OKTARIN S891308049
Written as a Partial Fullfilment of the Requirements for Graduate Education Degree of English Language Teaching
ENGLISH EDUCATION OF GRADUATE PROGRAM FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY SURAKARTA
ABSTRACT
Irene Brainnita Oktarin. S891308049. 2015. The Effectiveness of Blended
Learning Method to teach Writing viewed from Students’ Creativity (An
Experimental Study at the Third Semester Students of Slamet Riyadi University in the academic year 2014/2015. A Thesis. First Consultant: Dr. Ngadiso, M.Pd; Secod Consultant: Prof. Dr. Joko Nurkamto, M.Pd. English Education Department, Graduate Progam, Sebelas Maret University.
This research aims to review whether: (1) Blended Learning Method is more effective than Lecturing Method to teach writing; (2) The students with high creativity have better writing skill than those having low creativity; and (3) There
is an interaction between teaching methods and students‟ creativity in teaching
writing.
This experimental study was conducted at the third semester students of English Department of Slamet Riyadi University in the academic year 2014/2015. There were 60 students, consisting of 3 classes. The samples were two classes namely experimental class which was taught using Blended Learning Method and control class which was taught using Lecturing Method. To find out the sample, a cluster random sampling technique was implemented. Each class was divided into two groups of which each consisted of students having high creativity and those having low creativity. To gain the data, two instruments were used namely writing
test to find out the score of students‟ writing and creativity test to find out the
score of students‟ creativity. The data were, then, analysed by using Multifactor
Analysis of Variance ANOVA 2x2 and Tukey test. Before conducting the ANOVA test, pre-requisite test namely normality and homogeneity test were conducted.
There are some reseach findings that can be taken: (1) Blended Learning Method is more effective than Lecturing Method to teach writing; (2) The students with high creativity have better writing skill than those having low
creativity; and (3) There is an interaction between teaching methods and students‟
creativity in teaching writing.
Based on the results of this research, it implies that Blended Learning Method is an effective method in teaching writing to the third semester students of English Department Slamet Riyadi University. However, to support the using of Blended Learning Method in teaching learning activities, a teacher must understand about the development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), such as internet. They must capable in using and operating internet or social media.
commit to user MOTTO
Yesterday I dared to struggle. Today I dare to win
DEDICATION
With deep profound love, this research is fully dedicated to:
My beloved parents Marius Budi Suswanto and Maria Magdalena Kusgiati
My lovely sister Genoveva Maditias Dwi Pertiwi
My lovely brother Rafael Novin Triditio
My would be husband Antonius Yanuar Aris Wirawan
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The researcher would like to acknowledge her countless gratitude to the
Most Gracious and the Most Merciful, Jesus Christ, who has granted her health
and determination to write this thesis. In addition, there are many people who
have generously contributed in improving this thesis, that she would like to
express her deep gratitude to the following people:
1. The Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret
University for the permission to write the thesis.
2. The Head of English Education Department of Graduate Program for
providing the facilities to complete the thesis writing.
3. Dr. Ngadiso, M.Pd, the first consultant for his guidance, advice, and
patience during the writing process of this thesis.
4. Prof. Dr. Joko Nurkamto, M.Pd, the second consultant for his guidance,
advice, and patience during the writing process of this thesis.
5. The Head of English Education Department of Slamet Riyadi University for
the permission to conduct the research.
6. The Lecturer of English Education Department of Slamet Riyadi University,
especially Ernadewi Kartikasari, M.Pd for her help, guidance, and
cooperation during the research.
7. The third semester students of Slamet Riyadi University in the academic
year 2014/2015 for their cooperation during the research.
8. All friends and everyone who have helped the researcher in accomplishing
this thesis.
Hopefully, this thesis would provide a positive contribution to the
educational development and the readers.
Surakarta, February 2015
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE ... i
APPROVAL ... ii
LEGITIMATION ... iii
PRONOUNCEMENT ... iv
ABSTRACT ... v
MOTTO ... vi
DEDICATION ... vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... ix
LIST OF TABLES ... xii
LIST OF FIGURES ... xiii
LIST OF APPENDICES ... xiv
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Research ... 1
B. Problem Identification ... 8
C. Problem Limitation ... 9
D. Problem Statement ... 10
E. Research Objectives ... 10
F. Significance of the Research ... 11
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW A. Theoretical Review ... 14
1. Writing ... 14
a. Definitions of Writing ... 14
b. Micro and Macro Skills of Writing ... 16
c. Indicator of Writing ... 17
d. Teaching Writing ... 19
e. Writing Assessment ... 23
2. Teaching Method ... 26
a. Blended Learning Method ... 27
1) Definition of Blended Learning ... 27
2) Procedures of Blended Learning ... 29
3) Advantages of Blended Learning ... 31
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3) Advantages of Lecturing Method ... 37
4) Disadvantages of Lecturing Method ... 38
c. The differences between Blended and Lecturing ... 39
3. Creativity ... 40
a. Definition of Creativity ... 40
b. Aspects of Creativity ... 42
c. The Importance of Creativity in Writing ... 45
d. Process of Creativity ... 46
e. Measuring Creativity ... 47
B. Review of Related Studies ... 50
C. Rationale ... 55
1. The Difference between Blended Learning and Lecturing ... 55
2. The Difference between High and Low Creativity ... 56
3. Interaction between Teaching Method and Creativity .. 58
D. Hypothesis ... 59
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY A. Context of the Study ... 60
1. Place of the Research ... 60
2. Time of the Research ... 60
B. Research Method ... 60
C. Population, Sample, and Sampling ... 62
1. Population ... 62
2. Sample ... 63
3. Sampling ... 63
D. Data Collection and Research Instrument ... 64
1. Writing Test ... 64
2. Creativity test ... 66
E. Data Analysis ... 68
1. Pre-requisite Tests ... 68
2. Hypothesis Testing ... 69
F. Statistical Hypotheses ... 72
CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH FINDING A. Data Description ... 74
B. Pre-requisite Tests ... 83
1. Normality ... 83
C. Hypothesis Testing ... 87
1. ANOVA ... 87
2. Tukey Test ... 89
D. The Discussion of the Result ... 91
1. The Difference between Blended Learning Method and Lecturing Method ... 91
2. The Difference between Students Having High Creativity and Students Having Low Creativity ... 94
3. Interaction between Teaching Methods and Students‟ Creativity on the Students‟ Writing Skills ... 96
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION, AND SUGGESTION A. Conclusion ... 100
B. Implication ... 101
C. Suggestion ... 102
REFERENCES ... 104
commit to user LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Scoring Rubrics of Writing ... 25
Table 2.2 The Differences Between Blended Learning and Lecturing Method ... 39
Table 3.1 Time Schedule for the Research ... 61
Table 3.2 Factorial Design 2x2 ... 62
Table 3.3 Readibility of Writing Test ... 65
Table 3.4 Readability of Creativity Test ... 67
Table 4.1 The Frequency Distribution of Data A1 ... 75
Table 4.2 The Fequency Distribution of Data A2 ... 76
Table 4.3 The Fequency Distribution of Data B1 ... 77
Table 4.4 The Fequency Distribution of Data B2 ... 78
Table 4.5 The Fequency Distribution of Data A1B1 ... 79
Table 4.6 The Fequency Distribution of Data A1B2 ... 80
Table 4.7 The Frequency Distribution of Data A2B1 ... 81
Table 4.8 The Frequency Distribution of Data A2B2 ... 82
Table 4.9 The Summary of Normality Test ... 86
Table 4.10 The Summary of Homogeneity Test ... 87
Table 4.11 The Mean Score ... 88
Table 4.12 The Summary of Multifactors Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) 2x2 ... 88
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 4.1 Histogram and Polygon of Data A1 ... 75
Figure 4.2 Histogram and Polygon of Data A2 ... 76
Figure 4.3 Histogram and Polygon of Data B1 ... 77
Figure 4.4 Histogram and Polygon of Data B2 ... 78
Figure 4.5 Histogram and Polygon of Data A1B1 ... 79
Figure 4.6 Histogram and Polygon of Data A1B2 ... 80
Figure 4.7 Histogram and Polygon of Data A2B1 ... 81
commit to user LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1 Sylabus ... 111
Appendix 2 Lesson Plan of Experimental Class ... 118
Appendix 3 Lesson Plan of Control Class ... 164
Appendix 4 Instrument of Creativity Test ... 210
Appendix 4.1 Blueprint of Creativity Test ... 210
Appendix 4.2 Instrument of Creativity Test ... 211
Appendix 4.3 Scoring of Creativity Test ... 220
Appendix 4.4 Questionnaire of Creativity Instruction ... 221
Appendix 5 Readability Result of Creativity Instrument ... 222
Appendix 6 Instrument of Writing Test ... 223
Appendix 6.1 Blueprint of Writing Test ... 223
Appendix 6.2 Instrument of Writing Test ... 224
Appendix 6.3 Scoring of Writing Test ... 225
Appendix 6.4 Questionnaire of Writing Instruction ... 227
Appendix 7 Readability Result of Writing Instrument ... 228
Appendix 8 Students‟ Creativity Scores ... 229
Appendix 9 Writing Scores ... 230
Appendix 9.1 Post Test Students‟ Writing Scores Experimental (A1) ... 230
Appendix 9.2 Post Test Students‟ Writing Scores Control (A2) ... 231
Appendix 10 Students‟ Creativity and Writing Scores ... 232
Appendix 10.1 Students‟ Creativity and Writing Scores Experimental ... 232
Appendix 10.2 Students‟ Creativity and Writing Scores Control ... 233
Appendix 11 Descriptive Statistics ... 234
Appendix 12 Normality Test ... 242
Appendix 13 Homogeneity Test ... 250
Appendix 14 ANOVA 2x2 Multifactor Analysis Variance ... 251
Appendix 15 The Result of Tukey Test ... 252
Appendix 16 Table of Critical Values for t Distribution ... 253
Appendix 17 Table of the Standard Normal Distribution ... 254
Appendix 18 Table of Critical Values for the Liliefors (Normality Test) ... 255
Appendix 19 Table of the Chi Square Distribution (Homogeneity) ... 256
Appendix 20 Table of Critical Values for F Distribution ... 257
Appendix 21 Table of Critical Values for Tukey test ... 259
Appendix 22 Example of Students‟ Writing ... 260
Appendix 23 Pictures of Students‟ Activity ... 262
Appendix 24 Letter of Research Permission ... 264
