REQUEST STRATEGIES USED IN CRASH MOVIE
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by:
AZIZAH ANIS SULISTYOWATI A320090151
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
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MOTTO
Man saaraaladarbiwashala (siapa yang berjalan di
jalannyaakansampai di tujuan)
(Islamic quotes)
“The world is full of possibilities”
(The writer)
The real happiness will be delivered because your own
effort.
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DEDICATION
This research paper is primary dedicated to:
Allah SWT
My parent
My Sibling
My lovely
The writer herself
vii
ACKNOWLEGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikumwr.wb.
The greatest praise to the Allah SWT for his merciful and
compassionate; who has blessed the researcher in finishing his scientific research
entitled “Request Strategies Used in Crash Movie ”. Praise is also delivered to our
propped, Muhammad SAW, who has moved us from the darkness to the lightness.
The writer wants to express her deepest gratitude to the people who
have given his/her contribution to the researcher in accomplishing this scientific
researcher through their support, advises, and event criticism.
1. Dra. NiningSetyaningsih, M.Si., the dean of the school of teacher
training and education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2. TitisSetyabudi, S.S., M. Hum., the head of English Education
department.
3. AgusWijayanto, Drs., M. A., Ph. D., the first consultant and first
examiner who has patiently guided, advised, and motivated her during the
arrangement of his research paper.
4. Dra. SitiZuhriah, M. Hum., the second consultant and second examiner
who has given his valuable correction and suggestion so that the writer can
get more knowledge which have not been know before.
5. Susiati, S. Pd., the researcher’s academic consultant.
6. All lecture in English Education Department who cannot mentioned one
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7. Her beloved parents, Muzammil and Sumtinah who are never tired of
loving, advising, and praying her.
8. Her lovely elder brother, ZainulAkhlaq, Muhammad MakmunGhozali,
and Ahmad AgungDimyati who always gives her motivation.
9. Her beloved elder sister, NadhifatulFikriyah, Desi, Sri Wahyuni, and
Semiyati who are gives her motivation.
10.Her Dearest, AnsarEfendi who is never tired loving, advising and
accompanying her.
11.Her nice nephew,Fadhil Akbar G,Abdullah Faqih D, ArkhanYafi’ D,
and Muhammad Zeenwho always make her smile and happy.
12.Her nice niece, Shakila, SitiArbaynah, and RobiyatulAdawwiyahwho
always make her smile and happy.
13.Her young sister, LilikAnnisaul R andRizkiAyu A For the togetherness
that will never be forgotten by the written.
14.Her best friends, D’ Polezt Group, Jemblem (DesiAntriAstuti), Tente
(RelisKristiani), Kriting ( Astuti Lisa N), Mak’e (NikenWardiani S),
Kriwil (AnisaAqmarina) and Oneng (DhaningtyasAyu S) For the
togetherness that will never be forgotten by the written and always give
her support.
15.Her best friends, D’ Fega Group, FelyniaBahri, EkaSusilorini,
GaluhKartika Swho always give her support.
16.Her lovely friend, Muhammad Bashorifor the support that will never be
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17.Her big family GendhisTheater. For the togetherness that will never be
forgotten by the written.
18.Her big family in PPL SIMPON 2012/2013, UMS and UTP. For the
togetherness that will never be forgotten by the written.
19.Her big family in SAPUTAJI SIMO, Syarif H, Haris, Bagas, Reza,
Opik, Ningrum, Desi, Siwi, Tia, etc. For the togetherness that will never
be forgotten by the written.
Finally the writer realized that her research paper is far away from
being perfect; there for, the writer will happy accept any criticism in order to
make the betterment of this research. The writer hopes that this research will give
beneficial to the readers.
Wassalamu’alaikumwr.wb.
Surakarta, 4 Juli 2013
The writer
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ABSTRACT
AZIZAH ANIS SULISTYOWATI.A 320090151.REQUEST STRATEGIES USED IN CRASH MOVIE.RESEACRH PAPER. SURAKARTA: SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION OF MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. 2013.
The aims of this research are to describe the types of request strategies and to clarify the pragmalinguistics forms of request strategies used in Crash
Movie.The type of this research is descriptive qualitative research. The researcher uses Crash Movie as the data source. The data of this research are conversation in
Crash Movie. The researcher employs documentation as the method of collecting data with the techniques: watching, identifying, classifying, coding, and categorizing the data. In analyzing the data, the writer describes the type of request strategy and pragmalinguistics form of request in Crash Movie by Trosborg (1995).The result of this research shows that there are eight request strategies from the sixty one data found in Crash Movie. They are Hints (1,64%), Ability willingness and permisssion (18,03%), suggestory formulae (4,92%), wishes (4,92%), desires/needs (9,84%), obligation and necessity (3,82%), performative(1,64%), and imperative (55,74%).The pragmalinguistics form of strategies namely syntactic downgrader, lexical/phrasal downgrader, upgrader, and preparator.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER ... i
APPROVAL ... ii
ACCEPTANCE ... iii
TESTIMONY ... iv
MOTTO ... v
DEDICATION ... vi
ACKNOWLADGEMENT ... vii
ABSTRACT ... x
TABLE OF CONTENT ... xi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study ... 1
B. Scope of the Study... 3
C. Problem Statement ... 4
D. Objective of the Study ... 4
E. Benefit of the Study... 4
F. Research Paper Organization ... 5
CHAPTER II UNDERLYING THEORY A. Pragmatics ... 6
1. Pragmalinguistics ... 9
2. Sociolinguistics ... 9
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1. Locutionary Act ... 10
2. Illocutionary Act ... 11
3. Perlocutionary Act ... 11
C. Request ... 13
1. Notion of Request ... 14
2. Type of Request ... 14
a. The Request as an Impositive Act ... 14
b. The Request as a Face-Threatening Act ... 14
c. The Request as Distinguished from Other Impositive Speech Act ... 14
3. Type of Request Strategies... 16
a. Indirect Requests ... 16
Hints ... 16
b. Conventionally Indirect (Hearer-Oriented Conditions) .... 18
1) Ability, Willingness And Permission ... 19
2) Suggestory Formulae ... 21
c. Conventionally Indirect (Speaker-Based Condition) ... 21
1) Wishes ... 21
2) Desires/Needs ... 22
d. Direct Request ... 22
1) Obligation And Necessity ... 22
2) Performatives ... 23
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D. Pragmalinguistic Form of Request ... 23
1. Internal Modification ... 24
a. Syntactic Downgraders ... 24
1) Question ... 24
2) Past Tense/Negotiation ... 24
3) Tag Question ... 25
4) Conditional Clause ... 25
5) Embedding ... 25
6) Ing-Form ... 26
7) Modals ... 26
b. Lexical/Phrasal Downgraders ... 26
1) Politeness Marker ... 26
2) Consultative Device ... 27
3) Downtoner ... 27
4) Understatement ... 27
5) Hedge ... 28
6) Hesitator ... 28
7) Interpersonal Marker ... 28
c. Upgraders ... 29
1) Adverbial Intensifier ... 29
2) Commitment Upgrader ... 29
3) Lexical Intensification ... 30
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a. Preparators ... 30
1) Preparing the content ... 30
2) Preparing the speech act ... 30
3) Checking on availability ... 31
4) Getting a pre-commitment ... 31
b. Disarmers ... 31
c. Sweeteners ... 31
d. Supportive reasons ... 32
e. Cost minimizing ... 32
f. Promise of a reward ... 32
E. Previous Study... 33
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD A. Type of Research ... 43
B. Object of the Research ... 43
C. Data and Data Source ... 44
D. Method of collecting Data ... 44
E. Method of Analyzing Data ... 44
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION A. Data Analysis ... 46
1. Request Strategy... 46
a. Hints ... 46
b. Ability, Willingness and Permission ... 47
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d. Wishes ... 63
e. Desires/Needs... 66
f. Obligation and Necessity ... 72
g. Performative ... 74
h. Imperative ... 76
2. Pragmalinguistic Form of Request ... 113
a. Internal Modification ... 113
1) Syntactic Downgraders ... 113
2) Lexical/Phrasal Downgraders ... 118
3) Upgraders ... 127
b. External Modification ... 132
Preparators ... 132
B. Findings ... 133
C. Discussion of Research Findings ... 135
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION A. Conclusion ... 140
B. Suggestion ... 141
BIBILIOGRAPHY
