MUHAMMAD ZULKIFLI V-D, 1155030166 THE VALUE AND PERSPECTIVE OF MAN ABOUT FEMINISM
IN “NAMAKU MATA HARI” BY REMY SYLADO
Literature, according to poets, has many definitions that different one anothers. According to Nurrachman (2017: 1), “ literature is a discipline which has similar qualification with any others disciplines, it has its own body of knowledge which can be studied systematically”. Literature, in the first time, was not supposed a discipline of knowledge but in the early century poets and scientifics have given a body of knowledge to literature systematically like ontology about the authentic of knowledge, epistemology about a source of knowledge and anthropology about benefit and value of knowledge until people can study and analyze literature. As a science, Literature itself, further, is a medium for expressing a right of person suppressed especially woman.
The history of human gives an information to us that women from ancient Greece to around 18 century did not have a right to choise their life and right, women did have a place in a society.The duty of literature gives a freedom to women. When era of Victorian England around the 80s, appearing a lot of critical feminisms defended rights of women (Anwar,2010:138). This critical feminism appears as a respond of women’s backwardness. The first, woman authors appeared and entered a field of literary world after they had wrote and made some novels, they included a comprehension about defending of women in their novels or literary works to influence the society that women were as degree as men. One of feminist works appearing in 18 century was Marry Wollstonecrafts. Marry and his A Vindication of the Rights of Woman well deserves its rank as the first great feminist work. It is her most famous work, but not her first or last. She had already published fiction when in 1790 (Nurrachman, 2017:132).
Remy Sylado explains the some issue of feminist beside contein of some ideology, struggle and many more. But if looked through contruction and contain of this novel, then it will be found many issues of feminist.
Method of analyzing critical feminist, according to Kolodny (Anwar,2010:139), the first step is to find “mood of feminism” that exists in literary works or novels. Before analyzing the literary works, all of personal assumption about feminist must be omitted because it will break the concentration and make the analysis confused. Therefore, finding mood of feminism and underlining it will be direct and precise. Farther, method of critical feminist is submitted by Showalter in “Feminist Criticism in the Wilderness” (1981). Methodologically, Showalter (Anwar, 2010:140) gave or distinguished two formats. First, critical method of feminist has a relation with woman as a reader and then it’s named as Feminist Critique. Second format is critical method of feminist having relation with woman as a writer or author and then it’s named Gynocritics. And this case, it looks that the second format is more appropriate because of the author of “Namaku Mata Hari” belonging to man, Remy Sylado. The further, Mary Wollstonecraft attentioned women as just object. Wollstonecraft said that women are led to exercise their understandings, they should not be satirized for their attachment to rakes; nor even for being rakes at heart, when it appears to be the inevitable consequence of their education. They who live to please—must find their enjoyments, their happiness, in pleasure! It is a trite (Nurrachman, 2017:137). Wollstonecraft critizaised the pool of women that became medium of men’s enjoyment. Women must be awareness about their existention.
Novel “Namaku Mata Hari” describe the central character, Mata Hari, managing to free from dominance of man. Mata Hari is not afraid to fight her man (husband) if her right is gotten by him,
“‘Duduk’, kata dia singkat, kesannya bukannya dia menyuruh tapi memerintah. Dan sikapnya congkak sekali……. Itu membuatku kesal. Aku tak suka. Berkembang simpul di dalam pikiranku, bahwa dia tidak menaruh hormat kepadaku sebagi isterinya. Kalau simpul ini benar, demi ibuku, aku akan melawannya”(Sylado, 2010:30).
“Mauku, kalau Ibu bisa tegas, maka Ibu harus melawan Ayah…… aku sering gregetan melihat Ibu mengalah. Rasanya kalau aku jadi Ibu, dan berhadapan dengan suami separti Ayah, aku akan ajak dia berkelahi di atas ring tinju, lantas sebelum aba-aba aku akan langsung memukulnya tanpa jeda, lalu menendang selengkangannya…” (Sylado, 2010:19).
It’s clear that “Namaku Mata Hari” is contain of a vindication of women. The condition of women when was era Ancient Greece to around 18 century was very disappointed in women in this era or modern women. The Wollstonecraft’s critic have been success to make women aware in this century such as he said, “What I sincerely wish them to be, even love acquire more serious dignity, and be purified in its own fires, and virtue giving true delicacy to their affection” (Nurrachman, 2017:137-138).
Namaku Mata Hari invited women to prove that women are not object, women have right to have culture, language and authority like a man. Indeed, feminism was born because of backround era where women did not have authority even though they were considered men’s sexual attendant. It is in the same direction with what Endraswara (2013: 225) said, “Tujuan awal dari gelombang feminism adalah untuk memulihkan pengalaman perempuan. Dengan demikian, feminisme menemukan cara bagaimana perempuan bisa membentuk dirinya sendiri sebagai subjek”. Women when were around 18 century did not have principle and view of live that can be hold on because women were submissive to fate. Therefore, experience belonging to women was lost and then they accepted men’s view of live as experience. The further, women acquiesced men to torture them. Mata Hari mentioned this fact,
“pelecehan selalu terjadi ketika lelaki merasa punya kuasa, punya wewenang, punya uang, dan dengan itu menekan wanita untuk takluk padanya”(Sylado, 2010:80).
And then she decided to become modern woman that not afraid to defend her self and gave a suggestion how to defend self as woman,
“karenanaya, untuk melawannya, perempuan harus menjadi betina, mengambil alih garizah yang melengket dalam tindaktanduk lelaki”(Sylado, 2010:80).
“sekarang tahun-tahun terakhir abad ke 19 menuju abad ke 20 di mana perempuan harus hadir, tidak tersingkir, sebagai betina tulen melawan dominasi lelaki… kalau Ruud berpikir bisa menaklukkan perempuan betina di abad depan yang sedang berjalan, dia keliru besar, sebab sekarang di penghujung abad ke 19 ini aku sudah teguh berkat: Kalau lelaki bisa, kenapa perempuan tidak bisa…”(Sylado, 2010:80).
Bluntly, Remy Sylado in his Namaku Mata Hari conveyed claim into arbitrariness. The reader is directed as if the guilty side is man and woman is the truth and forever lofty being. This will be found in first plot of this story. Remy Sylado described that woman have otority more then man, moreover, the reader will think that women stronger then man.
“Seorang permpuan modern bukan melulu bisa berpakain bagus dan karenanya penampilannya akan selalu dilirik orang-seperti yang sudah sejak kecil aku dibiasakan oleh marhum ibuku- tapi yang paling penting adalah otaknya harus bagus juga, yang diperolehnya dari kemauannya membaca buku di perpustakaan. Dengan membaca, aku percaya perempuan menjadi manusia berharkat” (Sylado, 2010:231).
The further, Remy Sylado encouraged women to be free from dominance of men by reading books because book is the window of world. The way that was offered by Remy sylado is equal to Wollstonecraft’s opinion that women although they are wife have to keep learning and reading a book, especially novel. Women must not read a novel and then considered it the fact but enough to read it and considered it just the fiction, it’s named ridiculing the novel (Nurrachman, 2017:143). With regard to effort of reconstruction, the lesson of religion gave suggestion that the change must be begun by reading (Rusmana & Rahtikawati, 2014:309).
never let women fight them truly. Indeed, Remy Sylado described woman standing alone and fighting man in the first but the next story or the end of story, on the other wise Mata Hari became sexual servant of man indirectly,
“dalam sepuluh tahun ini aku tidak merasa perlu menghitung-hitung berapa jumlah pejabat tinggi Negara dari Prancis dan jerman serta Spanyol dan Italia, mulai dari menteri, jendral, koloneal, bahkan kapten dan letnan, yang sudah bersetubuh denganku…”(Sylado, 2010:387).
This is the point where woman is not ever free from dominance of man forever. Mata Hari tried to defend herself and feel that she had freedom from man because she was determined to fight man. But since beginning, she have given up man. When Mata Hari considered her self whore, actually she had been inferior to man because the honor of woman is the most high self esteem. From here, the reader is going to understand Remy Sylado’s concept of feminism. Remy directed the reader into vindication concept of woman by showing patriarchy into submission but this is just a formality showing a defence of feminism. Endraswara (2013 :232) said, “kebohongan termasuk feminism telah ditandai oleh tulisan paling posmodernis yang ditulis oleh laki-laki”. Literary works written by man talked about feminism, in fact they never hold woman in the high esteem. They discussed feminism based on perspective of man.
Literary work discussing feminism is determined by it’s author. Feminism itself was born to stimulate the movement of woman but in the early century together many movement feminism born, man also entered a field of feminism study. Man’s participation was born branch of plot in feminism. Man offered his idea to feminism, both good idea and frme idea ‘in the bad domain’.
REFERENCES
Nurrachman, Dian. 2017. Introduction to Criticism: Critical Theory from Ancient Greece to
Victorian England. Bandung: Pustaka Aura Semesta.
Rusmana, Dadan danYayan Rahtikawati. 2014. Tafsir Ayat-ayat Sosial Budaya. Bandung:
Pustaka Setia.
