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UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIDIARE EKSTRAK ETANOL SABUT PINANG (Areca catechu L.) TERHADAP TIKUS
ABSTRAK
Latar belakang: Pinang termasuk tanaman Palmae yang terdapat hampir di seluruh wilayah Indonesia. Sabut pinang belum banyak dilakukan pengujian secara ilmiah sebagai obat, tidak seperti daun dan biji pinang. Pektin dan flavonoid yang terdapat pada sabut pinang dapat dijadikan sebagai obat antidiare. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan senyawa kimia serbuk simplisia dan ekstrak etanol sabut pinang, serta aktivitas antidiare ekstrak etanol sabut pinang dibandingkan dengan loperamid HCl.
Metode: Ekstrak etanol sabut pinang diekstraksi secara maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 80%. Filtrat dipekatkan dengan rotary evaporator dan dikeringkan dengan freeze dryer. Serbuk simplisia dan ekstrak dikarakterisasi dan diskrining fitokimia, selanjutnya ekstrak diuji aktivitas antidiare menggunakan tikus yang telah diinduksi oleum ricini. Tikus dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok yang masing-masing terdiri dari 5 ekor, tiap tikus diberikan dosis 25, 50, 75 dan 100 mg/kg bb dengan pembanding loperamid HCl dosis 1 mg/kg bb.
Hasil: Hasil karakteristik serbuk simplisia diperoleh kadar air 5,31%, kadar sari larut dalam air 9,95%, kadar sari larut dalam etanol 7,65%, kadar abu total 5,76% dan kadar abu tidak larut asam 2,20%, sedangkan ekstrak etanol sabut pinang diperoleh kadar air 9,31%, kadar abu total 5,15% dan kadar abu tidak larut asam 2,07%. Hasil skrining fitokimia serbuk simplisia dan ekstrak etanol sabut pinang diperoleh senyawa flavonoid, glikosida, dan pektin. Hasil uji aktivitas antidiare ekstrak etanol sabut pinang diperoleh dosis 75 mg/kg bb memiliki aktivitas antidiare yang sebanding dengan loperamid HCl 1 mg/kg bb, sedangkan dosis 25 dan 50 mg/kg bb memiliki aktivitas antidiare yang lemah dan dosis 100 mg/kg bb memiliki aktivitas antidiare yang kuat dalam menekan diare.
Kesimpulan: Karakteristik serbuk simplisia dan ekstrak etanol sabut pinang memenuhi persyaratan, mengandung senyawa flavonoid, glikosida dan pektin, serta ekstrak etanol sabut pinang memiliki aktivitas antidiare bila dibandingkan dengan loperamid HCl.
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ANTIDIARRHEAL ACTIVITY TEST OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF ARECA HUSK (Areca catechu L.) ON RATS
ABSTRACT
Background: Areca nut included Palmae plants that are almost in all parts of Indonesia. Areca husks have not been scientifically tested as a drug, not like a leaf and areca seeds. Pectin and flavonoids contained in the areca husks can be used as antidiarrheal medication.
Objective: The objective of this research was to know the characteristics and chemical compounds of simplex powder and ethanol extract of areca husk, and antidiarrheal activity of ethanol extract of areca husk compared with loperamide HCl.
Methods: The ethanol extract of areca husk was extracted by maceration with 80% ethanol. Filtrate was concentrated by rotary evaporator and dried by freeze dryer. Simplex powder and extracts were characterized and phytochemical screened, then antidiarrheal activity of extracts was tested using rats that had been induced with oleum ricini. Rats were divided into six group, each consisting of five rats, each rat was given doses of 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg bw compared with loperamide HCl dose of 1 mg/kg bw.
Results: The results of the characteristics of simplex powder were showed that 5.31% water content, 9.95% water-soluble extract content, 7.65% ethanol-soluble extract content, 5.76% total ash and 2.20% acid insoluble ash content, while ethanol extract of areca husk were showed that 9.31% water content, 5.15% total ash and 2.07% acid insoluble ash content. The result of phytochemical screening obtained flavonoids, glycosides and pectin. The results of antidiarrheal activity test of ethanol extract of areca husk obtained dose of 75 mg/kg bw has antidiarrheal activity comparable with loperamide HCl dose of 1 mg/kg bw, while doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg bw have antidiarrheal activity of weak and a dose of 100 mg/kg bw has strong antidiarrheal activity in reducing diarrhea.
Conclusion: The characteristics of simplex powder and extract ethanol of areca husk satisfied the requirements, contains flavonoids, glycosides and pectin, and extract ethanol of areca husk has antidiarrheal activity when compared with loperamid HCl.
