CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
I . 1. Background of t h e
Reading h a s been t h e most important s o u r c e o f i n f o r m a t i o n i n t h e l e a r n i n g s i t u a t i o n . Text-books and r e f e r e n c e s a r e f r e q u e n t l y t h e s o u r c e of knowledge i n
most c l a s s e s . Even when supplementary m a t e r i a l s a r e g i v e n by t e a c h e r s , t h e y i n v o l v e r e a d i n g a s t h e n e c e s s a r y p r o c e s s t o g a i n i n f o r m a t i o n . No m a t t e r whether i t i s r e a d i n g i n t h e first o r second language, i t g i v e s t h e
g r e a t s u p p o r t t o a c h i e v e t h e i r major g o a l of l e a r n i n g . More and more new s c i e n c e and technology have been i n v e n t e d nowadays
,
s o i n o r d e r n o t t o be l e f t behind by t h e i r p r o g r e s s , most u n i v e r s i t y s t u d e n t s , e s p e c i a l l y non- English Department S t u d e n t s , a r e r e q u i r e d t o extend t h e i r knowledge from o t h e r s o u r c e s such a s a r t i c l e s ,j o u r n a l s , books o r l i t e r a t u r e s which a r e mostly w r i t t e n i n E n g l i s h . For r e a s o n , David E. Eskey s a y s ,
the ability to read journals and books in that language.
Another English expert, Ward, in his articles
Techniques for Teaching Reading states that
. .
themajority of students of English as a foreign language nay
never speak much English, but most of them will have to
read English in order to complete their university
studies 2
However, according to the writer's observation
when she interviews some students of Non-English
Department of Widya Mandala University especially
those who must write thesis with English
objective of teaching English in Subsystem Nir-English
has not been completely achieved yet. This conclusion is
also supported by other previous researchecs, one of
which is the English teacher in Subsystem Nir- English
-
Drs. Laga in his seminar Bahasa Inggris
di Subsistem Nir- Inggris Unika Widya Mandala Surabaya
Bagaimana Sebaiknya ? says that
an besar mahasiswa Suhsistem Nir-Inggris kita
capai kuliah bahasa yang telah
David E. Eskey Advanced Reading the Structural
.
English Forum,197
1 ,v.9,
2 James Ward, "Technique for Teaching Reading",
t h e s t u d e n t s t o achieve t h e r e a d i n g comprehension s k i l l s i f t h e c l u e s a r e n o t understood. B e t t y Wallace R o b e i n e t t , 6 a p r o f e s s o r o f l i n g u i s t i c o f Mfnnesota, s t a t e s t h a t s t u - d e n t s can f a i l i n comprehending a t e x t g i v e n i f t h e y f a i l t o a t t a i n some c l u e s l i k e meaning, v i s u a l c l u e s t o s p e l l - i n g , p r o b a b i l i t i e s of a c c u r r e n c e , c o n t e x t u a l pragmatic knowledge and and semantic competence.
Based on r e s e a r c h above, t h e w r i t e r f e e l s i n t e r e s t e d i n d i s c u s s i n g t h e problems of r e a d i n g comprehen- s i o n o f Non-English Department S t u d e n t s o f Widya Mandala C a t h o l i c U n i v e r s i t y Surabaya because o f t h e f a c t t h a t "When r e a d i n g a t e x t b o o k , i t f r e q u e n t l y happens t h a t a l t h o u g h a s t u d e n t knows e v e r y word' i n a s e n t e n c e , h e s t i l l cannot what t h e s e n t e n a e e s p e c i a l
when i t i s l o n g and complicated" .
I n t h i s study, t h e w r i t e r i s r e a l l y c u r i o u s t o know whether t h e s t u d e n t s o f Non-English
e s p e c i a l l y t n o s e wbo have g o t t h e i r E n g l i s h s u b j e c t i n t h e f i r s t and second s e m e s t e r s , can comprehend t h e r e a d i n g passage g i v e n i f t h e y -. m a s t e r knowledge o f E n g l i s h
Complex s e n t e n c e s . Here t h e w r i t e r d e c i d e s t o make a c a s e
6 Kennete C r o f t on A Second - -
f o r Teachers and Teacher S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s ,
A S c i e n t i f i c Reading
s t u d y on t h e c o r r e l a t i o n between t h e o f
Complex S e n t e n c e s and t h e r e a d i n g comprehension a c h i e v e - ment o f Pharmacy s t u d e n t s o f Widya Mandala C a t h o l i c
U n i v e r s i t y t o f i n d whether b o t h of them r e a l l y correspond t o each o t h e r .
The A i m of The
C l o s e l y r e l a t e d t o t h e r e a s o n f o r choosing t h e t o p i c , t h i s paper i s t r y i n g t o prove whether t h e r e i s a c o r r e l a t i o n between s t u d e n t s ' mastery o f E n g l i s h Complex S e n t e n c e s and t h e i r Reading Comprehension Achievement. Suppose t h e r e i s a p o s i t i v e c o r r e l a t i o n , t h i s paper w i l l a l s o inform t h e c o e f i c i e n t d e t e r m i n a t i o n o f s t u d e n t s ' mastery o f E n g l i s h S e n t e n c e s towards t h e i r r e a d i n g comprehension achievement.
1.3. The S i g n i f i c a n c e o f The Study
By conducting t h i s s t u d y , t h e w r i t e r hopes t h a t t h e r e s u l t o f t h i s s t u d y may c o n t r i b u t e some h e l p t o t h e E n g l i s h t e a c h e r s of Pharmacy F a c u l t y i n t h e i r e f f o r t s t o a c c e l e r a t e s t u d e n t s ' a b i l i t y i n comprehending E n g l i s h text- books and r e f e r e n c e s . t h e w r i t e r a l s o hopes t h a t t h e f i n d i n g s o f t h i s t h e s i s may become
Nir- English Departments.
1.4. L i m i t a t i o n o f t h e Study and Some D e f i n i t i o n s o f Key Terms
L i m i t a t i o n o f t h e Study
Being aware of how broad t h e scope o f t h i s s t u d y would b e , t h e -w r i t e r f i n d s i t n e c e s s a r y t o i t . T h i s s t u d y w i l l d i s c u s s t h e r e l a t i o n s n i p between t h e mastery o f E n g l i s h Complex S e n t e n c e s and t h e r e a d i n g comprehension achievement.
For sake o f t h i s s t u d y , t h e w r i t e r would l i k e t o l i m i t t h e p o p u l a t i o n only t o second semester s t u d e n t s o f Widya U n i v e r s i t y Surabay a belonging t o t h e s c h o o l y e a r o f who have a l r e a d y f i n i s h e d t h e i r E n g l i s h s u b j e c t i n t h e first and second semesters. The w r i t e r p r e f e r s choosing second semester Pharmacy s t u d e n t s because i n t h i s c a s e t h e y have s t u d i e d much about E n g l i s h Complex S e n t e n c e s and have g o t much r e a d i n g comprehension p r a c t i c e .
1.4.2. D e f i n i t i o n o f Key Terms
s e m e s t e r S t u d e n t s , c a s e study.
What t h e w r i t e r means by mastery i s complete c o n t r o l o r I n o r d e r t o t e s t t h e s t u d e n t s1 mastery o f
E n g l i s h Complex Bentences, t h e w r i t e r g i v e s an achievement t e s t i n t h e form of c r i t e r i o n r e f e r e n c e d t e s t . The t e s t t y p e s a r e m u l t i p l e - c h o i c e and t r u e - f a l s e type q u e s t i o n s .
E n g l i s h Complex Sentences a r e s e n t e n c e s which a r e c l a s s i f i e d base on t h e number and k i n d s o f
c l a u s e s w i t h i n a s e n t e n c e . Such s e n t e n c e s a l s o have two o r more f u l l p r e d i c a t i o n s . One o f t h e s e i s a n independent c l a u s e o r main c l a u s e t h a t i s similar t o t h e form o f t h e s i m p l e s e n t e n c e and t h e o t h e r s a r e dependent c l a u s e s o r o r d i n a t e c l a u s e . E n g l i s h Complex S e n t e n c e s meant h e r e a r e concerned w i t h dependent c l a u s e s and v e r b a l c o n t r u c t i o n .
Achievement, t o a t t a i n m e n t , i s g e n e r a l l y used r e f e r t o a f o r m a l t e s t which h a s been designed t o show how f a r s t u d e n t s have achieved t h e p a r t i c u l a r
m a t e r i a l . To know t h e s t u d e n t s ' r e a d i n g comprehension achievement, t h e w r i t e r a d m i n i s t e r s a n achievement t e s t i n t h e form o f r e f e r e n c e d t e s t . The t e s t measures how f a r s t u d e n t s understand t h e s u b j e c t m a t t e r , g e n e r a l i z a - t i o n , d e t a i l
, s i g n i f i c a n c e , c o n c l u s i o n , a p p l i c a t i o n and
8 AS Oxford Advanced L e a r n e r ' s D i o f C u r r e n t U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s ,
vocabulary
.
I n t h i s c a s e , t h e w r i t e r u s e s o b j e c t i v e t e s t i n t h e form of multiple- choice- type q u e s t i o n s and s u b j e c t i v e t e s t i n t h e form of e s s a y t e s t items.Second Semester Pharmacy s t u d e n t s a r e a l l s t u d e n t s who s t u d y i n second s e m e s t e r Pharmacy o f Widya
Mandala C a t h o l i c Surabaya Now t h e y have accomplisned t h e i r E n g l i s h s u b j e c t i n t h e second s e n e s t e r .
Case i s a n i n t e n s i v e s t u d y a b o u t t h e problem found i n a c e r t a i n group i n a c e r t a i n p l a c e and t h e
r e s u l t o f t h e s t u d y w i l l be h e l p f u l t o overcome t h e problem happening i n t h a t group. In o r d e r n o t t o
g e n e r a l i a e t h e problem d i s c u s s e d h e r e , t h e w r i t e r f e e l s n e c e s s a r y t o l i m i t t h e d i s c u s s i o n j u s t i n i n t e n s i v e l e a r n i n g a b o u t t h e mastery o f r e a d i n g comprehension o f second s e m e s t e r Pharmacy s t u d e n t s o f Widya Mandala C a t h o l i c U n i v e r s i t y and i t s c o r r e l a t i o n with
mastery o f E n g l i s h Complex S e n t e n c e s
.
r e s u l t of t h i s w i l l h e l p t h e E n g l i s h t e a c h e r s o f Pharmacy F a c u l t y i n t h e i r e f f o r t s t o d e v e l o pr e a d i n g comprehension p r o f i c i e n c y .
T h i s s t u d y i s o n l y based on t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p between t h e r e a d i n g comprehension achievement and t h e m a s t e r y o f E n g l i s h Complex S e n t e n c e s o f t h e second
U n i v e r s t t y d u r i n g t h e academic y e a r o f
1.5. Problem Statement
I n c o n n e c t i o n with t h e background o f t h e s t u d y , t h i s t h e s i s w i l l uncover whether t h e r e i s a p o s i t i v e s i g n i f i c a n t c o r r e l a t i o n between t h e mastery o f E n g l i s h Complex S e n t e n c e s and t h e r e a d i n g comprehension
ment of t h e second s e m e s t e r Pharmacy s t u d e n t s o f Widya Mandala U n i v e r i s i t y . To make i t c l e a r e r , t h e w r i t e r f o r m u l a t e s t h e s t a t e m e n t o f t h e problem as f o l l o w s :
Does t h e mastery o f E n g l i s h Complex S e n t e n c e s c o r r e l a t e w i t h t h e r e a d i n g comprehension achievement o f t h e second s e m e s t e r s t u d e n t s o f t h e Pharmacy F a c u l t y of Widya
C a t h o l i c U n i v e r s i t y ?
1.6. Fundamental Assumptions It i s assumed t h a t
S i n c e a l l t h e s t u d e n t s o f t h e Pharmacy F a c u l t y a r e mostly g r a d u a t e d from o r Sekolah
Apoteker, t h e y a r e c o n s i d e r e d t o have s t u d i e d E n g l i s h and v o c a b u l a r y as what t h e s t a t e d s y l l a b u s e x p e c t s
.
information from reading text- books o r r e f e r e n c e s which a r e r e l a t e d t o t h e i r s u b j e c t o f l e a r n i n g .
1.6.3. Having completed t h e i r English s u b j e c t both i n t h e f i r s t and second s e n e s t e r s , s t u d e n t s have mastered a l l t h e m a t e r i a l s given.
The English t e a c h e r s who teach t h e s t u d e n t s i n t h e f i r s t and second semesters a r e t o be q u a l i f i e d i n teaching English.
The t e s t s given as t h e instruments. of t h e
r e s e a r c h a r e considered t o be v a l i d and r e l i a b l e .
1.6.6. The sample of t h i s study i s enough-in q u a n t i t y and q u a l i t y t o r e p r e s e n t t h e population.
1.7. Hypotheses
Based on t h e foregoing assumptions, t h e following hypotheses a r e formulated :
1.7.1. The n u l l hypothesis
There i s between t h e mastery o f English Complex Sentences and t h e r e a d i n g compre- hension achievement.
1.7.2. The A l t e r n a t i v e Hypothesis
There i s a p o s i t i v e s i g n i f i c a n t c o r r e l a t i o n
To test the foregoing hypotheses, the writer uses Product
Moment from Formula:
1.8. Organization of tne Thesis
This thesis consists of five
I
,
the Introduction, deals with the background of the study,
aim of the study, limitation of the problem
statement, fundamental assumptions, hypotheses and
organization of the thesis.
Chapter consists of the of related
studies ever by the graduates of the English
Department of the Teacher Training of
Mandala University and
the
theoretical framework.Chapter Methodology of Research, is
into four parts : population and samples, research
instruments, research design, and procedure of
collecting.
Chapter Analysis and Interpretation of Data,
of parts. The first part is the data
10 Joko Marsito Arcana,
tatistik Ekonomi
analysis and second part is data interpretation.
Chapter