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Pengelompokan Bakteri
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GRAM POSITIF Coccus
1. Pneumococcal ? Strep pneumonia
? Otitis media, sinusitis, pneumonia, meningitis 2. Staphylococcal
? S. aureus
? Skin and soft tissue, musculoskeletal, respiratory tract infection, bacteremia, infective endocarditis, TSS, SSSS, device-related infection
3. Streptococcal and Enterococcal
Table 136?1 Classification of Streptococci
Lancefield Group Representative Species Hemolytic Pattern Typical Infections A S. pyogenes Pharyngitis, impetigo, cellulitis, scarlet fever
B S. agalactiae Neonatal sepsis and meningitis, puerperal infection, urinary tract infection, diabetic ulcer infection, endocarditis C, G S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis Cellulitis, bacteremia, endocarditis
D Enterococcia: E. faecalis; E. faecium Usually nonhemolytic Urinary tract infection, nosocomial bacteremia, endocarditis Nonenterococci: S. bovis Usually nonhemolytic Bacteremia, endocarditis
Variable or nongroupable Viridans streptococci: S. sanguis; S. mitis Endocarditis, dental abscess, brain abscess Intermedius or milleri group: S. intermedius, S. anginosus, S. constellatus Variable Brain abscess, visceral abscess
Anaerobic streptococcib: Peptostreptococcus magnus Usually nonhemolytic Sinusitis, pneumonia, empyema, brain abscess, liver abscess
Basil
4. Corynebacterial ? Diphteria
5. Listeria monocytogenes ? Anaerob
? Sepsis ? CNS infection ? Endocarditis ? Gastrointestinal ? Focal infection 6. Clostridium ? Anaerob
? Clostridium tetany ? Clostridium botulinum ? Gas gangrene
GRAM NEGATIF Coccus
1. Meningococcal ? Neisseria meningitidis ? Diplococcus
? Life threatening diseases : meningococcal meningitis and fulminant meningococcemia ? Pneumonia, septic arthritis, pericarditis, urethritis, and conjunctivitis
2. Gonococcal ? Diplococcus 3. Moraxella
? Moraxella catarrhalis
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? Otitis media, sinusitis, bronchopulmonary infection Coccobacillus
4. Haemophilus
? Haemophilus influenzae ? Hib meningitis
? Pneumonia, COPD exacerbations, otitis media ? Haemophilus ducreyi --> chanchroid
Miscellaneous 5. HACEK
? Haemophillus, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, Kingella kingae Basil
6. Legionella 7. Bordetella
? Bordetella pertussis 8. Enteric
? Escherichia coli ? Klebsiella ? Proteus ? Enterobacter ? Acinetobacter ? Serratia ? Citrobacter
? Morganella and Providencia 9. Helicobacter pylori 10. Pseudomonas 11. Salmonellosis 12. Shigellosis 13. Campilobacter 14. Vibrio 15. Brucellosis 16. Tularemia 17. Yersinia 18. Bartonella 19. Donovanosis Gram Positif
- Strep, Group A, B, C, G - Strep. Pneumoniae - Viridans strep - Strep. Milleri - Enterococcus faecalis - Enterococcus faecium - Staph. Aureus (MSSA) - Staph. Aureus (MRSA) - Staph. Aureus (CA-MRSA) - Staph. Epidermidis
- C. jeikeium - L. monocytogenes Gram negatif - N. gonorrhoeae - N. miningitidis
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- M. catarrhalis - H. influenzae - E. coli - Klebsiella sp.
- E. coli/Klebs sp ESBL+ - E. coli/Klebs sp KPC+ - Enterobacter sp. - Serratia sp.
- Serrratia marcescens - Salmonella sp - Shigella sp. - Proteus mirabilis - Proteus vulgaris - Providencia sp. - Morganella sp. - Citrobacter sp. - Aeromonas sp - Acinetobacter sp. - Ps. Aeruginosa - B. (Ps.) cepacia - S. (X.) maltophilia - Y. eterocolitica - Legionella sp. - P. Multocida - H. ducreyi - C. freundii - C. diversus - F. tularensis - Brucella sp - V. vulnificus
-Misc:
- Chlamydophila sp - M. pneumoniae - Rickettsia sp
- Mycobacterium avium Anaerobes:
- Actinomyces - Bacteroides fragilis - P. melaninogenica - Clostridium difficile - Clostridium (not difficile) - Peptostreptococcus sp. Penicillin
- Peniccilllin G :
o bagus untuk beberapa gram positif, kecuali staph aureus o bisa untuk beberapa anaerob (clostridium)
o bisa untuk N. meningitidis Aminopenicillins
- ampicillin / amoxicillin
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o gram positif, tapi tambah sedikit kekuatan ke gram negatif (salmonella, shigella, e. coli, h. influenza) - amoxiclav
o gram positif o gram negatif o anaerob
o tapi tidak untuk pseudomonas aeruginosa - ampisillin sulbactam
o gram positif, negatif, anaerob o tdk pseudomonas
antipseudomonas carbapenem - meropenem
o gram positif, bisa untuk staph aureus (MSSA) o gram negatif
o anaerob fluoroquinolones - ciprofloxacin o gram positif
o lumayan bisa untuk strep, tapi yg UTI aja, tidak sistemik o kebanyakan gram negatif
o bisa untuk pseudomonas aeruginosa - Levofloxacin
o Gram positif o Gram negatif o anaerob
