CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
C. Design of research
In this study, the researcher used the form of classroom action research. According to Arikunto, action research is a form of self- reflection inquiry undertaken by participant in social situation in order to improverationally and justice their own social or educated practices as well as their understanding of this practices and the situation in which these practiced are accurate2.38 According to Wilkinson and Birmingam, Classroom research is part of a broad movement that has been going on in education generally for some time. It is related to the ideas of „reflective practice‟ and „the teacher as researcher‟. Action research involves taking a self- reflective, critical, and systematic approach to explore your own teaching contexts. In action research, a teacher becomes an
investigator or explorer of his or her
38Arikunto S. Prosedur Penelitian: Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. (Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2006), p. 94
personal teaching context, while at the same time being one of the participants in it. It means that one of the main aims of action research is to identify problematic situation or issue that the participants who may include teachers, students, managers, or even parents consider worth looking into more deeply and systematically.39
Another expert corroborates the definition of classroom action researchaccording to kemmis, (in Hopkins), Classroom research is a form of self-reflective enquiry undertaken by participants in social (including educational) situations in order to improve the rationality and justice of their own social or educational practices and their understanding of their practice, the situation in which the practices are carried out. It is most rationally impowering when undertaken by participants collaboratively, though it is often undertaken by individuals, and sometimes in cooperation with outsiders. Another expert corroborates the definition of classroom action research according to kemmis, (in Hopkins), Classroom research is a form of self-reflective enquiry undertaken by participants in social
39 Wilkinson, D & Birmingham “Using Research Instrument: A Guide for Researchers.Francis, Taylor & Francis” p. 2003.
(including educational) situations in order to improve the rationality and justice of their own social or educational practices and their understanding of their practice, the situation in which the practices are carried out.
It is most rationally impowering when undertaken by participants collaboratively, though it is often undertaken by individuals, and sometimes in cooperation with outsidersThe researcher conducts the research in two cycles. Classroom action research involves four steps those are; planning, action, observation, and reflection. Classroom action research is a study of learning activities in the form of an action, which deliberately rose, and occurs in a class together.40Therefore, it means that classroom action research is research conducted in the classroom. There are some models provided for action research design, including Kurt Lewin, Kemmis Mc Taggart, Jhon Ellit, Hopkins, MC Kernans, and Dave Ebbut Model. This study adopted Kemmis Mc Taggart Model due to the model is flexible and educate researcher to be more creative as to teaching strategy. Based on the type of researcher have choose action research and this research chose model Kemmis Mc Taggart
40Arikunto. (2012:3)
Model.Kemmis Mc Taggart Model is an advancement model of Kurt model. Kemmis Mc Targgart Model has same components as Kurt Model, namely planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. But, one causes it different is that Kemmis Mc Taggart Model integrates action and observation steps into one phase. This model does not have any cycle boundaries because it depends on the outcome. It indicates that researcher has chance to operate second, third or more cycles if the outcome does not show great achievement.
Meanwhile, the researcher uses classroom Action Research because the research wants to know the improvement and the significant influence of using oral presentation to improve students‟
speaking ability. This research uses Kemmis and Mc Taggart in the Arikunto model as the design of research. There is an action research model that the researcher uses as follows (Kammis and Mc Taggart).41
41 Miraya Likhulaila Nasution, “Implementation, p. 39
Scheme 1. Cyclical Action Research Model
Defenation of terms:
a. Planning
Planning is the first step in research the data was collected to solve the problem. Researchers are developing plans to improve teaching and learning. After learning about the challenges faced by students, researchers have come up with ways to help solve the problem.
b. Action
Action is the researcher takes action on the plan that has been drafted by the researcher. At this point, the researcher began to apply the method.
c. Observing
Observation is to determine the effectiveness of action or gather information about the lack of action that has been carried out. During the action, the researcher collected the data through the act of the observing learning process and the obstacles which might appear.42
d. Reflecting
42Gallis Nawang,‟‟ Improving the Speaking Skills of Grade Viii Students of SMP Negeri 2 Godean through Pictures‟, English education department of Yogyakarta state university, p. 50. 2014
Reflecting is the step of analyzing the observation or planning new is essential to better understand the situation.
Reflection means thinking about the effect of an action, whether it has been successful or not. If you haven't reached your goal Researchers need to perform a second cycle, which can be stopped if: Achieve the goal