CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
A. Research findings
This research was conducted in two cycles, including cycle I and cycle II. Each cycle consisted of four stages of action research that are planning, action, observation, and reflection. Every cycle would be reflected and evaluated to know the result of the research. This section is divided into two parts, including finding in the first and the second cycle. The first cycle was concluded with by pa re-test that was conducted in three meetings while the second cycle was conducted in three meetings too. In the last meeting of every cycle the students took the namely post test 1 for cycle 1 and post-test 2 for cycle 2. Further detail of findings can be seen as follow:
1. First cycle a. Planning
In the planning stage, the researcher decided the topic, basic competence and instructional objectives that would be delivered to the students by applying oral presentation technique. The researcher also prepared a lesson plan to apply the teaching materials, observation checklist, field note, a guideline for the assessment and had a discussion with the English teacher. Then prepared the media for teaching, the researcher asks subject to make conversation about inviting, accepting an invitation, and declining an invitation a person to do something as the material of teaching and learning process which is based on the lesson plan. In conducting the research, the researcher was helped by the teacher in documented learning activity. Before collecting the data, teacher introduced the researcher aim to conduct the data in the classroom action research. Other than that, the researcher also prepared the test for pra cycle to know the students‟ ability and whether the students‟ score have progressed or not from test in cycle 1 to cycle 2.
b. Acting
Action consisted of three meetings. In the first meeting the researcher explains the aims of conducted the data in the classroom and explained about the method which applied during the research is conducted, in the second meeting is about the researcher applied the method during teaching and learning process, and third meeting the researcher continue to applied the oral presentation in teaching and learning process.
Before involving students in action learning, the researcher acts as the teacher and the English teacher acts as the observer who observes the teaching and learning process. The complete descriptions of cycle 1 are presented as follows:
1) First meeting
The first meeting conducted on 06Augustus, 2021.
It started with the teacher greets students and students respond teacher greeting. Then teacher checks students‟
attendance and afterwards the teacher deliver topic and instructional goal. It‟s begun from building students understanding about speaking and oral presentation, the students were quiet and paid attention. In this meeting the researcher explains her aims of conducted the data in the
classroom and the researcher give a bit explanation about oral presentation and how the class will be conduct in the next meeting. The last, the teacher closes the learning process and will continue the next meeting.
2) Second meeting
This meeting was conducted on Augustus, 2022.
In this meeting the researcher applied the oral presentation technique in teaching and learning process. The procedure is the researcher started the lesson by the teacher greets students and students respond teacher greeting. Then teacher checks students' attendance and then reviewing the material of oral presentation that was about conversation inviting, accepting an invitation, and declining an invitation. They had question about the meaning of some vocabularies. Further, the researcher interacted with them to build their background understanding with the researcher would read the points of vocabularies who not understanding by student‟s then the students were repeated. Next, the researcher discussed the meaning of the words. So that, after discussed the students try to understanding the word by word, after that they translated
and then the researcher implored the students in pairs and conversation in front of the class. Furthermore, after they conversation, the teacher gives a positive feedback and support students and closes a learning process. The researcher did the test in the next meeting.
3) Third meeting
This meeting was conducted in Augustus, 2021. In this meeting the researcher starts the test of student‟s speaking ability through oral presentation technique. The procedure is the researcher started the lesson by the teacher greets students and students respond teacher greeting. Then teacher checks students‟ attendance and then reviewing the material of oral presentation technique, that conversation was about inviting, accepting an invitation, and declining an invitation. The researcher started to prepare rubric for students‟ score. The students gathered with in paired then student prepare their self with class mate before the test starts. The researcher was giving one material for all pairs about inviting someone to party in previous meeting and then the teacher will continue the speaking test for all pairs, when the test began the
researchers prepare one by one of pairs to conversation in front of the class. During the conversation, the researcher paid attention to them for filling out the rubric score to give each student value from his performance include grammar, pronunciation, vocabulary, fluency and comprehensibility. After completing the test, the researcher gives a positive feedback and closes the learning Process.
c. Observation
The English teacher at MTs Sullamul Ma‟ad Al-Ma‟arif as the observer the teaching and learning process, In the same phase with instruction the observer tried to look for possible position to monitor the teaching and learning process. The observer started observing the teaching and learning activities based on the teacher and students‟ test. The observation runs for one hour. The result of the observation of cycle 1 as follows:
1. Observation sheet
This observation included two kinds of activity, namely teachers‟ and students‟ activities. Each of the activities will be described below;
a. Teacher‟s activity of test
In this test, researcher figured out how the implementation of teaching technique offered. Here is the table of teacher test in cycle 1, in order to evaluate the activity, the following scores are used.
Note: 1= Poor 2= Fair 3= Good 4= Excellent
Table 4.1
Teacher’s activity of test in cycle 1
No Activities Score
Preparations 1 2 3 4
1 Teacher‟s physical preparation on earn program
√
2 Teacher‟s preparation on instructional device, include lesson plan
√
3 Teacher‟s preparation on instruction media
√
Initial Activities
4 Teacher greets students √
5 Teacher checks students‟ attendance √ 6 Teacher gives motivation and reviews last
material
√
7 Teacher conveys instructional goal √ 8 Teacher explains about oral presentation √ 9 Teacher explains about inviting, accepting
an invitation, and declining an invitation
√
Core Activities
10 Teacher asks the students to read an conversation
√
11 Teacher asks the students to be in pairs √
12 Teacher controls students‟ activity √ 13 Teacher explains the problem that
students faced
√
14 giving feedback √
Closing Activities
15 Teacher infers the content of students‟
activity
√
16 Teacher gives assignment for students √ 17 Teacher informs the students for the next
material
√
18 Teacher closes the learning program √
Total score 51
Maximum score 72
Percentage 70 %
Total score is getting from every teacher activity such as giving apperception related to material, greeting the
students and so on. Score of teacher activities is getting from this formula below:
Score of activities
For the category obtained from the final score of teacher activities. There are four categories of teachers score such as:
No Teachers Score Category
1 90-100 Excellent
2 85-75 Good
3 60-50 fair
4 40-0 poor
Score of activities
P=70 %
From the observation of teacher activities above, the result has showed that teacher score was 70 which means that the teacher activivties was well. Yet, there are some aspects need to be improved speaking ability using theme-based teaching, the teacher instruction to find main idea, important detail and difficult vocabularies, the teacher in helping the students to find out main idea and important detail and soon.
b. Students‟ activity of test Table 4.2
Students’ activities of test in cycle 1
No Activities Score
Preparations 1 2 3 4
1 Physical preparation of students for the instruction
√ 2 Students‟ preparation on
instructional equipment
√ 3 Students‟ preparation on
speaking activity
√ Initial Activities
4 Students respond teacher‟s greeting
√ 5 Students follow teacher‟s
instruction
√ 6 Students receive description of
oral presentation to improve
√
speaking ability
7 Students receive description of material about inviting, accepting an invitation, and declining an invitation
√
8 Students accept feedback from the teacher
√ Closing Activities
9 Students conclude the lesson with the teacher
√ 10 Students receive the assignment
from the teacher
√
11 Students respond teacher‟s greeting
√
Total score 33
Maximum 44
Score of activities 75 %
Total score is taken from all students‟ activities.
Score of student‟s activities is getting from this formula below:
Score of acti
vities
For the category obtained from the final score of student‟s activities. There are four categories of teachers score such as;
No Teachers Score Category
1 90-100 Excellent
2 85-75 Good
3 60-50 fair
4 40-0 poor
Score of activities
P
P= 75%
From the observation of student‟s activities above, the result has showed that teacher score was 75 which means that the student‟s participation was well. Yet, there are some aspects need to be improved such as the student‟s attention to teacher explanation, the students being active in learning process, the courage of students in asking the question related to the material, the students‟ opinion when discussing and so forth.
c. The students score 1. Pra cycle
Table 4.3
Students score in Pra-cycle of speaking ability No Initial
Name
Aspects Total score
Conversion score G P F V C
1 MY 2 3 2 3 3 13 52
2 SYP 3 5 4 3 4 19 76
3 SA 3 2 3 3 2 13 52
4 NM 3 3 2 4 3 15 60
5 KA 4 3 5 4 3 19 76
6 RZN 2 3 4 3 3 15 60
7 SB 3 4 3 3 2 15 60
8 MR 2 3 2 4 3 14 56
9 RMS 2 4 3 3 3 15 60
10 AZ 2 5 4 5 5 21 84
11 AHD 3 2 3 2 4 14 56
12 STY 3 2 3 3 4 15 60
13 DW 2 2 2 3 2 11 44
14 BMA 3 2 3 3 2 13 52
15 DA 2 3 2 3 2 12 48
16 RKY 2 2 3 3 3 13 52
17 WR 3 3 2 2 3 13 52
18 LA 2 4 4 5 4 19 76
19 RY 3 2 2 4 2 13 52
20 TPM 3 2 2 3 2 12 48
21 ALS 2 3 2 4 2 13 52
22 RSA 2 2 2 3 4 12 48
23 AF 3 2 2 3 2 12 48
Total 1.296
Means 56
Success rate 13%
The process of getting score was taken from each students score in every aspect. The example is WR got 3 in Grammar and 3 in pronunciation and 2 in flunce and 2 in vocabulary and 3 in coherent, all the score was 3+3+2+2+3= 13. The process of getting conversion score as follows:
The process of getting mean score
Example:
The process of getting success rate as follows;
Example:
From the table above, the students who took the test was 23 students. Based on the table, the score was 1296 which was gathered from all students score. The mean score was taken from the result of students total score which divided with the student‟s number. The mean score was 56. It means the score is low and need improvement in order to make the result better.
2. Test in cycle 1
Table 4.4
Students’ score of Test in cycle 1 No Initial
Name
Aspects Total score
Conversi on score G P F V C
1 MY 3 4 3 4 3 17 68
2 SYP 2 3 3 4 4 16 64
3 SA 2 3 3 3 3 14 56
4 NM 2 3 3 3 4 15 60
5 KA 4 3 5 4 4 20 80
6 RZN 3 5 4 4 3 19 76
7 SB 3 3 3 3 3 15 60
8 MR 2 3 2 3 3 13 52
9 RMS 3 4 3 4 2 16 64
10 AZ 2 4 3 5 5 19 76
11 AHD 3 2 3 3 3 14 56
12 STY 3 4 3 4 3 17 68
13 DW 4 3 5 4 5 21 84
14 BMA 2 3 3 4 3 15 60
15 DA 3 3 2 3 4 15 60
16 RKY 3 2 3 2 5 15 60
17 WR 2 3 4 4 3 16 64
18 LA 3 4 4 5 4 20 80
19 RY 3 4 3 4 4 18 72
20 TPM 3 5 4 5 4 21 84
21 ALS 2 3 4 3 3 15 60
22 RSA 3 4 4 4 3 18 72
23 AF 4 3 5 4 5 21 84
Total 1.560
Mean 67
Success rate 30%
Based on the table there was a conversion which is a technique for processing and converting raw test result into standard scores. All the score in conversion was taken using the formula which mentioned in data analysis. The total of conversion was 1.560. About the mean of the conversion that took from the total conversion divided with the
number of students; the mean of conversion was 67.
It means the cycle 1 was not success, because the standard score was 75. Furthermore, the researcher decided to continue to the second cycle. Process and the result of study in cycle I generally can be reflected or evaluated, and stated that in one meeting of the students‟ activities do not completely run as the lesson planning. For example, some students lack of speaking and did not active in the class, the teacher does not explain about narrative text clearly. As a result, the students‟ outcome did not indicate a great score as stated in research targets. Thus, based on the reflection, the researcher designed lesson planning for the next action. The lesson planning was revised and completed based on the reflection in cycle I to be able to enhance students speaking comprehension.
2. Second Cycle
In this Cycle was conducted to complete the weaknesses obtained on cycle I based on the reflection. This cycle operated with the same shapes but different types.
a. Planning
After finding the result from the students speaking skill was enough which was proven by their post-test 1 scores, the researcher decided to do next cycle to know the real that the students were succeed or not in improving their speaking skill. The researcher arranges the lesson plan with same modification as the first cycle based on reflection result.
Beside of that, the researcher still also prepared the material of theme based and scoring rubric test speaking. Next the researcher also prepared test 2 to collect the data.
b. Acting
This acting conducted in three meetings. Each of the meetings will be described in general below;
1. First meeting
In the first meeting of this cycle, the researcher asked the students about what they have not understood in theme- based teaching and what the difficulties that they found when applying theme-based strategy in speaking. The procedure of this cycle same as the previous cycle like the researcher explained the material related to theme-based strategy and the example of pronounce the world.
Afterward, the researcher asked the students to read a conversation and try to understanding in every conversation. In this step, the researcher also allowed the students to ask the question that have not understood and give them chance to lay out their answer when discuss together about the main idea and important detail.
2. Second meeting
In this meeting, the researcher asked students to read the conversation about declining an invitation of birthday after they read the conversation, the researcher gave some questions about the conversation that they have read before, and then the teacher informs them about the conversation.
The researcher divided the test to the students and gave them the direction how to answer the question and the researcher oversees the students working then practice speaking in front of the class.
3. Third meeting
It was the last meeting of cycle 2, the researcher decided this is the last meeting because the researcher already known the student‟s speaking ability have improved. In this meeting the researcher did the post test 2
to get the score of the students. Before the researcher did the test, the researcher started to review the last material to re-remember the students understanding about accepting an invitation of birthday by using oral presentation Theme Based Teaching approach. After that the researcher informed to the students about the test and directly the student started to did the test.
c. Observation
1. Observation sheets
This observation included two kinds of activity, namely teacher and student activities. Each of them will describe below:
a. Teacher's activity worksheets
Here is the table of teacher worksheets score in cycle 2. In order to evaluate the activity, the following scores are used.
Not 1= Poor 2 =Fair 3 = Good 4 = Excellent
Table 4.5
Teacher's activity of test in cycle 2
No Activities score
Preparations 1 2 3 4
1 Teacher‟s physical preparation on earn program
√
2 Teacher‟s preparation on instructional device, include lesson plan
√
3 Teacher‟s preparation on instruction media
√
Initial Activities
4 Teacher greets students √
5 Teacher checks students‟ attendance √ 6 Teacher gives motivation and reviews
last material
√
7 Teacher conveys instructional goal √ 8 Teacher explains about oral
presentation
√
9 Teacher explains about inviting, accepting an invitation, and declining an invitation
√
Core Activities
10 Teacher asks the students to read an conversation
√
11 Teacher asks the students to be in pairs √ 12 Teacher controls students‟ activity √ 13 Teacher explains the problem that
students faced
√
14 giving feedback √
Closing Activities
15 Teacher infers the content of students‟ √
activity
16 Teacher gives assignment for students √ 17 Teacher informs the students for the
next material
√
18 Teacher closes the learning program √
Total score 63
Maximum 72
Score of activities 87%
Total score is getting from every teacher activity such as giving apperception related to material, greeting the students and so on. Score of teacher activities is getting from this formula below:
Percentage of activities
For the category obtained from the final score of teacher activities. There are four categories of teachers‟
score such as:
No Teachers Score Category
1 90-100 Excellent
2 85-75 Good
3 60-50 fair
4 40-0 poor
Score of activities
P= 87%
From the observation of teacher activities above, the result has showed that teacher score was 87 which means that the teacher teaches Excellent. Yet, there are some aspects need to be improved speaking ability using theme-based teaching, the teacher instruction to find main idea, important detail and difficult vocabularies, the teacher in helping the students to find out main idea and important detail and soon.
b. Students' activity worksheets Table 4.6
Students' activity of Test in cycle 2
No Activities score
Preparations 1 2 3 4
1 Physical preparation of students for the instruction
√
2 Students‟ preparation on instructional equipment
√
3 Students‟ preparation on speaking activity
√
Initial Activities
4 Students respond teacher‟s greeting √
5 Students follow teacher‟s instruction √ 6 Students receive description of oral
presentation to improve speaking ability
√
7 Students receive description of material about inviting, accepting an invitation, and declining an invitation
√
8 Students accept feedback from the teacher
√
Closing Activities
9 Students conclude the lesson with the teacher
√
10 Students receive the assignment from the teacher
√
11 Students respond teacher‟s greeting √
Total score 40
Maximum 44
Score of activities 90 %
Total score is taken from all student‟s activities.
Score of student activities is getting from this formula below;
Percentage of activities
For the category obtained from the final score of student‟s activities. There are four categories of teachers score such as:
No Students‟ Score Category
1 90-100 Excellent
2 85-75 Good
3 60-50 fair
4 40-0 poor
Score of activities
P= 90
From the observation of students' activities above, the result has showed that teacher score was 90 which means that the students' participation was Excellent. Yet, there are some aspects need to be improved such as the students' attention to teacher explanation, the students being active in learning process, the courage of students in asking the question related to the material, the student‟s opinion when discussing and so forth.
c. Students‟ score
Table 4.7
Students' Score of Test in cycle 2 No Initial
Name
Aspects Total score
Conversion score G P F V C
1 MY 4 4 4 5 4 22 95
2 SYP 4 4 5 4 5 21 91
3 SA 3 4 5 4 5 20 86
4 NM 3 4 3 4 3 17 73
5 KA 4 5 5 4 4 22 95
6 RZN 4 5 5 5 4 22 95
7 SB 3 5 4 4 5 21 91
8 MR 3 4 3 4 4 18 78
9 RMS 3 4 5 4 5 21 91
10 AZ 4 4 5 4 4 21 91
11 AHD 3 3 4 3 4 18 78
12 STY 4 5 5 5 4 22 95
13 DW 4 3 5 4 5 21 91
14 BMA 3 5 5 4 5 22 95
15 DA 3 4 4 4 3 17 73
16 RKY 2 3 5 3 3 18 69
17 WR 4 5 3 4 4 20 86
18 LA 3 4 4 4 5 20 86
19 RY 3 5 5 4 5 22 95
20 TPM 3 5 4 5 4 21 91
21 ALS 4 3 4 4 5 20 86
22 RSA 5 5 5 5 4 22 95
23 AF 4 5 3 5 5 21 91
Total 2.017
Mean 87
Success rate 91%
Based on the table there was a conversion which is a technique for processing and converting raw test result
into standard scores. All the score in conversion was taken using the formula which was mentioned in data analysis. The total of conversion was 2.017. About the mean of conversion that took from the total conversion divided with the number of students, based on the table the mean was 87. It could be concluded that the students' speaking ability was improved. It was meant that the test in cycle 2 categorized success.
Table 4.8
Score of students' activities
Meeting Total
score
Mean Success rate Before applying
strategy
1296 56 13%
Cycle 1 1560 67 30%
Cycle 2 1896 87 72%
The result of research showed that there was improvement of students' score from the test before applying oral presentation to test in cycle 1. The students' score in pre-test was only 56 and 13% in success rate. Then, after applying summarizing strategy in post- test 1 of cycle 1 the students' score in speaking ability was 67 and 30 % in success rate, the score in