CHAPTER IV THE CRITICISM OF HADITHS’ SANAD
E. The Fifth Hadith
َيِضَر َةَرْ يَرُى ِبَِأ ْنَع ،ِجَرْعَلأا ِنَع ،َناَوْكَذ ِنْبا ِنَع ،ُناَيْفُس اَنَ ثَّدَح ،َفُسوُي ُنْب ُدَّمَُمُ اَنَ ثَّدَح َُّللَّا
: َلاَق َمَّلَسَو ِوْيَلَع ُالل ىَّلَص ِِّبَِّنلا ِنَع ،ُوْنَع ْعِبَّتَ يْلَ ف ٍّيِلَم ىَلَع َعِبْتُأ ْنَمَو ،ٌمْلُظ ِِّنَِغلا ُلْطَم «
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a. Al-Bukha>ri>
He was a hadith scholar whose fullname Muh}ammad bin Isma>’i>l bin Ibra>hi>m bin al-Mugi>rah bin Bardizbahal-Ju’fi> Abu> ‘Abdulla>h bin al-H{asan al-Bukha>ri>
al-Ju’fi>. He was the author of the most authentic hadith book, al-Ja>mi’ al- S{ah}i>h} al-Bukha>ri>, and many other works.384 He transmitted hadith from Ibra>hi>m bin H{amzah, Ibra>hi>m bin al-Munz\ir, Ah{mad bin Muh}ammad al- Azra>qi>, S|a>bit bin Muh}ammad al-Syaiba>ni>, al-H{asan bin al-Rabi>’, Zakariyya>
bin Yah}ya>, Suraij bin al-Nu’ma>n, ‘Abda>n bin ‘Us\ma>n, Qais bin H{afs}, Qabi>s}ah bin ‘Uqbah, Muh}ammad bin Yu>suf, and many other transmitters he studied with. His birthday was in Shawal, 194 AH in Bukhara city.385 He made journeys to various city to study hadith with all hadith scholars. He settled down in Naisabur for 5 years, and studied with Muh}ammad bin Yah}ya> there.386 He died on the night of Eid al-Fitr celebration in 256 AH.
Ibnu H{ibba>n included him in al-S|iqa>t book and said ‚He is a chosen one who made journeys for hadith, collected and memorized hadith.387 Mu>sa> bin Ha>ru>n al-H{amma>l said, ‚Even if Muslims from the whole world cooperate to compose works like al-Bukha>ri> did, they did not.‛388 S{a>lih} bin Muh}ammad
384 Al-Mizzi>, Tahz\i>b al-Kama>l fi> Asma>’ al-Rija>l, juz 24, p. 431.
385 Al-Kha>t}ib al-Bagda>di>, Ta>ri>kh al-Bagda>di>, juz 2, p. 322.
386 Abu> ‘Abdulla>h al-H{a>kim Muh}ammad bin ‘Abdulla>h bin Muh}ammad bin H{amdawaih bin Nu’aim bin al-H{akam al-D{abi> al-T{ahma>ni> al-Naisabu>ri>, Talkhi>s} Ta>rikh Naisabu>r, p. 29.
387 Ibnu H{ibba>n, al-S|iqa>t, juz 9, p. 113.
388 Muh}ammad bin ‘Abdul Ga>ni> bin Abi> Bakr bin Syuja>’ al-H{anbali> al-Bagda>di>, Taqyi>d li Ma’rifah Ruwa>t al-Sunan wa al-Masa>nid, juz 1, p 32.
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al-Asadi> stated that noone more genius that al-Bukha>ri>. Islamic scholars agreed in admitting his trustworthy, cleverness and breakthrough.389
b. Muh}ammad bin Yu>suf
Muh}ammad bin Yu>suf bin Wa>qid bin ‘Us\ma>n al-D{abi>, maula> Abu> ‘Abdulla>h al-Firya>bi> who lived in Caesarea, Sham.390 He died in Ra>bi’ al-Awwa>l 212 AH391 in the age of 92 AH.392
He was a student of Aba>n bin ‘Abdulla>h, al-H{a>ris\ bin Sulaima>n, Za>idah bin Quda>mah, al-Sari> bin Yah}ya>, Sufya>n bin ‘Uyainah, S{adaqah bin ‘Abdulla>h,
‘Abdul H{ami>d bin Bahra>m, ‘Umar bin Ra>syid, ‘I<sa> bin ‘Abdurrah}man, Fud}ail bin Marzu>q, Mu’a>wiyah bin Yah}ya>, Yah}ya> bin Ayyu>b, Abu> Bakr bin
‘Ayya>sy, and many others. He was a teacher of al-Bukha>ri>, Ibra>hi>m bin Yu>suf al-Firya>bi>, Ah}mad bin al-Azhar al-Naisabu>ri>, Ah}mad bin ‘Abd al- Wa>h}i>d, Sa’i>d bin Asad al-Mis}ri>, Salamah bin Syabi>b al-Naisa>bu>ri>, ‘Abd al-
‘Azi>z bin ‘Imra>n al-Mis}ri> and others.393
Ah}mad bin H{anbal said, ‚I met al-Firya>bi> in Mecca. He was a s}a>lih} one.‛394 Yah}ya> bin Ma’i>n preferred al-Firya>bi>’s note more than Qabi>s}ah’s.395 Abu>
Bakr bin Abi> Khais\amah said, ‚Yah}ya> was asked about who was the best among Sufya>n bin ‘Uyainah’s student. He answered: al-Firya>bi>, Abu>
H{az\i>fah, Qabi>s}ah bin ‘Uqbah, ‘Ubaidulla>h, Abu> ‘A<s}im, Abu> Ah}mad al- Zubairi>, and ‘Abdurrazza>q.‛ al-Bukha>ri> stated that the most s}ah}i>h} hadith narrated by Sufya>n bin ‘Uyainah was the one through al-Firya>bi>. He was a
389 Abu> Zakariyya> Muh}yi al-Di>n Yah}ya> bin Syari>f al-Nawawi>, Tahz\i>b al-Asma>’ wa al- Luga>t, juz 1 (Beirut: Da>r al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, n.y.), p. 67.
390 Al-Mizzi>, Tahz\i>b al-Kama>l fi> Asma>’ al-Rija>l, juz 27, p. 52.
391 Abu> Sa’i>d, Ta>ri>kh Ibnu Yu>nus, p.2, p. 230.
392 al-As\ri>, Akram bin Muh}ammad Ziya>dah al-Fa>lu>ji>. al-Mu’jam al-S{agi>r li Ruwa>t Ibnu Jari>r al-T{abari>, juz 2, p. 539.
393 Al-Mizzi>, Tahz\i>b al-Kama>l fi> Asma>’ al-Rija>l, juz 27, p. 54.
394 Al-Z|ahabi>, Ta>ri>kh al-Isla>m, juz 5, p. 455.
395 Al-Z|ahabi>, Siyar A’la>m al-Nubala>’, juz 8, p. 289.
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most excellent in his era.396 Al-Nasa>’i> found him s\iqah. Ibnu Abi> H{a>tim preferred al-Firya>bi> more than Yah{ya> bin Yama>n, while his father rated him s}adu>q s}iqah.397 Muh}ammad bin ‘Abd al-Malik bin Zanju>yah acclaim him as the most wara>’ (careful of sins) person he could ever see.398 Al-Zahabi> found him al-ima>m al-h}a>fiz}. al-Suyu>t}i> stated that he was an ima>m.399 His excellency in hadith was also admitted by al-Zarkali>.400
c. Sufya>n bin ‘Uyainah
Sufya>n bin ‘Uyainah bin Abi> ‘Imra>n. His kunyah was Abu> Muh}ammad, maula> of Bani> ‘Abdulla>h bin Rawbiyyah.401 His father’s hometown was Kufah,402 but he resided in Mecca.403 He was born on Sya’ba>n 107 AH. Then he attended al-S|auri>’s class in his 16 years. His death was on Saturday of the end of Juma>d al-A<khi>r 198 AH.404
His teachers were al-Zuhri>, ‘Amr bin Di>na>r, Sahl bin Abi> S{a>lih}, Hisya>m bin
‘Urwah, Muh}ammad bin al-Munkadir, al-A’masy, Abu> al-Zina>d ‘Abdulla>h bin Z|akwa>n, ‘A<s}i>m bin ‘Ubaidulla>h, al-S}a’b bin H{aki>m, Suhail bin Abi>
S{a>lih}, S{adaqah bin Yassa>r, and many others.405 His students were Ibra>hi>m bin Basysya>r, Ibra>hi>m bin Muh}ammad al-Fiza>ri>, Ah}mad bin S{a>lih} al-Mis}ri>, Ah}mad bin S|a>bit, Da>wud bin ‘Amr, al- H{asan bin S{aba>h}, Khalla>d bin Aslam,
396 Al-‘As\qala>ni>, Lisa>n al-Mi>za>n, juz 7, p. 380.
397 Abu> al-Wali>d Sulaima>n bin Khalf bin Sa’ad bin Ayyu>b bin Wa>ris\ al-Qurt}ubi> al-Ba>ji>
al-Andalu>si>, al-Ta’di>l wa al-Tajri>h} li Man Kharaja Lah al-Bukha>ri> fi> al-Ja>mi’al-S{ah}i>h}, juz 2, p.
685. 398 Muh}ammad bin ‘Ali> bin Ah}mad Syams al-Di>n al-Da>wu>di> al-Ma>liki>, T{abaqa>t al- Mufarrasi>n li al-Da>wu>di>, juz 2 (Beirut: Da>r al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, n.y.), p. 293.
399 ‘Abdurrah}man bin Abi> Bakr Jala>l al-Di>n al-Suyu>t}i>, T{abaqa>t al-H{uffa>z}, (Beirut: Da>r al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1403), p. 163.
400 Khair al-DI>n bin Mah}mu>d bin ‘Ali> bin Fa>ris al-Zarkali> al-Dimasyqi>, al-A’la>m, juz 7, p. 147.
401 Ibnu Sa’ad, al-T{abaqa>t al-Kubra>, juz 6, p. 41.
402 Al-Bukha>ri>, Ta>ri>kh al-Kabi>r, juz 2, p. 376.
403 Ibnu Abi> H{a>tim, al-Jarh} wa al-Ta’di>l, juz 4, p. 226.
404 Ibnu H{ibba>n, Masya>hir ‘Ulama>’ al-Ams}a>r wa A’la>m Fuqaha>’ al-Aqt}a>r, p. 236.
405 Abu> al-‘Abba>s Syams al-Di>n Ah}mad bin Muh}ammad bin Ibra>hi>m Abi> Bakr bin Khalka>n al-Barkami> al-Irbili>, Wafiya>t al-A’ya>n wa Anba>’ al-Zama>n, juz 2, p. 391.
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Ru>h} bin Aslam, Sa’i>d bin ‘Abdurrah}man, Sulaim>an al-A’masy, Muh}ammad bin Idri>s al-Sya>fi’i>, Mu’tamar bin Sulaima>n, Nu’aim bin H{amma>d, Muh}ammad bin Yu>suf al-Firya>bi>, Mukhallid bin Kha>lid, al-Nad}r bin Musa>wir, and many others.406
Yah}ya> bin Ma’i>n found him s\iqah.407 Ibnu H{ibba>n included him in his al- S|iqa>t and rated him mutqi>n, huffa>z} and ahl al-wara>’ (so careful).408 Abu>
Ya’la> al-Khali>li> found him ima>m, muttafaq ‘alaih (he was agreed).409 Ah}mad bin H{anbal said that Sufya>n was the most s\abat in transmitting hadith from
‘Amr bin DI>na>r.410 Syams al-Di>n al-Da>wu>di> al-Maliki> found him ima>m (leader), h}ujjah, h}a>fiz} and knowledgeable.411
d. Abu> al-Zina>d
He was a transmitter whose fullname Abu> al-Zina>d Abdulla>h bin Z|akwa>n Maula> Ramlah binti Syaibah bin ‘Abd al-Syams ‘Abd Mana>f. His kunyah was Abu> ‘Abdurrah}man, maula> of family of ‘Us\ma>n al-Qurasyi> al-Madani>.
He was born in 65 AH, and passed away on Ramadhan 131 AH.412
His teachers were Anas bin Ma>lik, Abu> Uma>mah bin Sahl, Aba>n bin
‘Us\ma>n, ‘Urwah, Abu> Salamah bin ‘Abdurrah}man, ‘Abdurrah}man al-A’raj, Mukha>lid bin ‘Awf, Ibnu al-Musayyib, ‘Ubaid bin H{unain, and others. While his students were his son, Mu>sa> bin ‘Uqbah, Ibnu Abi> Malaikah, S{a>lih} bin
406 Al-Mizzi>, Tahz\i>b al-Kama>l fi> Asma>’ al-Rija>l, juz 11, p. 187.
407 Abu> Bakr Ah}mad bin Abi> Khais\amah, Akhba>r al-Makkiyyi>n bin Kita>b al-Ta>ri>kh al- Kabi>r Lianna Abi> Khais\amah (Riyadh: Da>r al-Wat}an, 1997), p. 378.
408 Ibnu H{ibba>n, al-S|iqa>t, juz 6, p. 404.
409 al-Qaswi>ni>, Abu> Ya’la> Khali>l bin ‘Abdulla>h bin Ah}mad bin Ibra>hi>m bin al-Khali>l. al- Irsya>d fi> Ma’rifah ‘Ulama> al-H{adi>s\, juz 1, p. 354.
410 Al-Sayyid Abu> al-Ma’a>t}i> al-Nawri>, Muassasah Aqwa>l al-Ima>m Ah}mad bin H{anbal fi>
Rija>l al-H{adi>s\ wa ‘Ilalih, juz 2 (Beirut: ‘A<lim al-Kutub, 1997), p. 64.
411 Muh}ammad bin ‘Ali> bin Ah}mad Syams al-Di>n al-Da>wu>di> al-Ma>liki>, T{abaqa>t al- Mufarrasi>n li al-Da>wu>di>, p. 197.
412 Al-Bukha>ri>, al-Ta>ri>kh al-Awasat}, juz 2, p. 27.
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Kaisa>n, Warqa>’ bin ‘Amr, Ma>lik, al-lais\, Za>’idah, Syu’aib bin Abi> H{amzah, al-Mugi>rah bin ‘Abdurrah}man, Sa’i>d bin Abi> Hila>l, Sufya>n bin ‘Uyainah.413 Abu> Khais\amah said, ‚Abu> al-Zina>d was a fiqh (islamic law) scholar in Medina. He had a lot of notes, he studied hadith from Hisya>m along with al- Zuhri>.‛414 Masya>hir ‘Ulama> al-Ams}a>r book stated that he did not memorize his hadith but wrote it.415 al-Z|ahabi> found him ima>m, faqi>h, h}a>fiz}, mufti>.416 Sufya>n bin ‘Uyainah found him ami>r al-mu’mini>n fi> al-h}adi>s\ (The Commander of the Faithful in the study of tradition).
e. Al-A’raj
His complete name was ‘Abdurrah}man bin Harmaz al-A’raj Abu> Da>wud al- Madani> maula> Rabi>’ah bin al-H{a>ris\ bin ‘Abd al-Mut}t}alib. He moved to Alexandria and resided there untill his death in 117 AH.417
He was a student of Asi>d bin Ra>fi’, ‘Abdulla>h bin ‘Abba>s, ‘Abdulla>h bin Ka’ab, ‘Abd al-Malik bin al-Mugi>rah, Mu’a>wiyah bin Abi> Sufya>n, Marwa>n bin al-H{akam, Abu> Sa’i>d al-Khuduri>, Abu> Hurairah, and others. While he was a teacher of Asi>d bin Yazi>d, Ja’far bin Rabi>’ah, al-H{a>ris\ bin
‘Abdurrah}man al-H{akam bin Muslim, Sa’i>d bin Yazi>d al-Qitba>ni>, Sulaima>n al-A’masy, S{a>lih} bin Kaisa>n, S}afwa>n bin Sulaim, Abu> al-Zina>d ‘Abdulla>h bin Z|akwa>n, ‘Abdulla>h bin Lahi>’ah, ‘Amr bin Abi> ‘Amr, and many others.
Ibnu Sa’ad found him s\iqah due to the large number of his transmitted hadith.418 So did al-‘Ajali>,419 al-Da>ruqut}ni>420 and Abu> Zar’ah.421 He also
413 Al-Z|ahabi>, Siyar A’la>m al-Nubala>’, juz 5, p. 445.
414 Abu> Bakr Ah}mad bin Abi> Khais\amah, Akhba>r al-Makkiyyi>n bin Kita>b al-Ta>ri>kh al- Kabi>r Lianna Abi> Khais\amah, juz 2, p. 265.
415 Muh}ammad bin H{ibba>n bin Ah}mad bin H{ibba>n bin Mu’a>z\ bin Ma’bad al-Tami>mi> al- Da>rimi>, Masya>hi>r ‘Ulama>’ al-Ams}a>r wa A’la>m Fuqaha>’ al-Aqt}a>r, p. 215.
416 Al-Z|ahabi>, Siyar A’la>m al-Nubala>’, juz 5, p. 445.
417 Ibnu Sa’ad, al-T{abaqa>t al-Kubra>, juz 5, p. 216.
418 Ibnu Sa’ad, al-T{abaqa>t al-Kubra>, juz 5, p. 216.
419 Al-‘Ajali>, Ta>ri>kh al-S|iqa>t, juz 1, p. 300.
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exited in S{ah}i>h} Muslim book as one of the transmitter.422 Al-Zuhri> and Abu>
al-Zina>d studied with him excessively. His trustwothy was agreed to be admitted.423 He wrote the mus}h}af (written Qur’an), and recited it.424 He was the first teaching Arabic grammatical-system in Medina.425 Al-S{uyu>t}i>
included him to his al-T{abaqa>t al-H{uffa>z}.426 f. Abu> Hurairah
There was various viwes regarding to his fullname. Those were
‘Abdurrah}man bin S{akh, Sakan bin ‘Amr, ‘Amr bin ‘Abd al-Ganam, ‘Umair,
‘Abd al-Syams, Sa’ad, ‘Abdulla>h bin ‘A<’iz\, and Sa’ad bin H{a>ris\ah.427 he resided in Medina.428 His mother also converted to Islam, and her story of becoming muslim was writeen in S{ah}i>h} Muslim.429 He passed away in 57 AH.
He transmitted hadith from the Prophet pbuh., al-Kas\i>r al-T{ayyib, Abi> Ibnu Ka’ab, Usa>mah bin Zaid, Bas}rah bin Abi> Bas}rah, ‘Umar bin al-Khat}t}a>b, al- Fad}l bin al-‘Abba>s, Ka’ab al-Ah}ba>r, Abu> Bakr al-S{iddi>q and ‘A<isyah. He transmitted hadith to Ibra>hi>m bin Isma>’i>l, al-Aswad bin Halla>l, Anas bin Ma>lik, Uwais bin Kha>lid, Bisr bin Sa’i>d, al-H{a>ris\ bin Mukhalid, H{anz}alah bin ‘Ali> al-Aslami>, Khais\amah bin ‘Abdurrah}man, Zaid bin Aslam, Sa’i>d bin
420 Al-Da>ruqut}ni>, Z|ikr Asma>’ al-Ta>bi’i>n wa Min Ba’dihim Min Man S{ah}h}at Riwa>yatih
‘An al-S|iqa>t ‘Inda al-Bukha>ri> wa Muslim, juz 1, p. 214.
421 Ibnu Abi> H{a>tim, al-Jarh} wa al-Ta’di>l, juz 5, p. 297.
422 Ah{mad bin ‘Ali> bin Muh{ammad bin Ibra>hi>m Abu> Bakr bin Manju>yah, Rija>l S{ah}i>h}
Muslim, p 424.
423 Abu> Zakariyya> Muh}yi al-Di>n Yah}ya> bin Syari>f al-Nawawi>, Tahz\i>b al-Asma>’ wa al- Luga>t, juz 1, p. 306.
424 Al-Z|ahabi>, Ta>ri>kh al-Isla>m wa Wa>fiya>t al-Masya>hir al-Isla>m, juz 3, p. 273.
425 Syams al-Di>n Abu> ‘Abdilla>h Muh}ammad bin Ah}mad bin ‘Us\ma>n bin Qaima>z al- Z|ahabi>, Ma’rifah al-Qurra>’ al-Kibar ‘Ala> al-T{abaqa>t wa al-A’s}a>r (Beirut: Da>r al-Kutub al- Ilmiyyah, 1997), p. 44.
426 Al-Suyu>t}i>, al-T{abaqa>t al-H{uffa>z}, p. 280.
427 Abu> al-Fath} Muh}ammad bin al-H{usain bin Ah}mad bin ‘Abdulla>h bin Buraidah al- Maus}u>li> al-Azdi>, Asma>’ Man Yu’raf bi Kunyatih (Hind: al-Da>r al-Silfiyyah, 1989), p. 61.
428 Ah}mad bin Muh}ammad bin al-H{usain bin al-H{asan al-Bukha>ri> al-Kila>ba>z\i>, al- Hida>yah wa al-Irsya>d fi> Ma’rifah Ahl al-S|iqah wa al-Sida>d, juz 2, p. 492.
429 Al-Nawawi>, Tahz\i>b al-Asma>’ wa al-Luga>t, juz 2, p. 270.
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Abi> Sa’id al-Maqburi>, Sa’i>d al-Musayyab, Sulaima>n bin Sina>n al-Madani>,
‘Abdulla>h bin Riba>h}, ‘Abdulla>h bin ‘Abba>s, ‘Abdurrah}man bin Harmaz al- A’raj, ‘Urwah bin al-Zuhair, Ja>bir bin ‘Abdulla>h, and so many others.430 Al-Bukha>ri> said, ‚Abu> Hurairah transmitted hadith to more than one hundred people.‛ Al-Z|ahabi> rated him h}a>fiz}, s\abar, mufti>, religious.431 He also said in his another work, ‚He has transmitted about 5370 hadith.‛ He participated in Khaibar Battle along with the prophet, pbuh.432
Conclussion:
a. Ittis}a>l al-Sanad
Sanad Year of
Birth (AH)
Year of Death (AH)
Hometown and Journeys Al-Bukha>ri> 194 256 Bukhara, other cities Muh}ammad bin
Yu>suf
120 212 Caesarea, Mecca
Sufya>n bin
‘Uyainah
107 198 Kufah, Mecca and Medina
Abu> al-Zina>d 65 131 Medina
al-A’raj - 117 Medina, Alexandria
Abu> Hurairah - 57 Medina
b. ‘Adl and D{abt}
Sanad Jarh} Ta’di>l Conclussion
Al-Bukha>ri> - Muttafaq ‘alaih
(to be agreed) s\iqah Muh}ammad bin
Yu>suf
- -s\iqah (7)
-s}adu>q s\iqah (1)
s\iqah
430 Al-Mizzi>, Tahz\i>b al-Kama>l fi> Asma>’ al-Rija>l, juz 377, p. 34.
431 Al-Z|ahabi, al-Ka>syif fi> Ma’rifah Man Lahu> Riwa>yah fi> al-Kutub al-Sittah, juz 2, p.
469.
432 Al-Z|ahabi>, Ta>ri>kh al-Isla>m wa Wa>fiya>t al-Masya>hir al-Isla>m, juz 2, p. 559-560.