CHAPTER IV THE CRITICISM OF HADITHS’ SANAD
D. The Fourth Hadith
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will feel the Prophet speaks to him directly.334 Ibnu al-Mustawfi> assessed him al-H{a>fiz}.335 He was also a na>qid (commentator).336 Abu> al-‘Abba>s rated him mutqin.337 He died in Turmuz\, on Monday night Rajab, 279 AH.338 b. Muh}ammad bin Basysya>r
Abu> Bakr Muh}ammad bin Basysya>r bin ‘Us\ma>n bin Da>wud bin kaisa>n Bunda>r al-‘Abdi> al-Bas}ri>.339 He was well-known by surname Bunda>r due to his capacity in transmitting hadith. He transmitted hadith in his country as much he can, and he memorized his hadith.340 He lived in Basrah and did not make any journey till his mother’s death.341 His year of birthday was 167 AH, and he died on Rajab in 252 AH. He transmitted hadith from Ibra>hi>m bin ‘Umar, Azhar bin Sa’ad, H{ajja>j bin Minha>l, Bisyr bin al-Wad}a>h}, Abu>
‘A<mir al-‘Aqadi>, Yah}ya> bin Sa’i>d al-Qat}t}a>n, Yazi>d bin Ha>ru>n, Yu>suf bin Ya’qu>b, Makki> bin Ibra>hi>m, and many others. He transmitted hadith to al- Jama>’ah (al-Bukha>ri>, Muslim, Abu> Da>wud, al-Tirmiz\i>), Ibra>hi>m bin Ish}a>q, Ah}mad bin ‘Ali> al-Qa>d}i>, Ja’far bin Ah}mad, Zakariyya> bin Yah}ya>, Abu> H{a>tim al-Ra>zi>, Muh}ammad bin Ish}a>q, and many others.342
334 Muh}ammad bin ‘Abdul Ga>ni> bin Abi> Bakr bin Syuja>’ al-H{anbali> al-Bagda>di>, Taqyi>d li Ma’rifah Ruwa>t al-Sunan wa al-Masa>nid, juz 1, p. 98.
335 Al-Muba>rak bin Ah}mad bin al-Muba>rak bin Mauhu>b al-Lakhami> al-Irbili>, Ta>ri>kh Irbil, juz 2, p. 943.
336 Abu> Ya’la>, al-Irsya>d fi> Ma’rifah ‘Ulama>’al-H{adi>s\, juz 3, p. 904.
337 Abu> al-‘Abba>s Syams al-Di>n Ah}mad bin Muh}ammad bin Ibra>hi>m Abi> Bakr bin Khalka>n al-Barkami> al-Irbili>, Wafiya>t al-A’ya>n wa Anba>’ al-Zama>n, juz 4, p. 278.
338 Sa’ad al-Malik Abu> Nas}r ‘Ali> bin Hibatila>h bin Ja’far bin Ma>ku>la>, al-Ikma>l fi> Raf’ al- Irtiya>b ‘An al-Muta’allif wa al-Mukhtalif fi> al-Asma>’ wa al-Kunya> wa al-Ansa>b, juz 4 (Beirut:Da>r al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1990), p. 396.
339 Muslim bin al-H{ajja>j Abu> al-H{asan al-Qusyairi> al-Naisabu>ri>, al-Kunya>’ wa al-Asma>’, juz 1 (Medina: Ma’a>dah al-Bah}s\ al-‘Ilmi> bi al-Jama>’ah al-Isla>miyyah, 1984), p. 134.
340 Ah{mad bin ‘Ali> bin Muh{ammad bin Ibra>hi>m Abu> Bakr bin Manju>yah, Rija>l S{ah}i>h}
Muslim. Juz 2, p. 167.
341 Al-Z|ahabi>, Siyar A’la>m al-Nubala>’, juz 9, p. 508.
342 Al-Mizzi>, Tahz\i>b al-Kama>l fi> Asma>’ al-Rija>l, juz 24, p. 513.
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Abu> H{a>tim found him s}adu>q.343 Abu> H{afs} said, ‚Bunda>r lied in transmiting from Yah}ya>.‛ Al-Nasa>’i> rated him s}a>lih, la> ba’sa bih. Al-‘Ajali> assessed him s\iqah, kas\i>r al-h}adi>s\ (transmitted great number of hadith).344 Abu> Da>wud wrote about 500 hadiths he accepted from Bunda>r. Khair al-Di>n al-Dimasyqi said ‚He is s\iqah. he memorizes hadith very well, and never leaves Basrah because of devoting to his mother.‛345
c. Abu> ‘A<mir al-‘Aqadi>
He was a transmitter whose fullname ‘Abdul Malik bin ‘Amr al-Qaisi> Abu>
‘A<mir al-‘Aqadi> al-Bas}ri>. He died in 204 AH.346
He was a student of Ibra>hi>m bin Isma>’i>l, Ibra>hi>m bin T{ahma>n, Kha>rijah bin
‘Abdulla>h, al-Zubair bin ‘Abdulla>h, Sulaima>n bin al-Mugi>rah, Abu> Mus}’ab
‘Abd al-Sala>m bin H{afs} al-Madani>, Sufya>n al-S|auri>, ‘Uzrah bin S|a>bit, Sulaima>n bin Sufya>n, and many others. He was a teacher of Ah}mad bin al- H{asan, Ah}mad bin H{anbal, Ah}mad bin Sa’i>d al-Da>rimi>, ‘Abdul Ma>lik bin Marwa>n, Muh}ammad bin Basysya>r Bunda>r, Muh}ammad bin Yu>nus al- Nasa>’i>, Yah}ya> bin Ma’i>n, al-Qa>sim bin Ah}mad al-Bagda>di>, Abu> Ya’la>, Muh}ammad bin Ma’mar, and many others.347
Yah}ya> bin Ma’i>n found him s\iqah. Sulaima>n bin Da>wud al-Qaza>zi> asked Ah}mad bin H{anbal that whom should study with. Ah}mad bin H{anbal recommended him Abu> ‘A<mir al-‘Aqadi> and Wahb bin Jari>r.348 Al-Nasa>’i>
rated him s\iqah ma’mu>n (trustworthy and followed/trusted).349 Al-Z|ahabi>
343 Abu> al-Wali>d Sulaima>n bin Khalf bin Sa’ad bin Ayyu>b bin Wa>ris\ al-Qurt}ubi> al-Ba>ji>
al-Andalu>si>, al-Jarh} wa al-Ta’di>l li Man Kharaja Lahu> al-Bukha>ri> fi> al-Ja>mi’ al-S{ah}i>h}, juz 2, p.
621.
344 Al-Z|ahabi>, Ta>ri>kh al-Isla>m wa Wafiya>t al-Masya>hir wa al-A’la>m, juz 6, p. 165.
345 Khairuddi>n bin Mahmu d bin Muh}ammad bin ‘Ali> al-Dimasyqi>, al-A’la m, Juz 6, p.
52. 346 Al-Z|ahabi>, al-Ka>syif fi> Man Lahu> Riwa>yah fi> al-Kutub al-Sittah, juz 1, p. 667.
347 Al-Mizzi>, Tahz\i>b al-Kama>l fi> Asma>’ al-Rija>l, juz 18, p. 367.
348 Al-Mizzi>, Tahz\i>b al-Kama>l fi> Asma>’ al-Rija>l, juz 18, p. 367.
349 Al-Z|ahabi>, Ta>ri>kh al-Isla>m wa Wafiya>t al-Masya>hir wa al-A’la>m, juz 5, p. 116.
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assessed him h}a>fiz} s\iqah (good in memorizing and trustworthy), and he said,
‚His hadith is ‘ali> in al-Gaila>ni> book. He was one of h}a>fiz} in Basrah.350 Ibnu Sa’ad mentioned him in al-Tabaqa>t al-Sa>bi’ah and said, ‚He was a maula>
Bani> Qais bin S|a’labah. He was s\iqah.‛351 Ibnu Abi> Syaibah found him s\iqah.352 ‘Us\ma>n al-Da>rimi> assessed him s\iqah. So did Ibnu Sa’ad.353 Abu>
H{a>tim rated him s}adu>q.354 al-As\ri> assessed him s\iqah.355 d. Abu> Mus}’ab al-Madani>
‘Abdussala>m bin H{afs} Abu> Mus}’ab al-Salami> al-Lais\i> al-Madani>. He lived in Medina.356 He died in 170 AH.357
He transmitted hadith from Bukair bin Musma>r, Salamah bin Di>na>r al- Madani>, ‘Abdulla>h bin Di>na>r, Muh}ammad bin Di>na>r, ‘Amr bin Abi> ‘Amr, Yazi>d bin al-Qa’qa’, Muh}ammad bin Muslim al-Zuhri>, and others. He transmitted hadith to Kha>lid bin Mukha>lid, T{alq bin Gana>m al-Nakh’i>,
‘Abdulla>h bin Wahb, ‘Abdul Ma>lik bin ‘Amr al-‘Aqadi>, ‘Ubaidulla>h bin Mu>sa>, ‘Ubaidulla>h bin Muh}ammad al-Mah}a>ri> and Mu’a>wiyah bin Hisya>m.358 Yah}ya> bin Ma’i>n found him s\iqah.359 Ibnu Abi> H{a>tim rated him laisa bi ma’ru>f (he is not outstanding). Al-Z|ahabi> found him s\iqah,360 but through his exploration, Abu> Mus’ab existed in gara>ib al-hadi>s\.361 In another source, he
350 Al-Z|ahabi>, Siyar A’la>m al-Nubala>’, juz 8, p. 166.
351 ‘Ala> al-Di>n Muglat{a>y bin Qulaij bin ‘Abdulla>h al-Mis}ri> al-Hikari> al-H{anafi>, Ikma>l Tahz\i>b al-Kama>l fi Asma>’ al-Rija>l, juz 8, p. 327.
352 ‘Ala> al-Di>n Muglat{a>y bin Qulaij bin ‘Abdulla>h al-Mis}ri> al-Hikari> al-H{anafi>, Ikma>l Tahz\i>b al-Kama>l fi Asma>’ al-Rija>l, juz 8, p. 329.
353 Ibnu H{ajar al-Asqala>ni>, Tahz\i>b al-Tahz\i>b, juz 6, p. 410.
354 Abu> Muh}ammad Mah}mu>d bin Ah}mad bin Mu>sa> bin Ah}mad bin H{usain al-Gaita>bi> al- H{anafi>, Maga>ni> al-Akhya>r fi Syarh} Asa>mi> Rija>l Ma’a>ni> al-A<s\a>r, juz 2, p. 253.
355 Akram bin Muh}ammad Ziya>dah al-Fa>lu>ji> al-As\ri>, al-Mu’jam al-S{agi>r li Ruwa>t Ibnu Jari>r al-T{abari>, juz 1, p. 342.
356 Al-Z|ahabi>, Mi>za>n al-I’tida>l, juz 2, p. 615.
357 Al-Z|ahabi>, Ta>ri>kh al-Isla>m wa Wafiya>t al-Masya>hir wa al-A’la>m, juz 4, p. 438.
358 Al-Mizzi>, Tahz\i>b al-Kama>l fi> Asma>’ al-Rija>l, juz 18, p. 71.
359 Ibnu Abi> H{a>tim, al-Jarh} wa al-Ta’di>l, juz 6, p. 46.
360 Al-Z|ahabi>, al-Ka>syif fi> Ma’rifah Man Lahu> Riwa>yah fi> al-Kutub al-Sittah, juz 1, p.
652. 361 Al-Z|ahabi>, al-Mugni> fi> al-D{u’afa>’, juz 2, p. 394.
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transmitted some munkar (refused) hadith. Ibnu Khalfu>n included him in his al-S|iqa>t, and said, ‚he is outstanding.‛362
e. ‘Amr bin Abi> ‘Amr
His complete name was ‘Amr bin Abi> ‘Amr (Maisarah) maula> Mut}t}alib bin
‘Abdulla>h bin H{ant}ab al-Qurasyi> al-Makhzu>mi> Abu> ‘Us\ma>n al-Madani>. He passed away in the beginning of Abu> Ja’far’s chaliph in Medina363 in 136 AH while he was a 32-year-old one.364
He was a student of Anas bin Ma>lik, H{abi>b bin Hind al-Aslami>, H{amzah bin
‘Abdulla>h, Sa’i>d bin Abi> Sa’i>d al-Muqri’, ‘A<s}im bin ‘Umar, al-Ra>bi’ bin Sabrah. Sa’i>d bin Jubair, ‘Abdulla>h bin ‘Abdurrah}ma>n, ‘Abdurrah}man bin Harmaz, Muh}ammad bin Ka’ab, and some others. He was a teacher of Sa>biq bin Abi> Sa’i>d, Sa’i>d bin Salamah, ‘Abdurrah}man bin Abi> al-Zina>d,
‘Abdussala>m bin H{afs} al-Madani>, ‘Abdurrah}man bin Abi> al-Zina>d, Fud}ail bin Sulaima>n, Ma>lik bin Anas, Ya’qu>b bin ‘Abdurrah}man al-Iskandari>, and several others.365
Al-‘Ajali> admitted his trustworthy by including him into his Ta>rikh al- S|iqa>t,366 so did Abu> Zar’ah.367 Abu> H{a>tim assessed him him la> ba’sa bih, So did Ah}mad bin H{anbal and al-Da>ruqut}ni>.368 Al-Da>ruqt}ni> even included him in his s}ah}i>h} transmitters list.369 Yah}ya> bin Ma’i>n rated him laisa bi h}ujjah,
362 ‘Ala> al-Di>n Muglat{a>y bin Qulaij bin ‘Abdulla>h al-Mis}ri> al-Hikari> al-H{anafi>, Ikma>l Tahz\i>b al-Kama>l fi Asma>’ al-Rija>l, juz 8, p. 273.
363 Al-Mizzi>, Tahz\i>b al-Kama>l fi> Asma>’ al-Rija>l, juz 22, p. 170.
364 Ibnu H{ibba>n, al-S|iqa>t, juz 3, p. 270.
365 Al-Mizzi>, Tahz\i>b al-Kama>l fi> Asma>’ al-Rija>l, juz 22, p. 170.
366 Abu> al-H{asan Ah{mad bin ‘Abdulla>h bin S{a>lih} al-‘Ajali> al-Ku>fi>, Ta>rikh al-S|iqa>t, p.
367. 367 Ibnu Abi> H{a>tim, al-Jarh} wa al-Ta’di>l, juz 6, p. 252.
368 Syams al-Di>n Abu> ‘Abdulla>h bin Ah}mad bin ‘Us\ma>n bin Qaima>s al-Z|ahabi>, Z|ikr Asma>’ man Tukullim Fi>h wa Huwa Maus\iq (Zarqa: Maktabah al-Mana>r, 1986), p. 147.
369 Al-Da>ruqut}ni>, Z|ikr Asma>’ al-Ta>bi’i>n wa Min Ba’dihim Min Man S{ah}h}at Riwa>yatih
‘An al-S|iqa>t ‘Inda al-Bukha>ri> wa Muslim, juz 1, p. 262.
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and he rejected ‘Amr’s riwa>yah from Anas bin Ma>lik.370 Abu> Da>wud found him laisa bi z\a>k (he is not the –acceptable- one).371 Al-Z|ahabi> said ‚He transmitted less number of hadith,‛372 and included him into his al-Mugni> fi>
al-D{u’afa>, but also assessed him s}adu>q and h}asan al-h}adi>s\ in his Mi>za>n al- I’tida>l.373 In this book, he also mentioned Ibnu al-Qat}t}a>n’s commentary, d}a’i>f, on him then replied him by saying ‚He is not d}a’i>f although not s\iqah as al-Zuhri>.‛ He was mud}t}arib al-h}adi>s\.374 Al-Jurja>ni> stated that some of his hadith was d}a’i>f. Ibnu Sya>him mentioned him in his al-D{u’afa>’ (d}a’i>f transmitter).375 Ibnu Sa’ad al-Bagda>di> stated that he was s}a>h}ib al-mara>si>l376 (transmitter of s}ah}a>bah or ta>bi’u>n who did not mentioned his teacher, but his teacher’s teacher).
f. Anas bin Ma>lik
His fullname was Anas bin Ma>lik bin al-Nad{r bin D{amd{am bin Zaid bin H{ara>m bin Jundu>b bin ‘A<mir bin Ganam bin ‘Adi> bin al-Najja>r. His mother was Sulaim bin Mah}la>n. His kunyah was Abu> Hamzah.377 He accompanied the Prophet pbuh. since his eight in Medina. The Prophet died in his twenty.
After that, he moved to Basrah in ‘Umar bin al-Khat}t}a>b chaliph.378 He died in Bas}rah in 91 AH and left four routine forums, Masjid al-Ja>mi’ forum, Na>h}iyah al-Za>wiyah forum, and Saktah Ist}afa>nu>s forum.379 He was the last
370 al-Bagda>di>, Abu> Zakariyya> Yah}ya> bin Ma’i>n bin ‘Awf bin Ziya>d bin Bast}a>m bin
‘Abdurrah}man. Ta>ri>kh Ibnu Ma’i>n, juz 3, p. 195.
371 Al-Z|ahabi>, Siyar A’la>m al-Nubala>’, juz 6, p. 119. See also Al-Z|ahabi>, al-Ka>syif fi>
Ma’rifah Man Lahu> Riwa>yah fi> al-Kutub al-Sittah, juz 2, p. 84.
372 Al-Z|ahabi>, Siyar A’la>m al-Nubala>’, juz 6, p. 120.
373 Al-Z|ahabi>, Mi>za>n al-I’tida>l, juz 3, p. 281 and 290.
374 Ibra>hi>m bin Ya’qu>b bin Ish}a>q al-Sa’ad al-Jauzija>ni> Abu> Ish}a>q, Ah}wa>l al-Rija>l, p. 212.
375 Abu> H{{afs} ‘Umar bin Ah}mad bin ‘Us\ma>n bin Ah}mad bin Muh}ammad bin Ayyu>b bin Azda>z\i> al-Bagda>di>, Ta>ri>kh Asma>’ al-D{u’afa>’ wa al-Ka>z\a>bi>n, p. 143.
376 Ibnu Sa’ad, al-T{abaqa>t al-Kubra>, juz 1, p. 341.
377 Ibnu Sa’ad, al-T{abaqa>t al-Kubra>, juz 7, p. 12.
378 Ibnu H{ibba>n, Masya>hi>r ‘Ulama>’ al-Ams}a>r wa A’la>m Fuqaha>’ al-Aqt}a>r, juz 1, p. 65.
379 Abu> ‘Amr Khali>fah bin Khayya>t} bin Khali>fah al-Syaiba>ni> al-‘As}fari> al-Bas}ri>, T{abaqa>t Khali>fah min Khayya>t}, juz 1, p. 160.
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companion died in Basrah.380 His teachers were the Prophet pbuh., Usaid bin H{ad}i>r, S|a>bit bin Qais, Jari>r bin ‘Abdulla>h, ‘Abdulla>h bin ‘Abba>s, ‘Abdulla>h bin Rawa>h}ah, Salma>n al-Fa>risi>, Zaid bin S|a>bit, Abu> Bakr al-S}iddi>q, Abu>
Mu>sa> ‘Abdilla>h bin Qais, ‘Abdulla>h bin Mas’u>d, ‘Abdurrah}man bin ‘Awf,
‘Us\ma>n bin ‘Affa>n, ‘Umar bin al-Khat}t}a>b, Abu> Hurairah, Abu> Qata>dah, Abu>
Z|ar al-Gifa>ri>, and many others. His students were A<ba>n bin S{a>lih}, Anas bin Sirri>n, ‘Amr bin Abi> ‘Amr, A<ba>n bin Abi> ‘Ayya>sy, Uwais bin Abi> Uwais, Budail bin Maisarah, and many others.381
Conclussion:
a. Ittis}a>l al-Sanad
Sanad Year of
Birth (AH)
Year of Death (AH)
Hometown and Journeys
Al-Tirmiz\i> 209 279 Turmuz, other cities
Muh}ammad bin Basysya>r
167 252 Basrah, other cities
Abu> ‘A<mir al-
‘Aqadi>
- 204 Basrah
Abu> Mus’ab al- Madani>
- 170 Medina
‘Amr bin Abi>
‘Amr
- 136 Medina
Anas bin Ma>lik 10 BH 91 Medina and Basrah
b. ‘Adl and D{abt}
Sanad Jarh} Ta’di>l Conclussion
Al-Tirmiz\i> - Muttafaq ‘alaih
(to be agreed) s\iqah
380 Ah{mad bin ‘Ali> bin Muh{ammad bin Ibra>hi>m Abu> Bakr bin Manju>yah, Rija>l S{ah}i>h}
Muslim, juz 1, p. 65.
381 Al-Mizzi>, Tahz\i>b al-Kama>l fi Asma>’ al-Rija>l, juz 3, p. 353.
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Muh}ammad bin
Basysya>r Lied from
Yah}ya> -s\iqah (1) -kas\i>r al-h}adi>s\ (1)
-s}adu>q (1) -s}a>lih} la> ba’sa bih
(1)
s}adu>q
Abu> ‘A<mir al-
‘Aqadi> - -s\iqah (5)
-s\iqah ma’mun (1) -s\iqah h}a>fiz} (1)
-h}a>fiz} (1) -s}adu>q (1)
s\iqah
Abu> Mus’ab al- Madani>
-laisa bi ma’ru>f -s\iqah (3) s\iqah
‘Amr bin Abi>
‘Amr - laisa bi h}ujjah (1) -laisa bi z\a>k (1) -mud}t}arib382 al-
h}adi>s\ (1) -d}a’i>f (1) -laisa bi quwwah (1)
-s}a>h}ib al- mara>sil (1)
-s\iqah (2) -la> ba’sa bih (3)
-s}adu>q (1)
S{adu>q la> ba’sa bih
Anas bin Ma>lik - -s\iqah s\iqah
Muh}ammad bin Basysya>r is classified as s}adu>q by Abu> H{a>tim and s}a>lih} la>
ba’sa bih by al-nasa>i> which they were his contemporary na>qids. S{adu>q is on the second rank according to Abu> H{a>tim, and la> ba’sa bih is on the fifth one.383 Therefore, the writer classifies this transmitter as s}adu>q which has not met the excellent d}a>bit}, but ‘a>dil. There were several jarh} commentary on Amr bin Abi> ‘Amr, but there were several ta’di>l attached. The writer prefers ta’di>l one above the jarh} because it was unclearly explained. Besides all that, there are several supportive evidence in S}ah}i>h} al-Bukha>ri> no. 2893, 5425, 6396. In this case, the hadith turns s}ah}i>h} li gairih.
382 Hadith transmitted in some either different forms or transmitters. They are in a same quality level but contradicted. Prefering one of them is required.
383 Syuhudi Ismail, Kaidah Keshahihan Sanad Hadis, p. 210.