CHAPTER IV THE CRITICISM OF HADITHS’ SANAD
C. The Third Hadith
ِلاَم ِنْب ِسَنَأ ْنَع ،َبو يَأ ْنَع ،ٍدِلاَخ ِبَِأ َديِزَي ْنَع ،َناَهْ بَ ن ُنْب ُثِراَْلْا ِنَّرَ بْخَأ ، ٍبْىَو ُنْبا اًنَ ثَو ،ٍك
،َنْيَّدلاَو ْمُكَّيَِإ" :َلاَق َمَّلَسَو ِوْيَلَع َُّللَّا ىَّلَص ِالل َلوُسَر َّنَأ
"ِراَهَّ نلِبَ ٌةَّلَذَمَو ،ِلْيَّللِبَ ٌّمَى ُوَّنِإَف
a. Al-Baihaqi>
He was al-H{a>fiz} al-‘Alla>mah al-S|abt al-Faqi>h Syaikh Ah}mad bin al-H{usain bin ‘Ali> bin Mu>sa> Abu> Bakr al-Khurawjirdi> al-Khurasa>ni> al-Baihaqi>, one of a h}adith scholar. He was born in 383 AH305 in Khosrovjerd, a village in Iran, and grew up in Baihaq, then made a journey to Bagdad, Kufah, Mecca, Tabaran, Nauqan, and many others.306 He died in Naisabur.
He transmitted hadith from Muh}ammad bin al-H{usain in his fifteen, al- H{a>kim Abu> ‘Abdulla>h, ‘Abdulla>h bin Yu>suf al-As}baha>ni>, Abu> Bakr bin Fu>rak, ‘Ali> bin Muh}ammad bin al-Saqqa>,
Ima>m al-H{aramin said ‚A transmission from al-Sya>fi’i to al-Baihaqi> is the most s}ah}i>h}. Al-Z|ahabi> said ‚Even if al-Baihaqi> desired to pioneer a maz\hab (way to act) and made effort in it, it will be. He was excellent in islamic law dissent. Abu> Bakr al-Ga>fir bin Isma’i>l said in his Ta>ri>kh (history) book ‚al- Baihaqi> was a scholar which beautiful in integrity‛. Al-Ga>fir bin Muh}ammad al-Fa>risi> said ‚al-baihaqi> passed away in 454 AH. He left science in hadith, fiqh, Arabic language behind in his phenomenal works.‛307
His works:308
1) Al-Sunan al-Kubra>
2) Al-Sunan al-Sugra>
305 Al-Z|ahabi>, Siyar A’la>m al-Nubala>, juz 13, p. 363.
306 See al-Z|ahabi>, Siyar A’la>m al-Nubala>, juz 13, p. 364.
307 Muh}ammad bin ‘Abdul Ga>ni> bin Abu> Bakr bin Syuja>’ al-H{anbali> al-Bagda>di>, al- Taqyi>d li Ma’rifah Ruwa>h al-Sunan wa al-Masa>ni>d, p. 138.
308 Al-Z|ahabi>, Ta>ri>kh al-Isla>m, juz 10, p. 95.
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3) Al-Sunan al-A<s\a>r 4) Dala>il al-Nubuwwah 5) Sya’b al-I<ma>n
6) Al-Asma>’ wa al-S{ifa>t 7) And many others b. Ibnu Wahb
‘Abdulla>h bin Wahb al-Mis}ri>. The writer does not find any biography of the transmitter, so the writer classifies him into majhu>l (unknown) transmitter.
c. Al-H{a>ris\ bin Nabha>n
His fullname was al-H{a>ris\ bin Nabha>n al-Jurumi>, Abu> Muh}ammad al-Bas}ri>.
He transmitted hadith from ‘A<s}im bin Bahdalah, ‘At}a>’ bin al-Sa>ib, al- A’masy, Ma>lik bin Di>na>r, and H{anz}alah al-Sudu>si>. He transmitted hadith to Ibnu Wahb, Mu>sa> bin Isma>’i>l, ‘Abdurrah}man bin al-Muba>rak and ‘Abdul Wa>h}id bin Gayya>s\.309
Yah}ya> bin Ma’i>n said ‚al-H{a>ris\ bin Nabha>n laisa bi syai’ (he is nothing), and he did not write his hadith.310 So did Ibnu Sya>hi>n.311 Al-Bukha>ri> rated him munkar in his al-Ta>rikh al-Kabi>r.312 Abu> Ish}a>q assessed him d}a’i>f al-H{adi>s\
(weak in trasmitting hadith).313 Ah}mad bin H{anbal found him munkar al- hadi>s\ (refused in hadith).314 Abu> al-‘Arab stated ‚al-H{a>ris\ bin Nabhan is d}a’i>f in his transmission (riwa>yah).315 Ibnu H{ibba>n included him to his book,
309 Ibnu Abi> H{a>tim, al-Jarh} wa al-Tadi>l, juz 3, p. 92.
310 Al-Bagda>di>, Ta>ri>kh Ibnu Ma’i>n, juz 4, p. 111.
311 Abu> H{{afs} ‘Umar bin Ah}mad bin ‘Us\ma>n bin Ah}mad bin Muh}ammad bin Ayyu>b bin Azda>z\i> al-Bagda>di>, Ta>ri>kh Asma>’ al-D{u’afa>’ wa al-Ka>z\bi>n (Mecca: Mut}a>ba’ah Nahd}ah al- H{adi>s\ah, 1967), p. 70.
312 Al-Bukha>ri>, al-Ta>ri>kh al-Kabi>r, juz 2, p. 284.
313 Ibra>hi>m bin Ya’qu>b bin Ish}a>q al-Sa’ad al-Jauzija>ni> Abu> Ish}a>q, Ah}wa>l al-Ra>wi>, (Faisalabad: Da>r Nasyr: Hadith Academi, n.y.), p. 201.
314 Ibnu Abi> H{a>tim, al-Jarh} wa al-Tadi>l, juz 3, p. 92.
315 Muh}ammad bin Ah}mad bin Tami>m al-Tami>mi> al-Magribi> al-Ifri>qi> Abu> al-‘Arab, T{abaqa>t ‘Ulama> Ifri>qi> (Beirut: Da>r al-Kita>b li al-Bana>ni>, n.y.), p. 33.
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al-Majru>h}i>n.316 In another hand, Ah}mad bin H{anbal said: he is a personally- good one, but he is not good enough in hadith transmission.‛317 al-Da>ruqut}ni>
also put jarh} onto him by mentioning him in hi al-D{u’afa>’ wa al-Matru>ki>n.318
‘Ali> bin al-Madi>ni> found him d}a’i>f d}a’i>f (double weak).319 Al-Jauzi>
mentioned him in his al-D{u’afa> wa al-Matru>ki>n.320 d. Yazi>d bin Abi> Kha>li>d
He was a transmitter whose fullname Yazi>d bin Baya>n al-‘Aqi>li> al-Jarasyi>
Abu> Kha>lid al-Bas}ri> al-Mu’allim al-D{ari>r. There is not any explanation about his biography, therefore the writer considered him into majhu>l one.
e. Ayyu>b bin ‘Aqabah al-Bas}ri>321
He transmitted hadith from Anas bin Ma>lik.322 He resided in Basrah.323 Abu>
Da>wud found him d}a’i>f (weak).324 f. Anas bin Ma>lik
His fullname was Anas bin Ma>lik bin al-Nad{r bin D{amd{am bin Zaid bin H{ara>m bin Jundu>b bin ‘A<mir bin Ganam bin ‘Adi> bin al-Najja>r. His mother was Sulaim bin Mah}la>n. His kunyah was Abu> Hamzah.325 He accompanied the Prophet pbuh. since his eight in Medina. The Prophet died in his twenty.
316 Abu> H{a>tim Muh}ammad bin H{ibba>n bin Ah{mad bin H{ibba>n, bin Mu’a>z\ bin Ma’bad al- Tami>mi> al-Da>rimi>, al-Majru>h}i>n Min al-Muh{addis\i>n wa al-D{u’afa> wa al-Matru>ki>n, juz 1 (Halb:
Da>r al-Wa’i>, 1396), p. 223.
317 Abu> Ah}mad bin ‘Adi> al-Jurja>ni>, al-Ka>mil fi D{u’afa>’ al-Rija>l, juz 2, p. 458.
318 Abu> al-H{asan ‘Ali> bin ‘Umar bin Ah}mad bin Mahdi> bin Mas’u>d bin al-Nu’ma>n bin Di>na>r al-Bagda>di> al-Da>ruqut}ni>, al-D{u’afa>’ wa al-Matru>ki>n, juz 2 (Medina: Majallah al-Ja>mi’ah al- Isla>miyya>h, 1403), p. 148.
319 Abu> Nu’aim AH}mad bin ‘Abdulla>h bin Ah}mad bin Ish}a>q bin Mu>sa> bin Mihra>n al- As}baha>ni>, al-D{u’afa>’ (Beirut: Da>r al-S|aqa>fah, 1984), p. 72.
320 Jama>l al-Di>n Abu> al-Farj, ‘Abdurrah}man bin ‘Ali> bin Muh}ammad al-Jauzi>, al-D{u>’afa>’
wa al-Matru>ki>n, juz 1, p. 183.
321 Syams al-Di>n Abu> ‘Abdulla>h bin Ah}mad bin ‘Us\ma>n bin Qaima>s al-Z|ahabi>, Di>wa>n al-D{u’afa>’ al-Matru>ki>n, (Mecca: Mut}a>ba’ah Nahd}ah al-H{adi>s\ah, 1967), p. 43.
322 Ibnu H{ajar al-As\qala>ni>, Lisa>n al-Mi>za>n, juz 1, p. 486.
323 Al-Z|ahabi>, Mi>za>n al-I’tida>l, juz 1, p. 291.
324 Al-Z|ahabi>, al-Mugni> fi al-D{u’afa>’, juz 1, p. 97. See also al-Z|ahabi>, Mi>za>n al-I’tida>l, juz 1, p. 291.
325 Ibnu Sa’ad, al-T{abaqa>t al-Kubra>, juz 7, p. 12.
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After that, he moved to Basrah in ‘Umar bin al-Khat}t}a>b chaliph.326 He died in Bas}rah in 91 AH and left four routine forums, Masjid al-Ja>mi’ forum, Na>h}iyah al-Za>wiyah forum, and Saktah Ist}afa>nu>s forum.327 He was the last companion died in Basrah.328
His teachers were the Prophet pbuh., Usaid bin H{ad}i>r, S|a>bit bin Qais, Jari>r bin ‘Abdulla>h, ‘Abdulla>h bin ‘Abba>s, ‘Abdulla>h bin Rawa>h}ah, Salma>n al- Fa>risi>, Zaid bin S|a>bit, Abu> Bakr al-S}iddi>q, Abu> Mu>sa> ‘Abdilla>h bin Qais,
‘Abdulla>h bin Mas’u>d, ‘Abdurrah}man bin ‘Awf, ‘Us\ma>n bin ‘Affa>n, ‘Umar bin al-Khat}t}a>b, Abu> Hurairah, Abu> Qata>dah, Abu> Z|ar al-Gifa>ri>, and many others. His students were A<ba>n bin S{a>lih}, Anas bin Sirri>n, Ayyu>b bin
‘Aqabah al-Bas}ri>, A<ba>n bin Abi> ‘Ayya>sy, Uwais bin Abi> Uwais, Budail bin Maisarah, and many others.329
Conclussion:
a. Ittis}a>l al-Sanad
Sanad Year of
Birth (AH)
Year of Death (AH)
Hometown and Journey
Al-Baihaqi> 383 454 Baihaq and others cities
Ibnu Wahb - - -
Al-H{a>ris\ bin Nabha>n
- - Basrah
Yazi>d bin Abi>
Kha>lid
- - Basrah
Ayyu>b bin
‘Aqabah al-
- - Basrah
326 Ibnu H{ibba>n, Masya>hi>r ‘Ulama>’ al-Ams}a>r wa A’la>m Fuqaha>’ al-Aqt}a>r, juz 1, p. 65.
327 Abu> ‘Amr Khali>fah bin Khayya>t} bin Khali>fah al-Syaiba>ni> al-‘As}fari> al-Bas}ri>, T{abaqa>t Khali>fah min Khayya>t}, juz 1, p. 160.
328 Ah{mad bin ‘Ali> bin Muh{ammad bin Ibra>hi>m Abu> Bakr bin Manju>yah, Rija>l S{ah}i>h}
Muslim, juz 1, p. 65.
329 Al-Mizzi>, Tahz\i>b al-Kama>l fi Asma>’ al-Rija>l, juz 3, p. 353.
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Bas}ri>
Anas bin Ma>lik 10 BH 91 Medina, Basrah
Based on theresided above-mentioned data, this sanad is broken /uncontinuous. There is no data to prove them mu’a>s}arah (alive in a same era) eventhough their residence and journey have probably met imka>n al- liqa>’. However, there is no year of birth nor year of death attached. In this case, this sanad is classified as mu’allaq (hanging).330
b. ‘Adl and D{abt}
Sanad Jarh} Ta’di>l Conclussion
Al-Baihaqi> - s\iqah s\iqah
Ibnu Wahb Majhu>l - d{a’i>f
Al-H{a>ris\ bin Nabha>n
Laisa bi syai’
Munkar (2) d{a’i>f (5)
Good personality
d{a’i>f
Yazi>d bin Abi>
Kha>lid
Majhu>l - d{a’i>f
Ayyu>b bin
‘Aqabah al- Bas}ri>
d{a’i>f - d{a’i>f
Anas bin Ma>lik - -s\iqah s\iqah
This hadith is concluded d{a’i>f. The data above shows that only two of transmitters of this are s\iqah (‘a>dil and d}a>bit}). This hadith is automatically rejected because all three major principles are missing. Besides, this sanad does not have any other corroboration sanad.
330 A hadith that the beginning of its sanad has one or more consecutive transmitter.
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