AND “KOTA PUSAKA”
2.4 Gianyar with Its Diversity and Predominance of Art and Culture
improving the economy of society.
2.4 Gianyar with Its Diversity and Predominance of Art and
known as the “Moon of Pejeng”, which since the first until now still sanctified and consecrated by the community not only by people who come from the Gianyar Regency but also from other districts or cities in Bali (See: Sutaba, Astawa, and Wirawan, 2007:49). Similarly, the historical heritage of Bali Kuna seems to be centered in Pejeng (Pejeng in Gianyar as their previous royal on period of Udayana dynasty from 10th until 11th century) (Ardhana and Setiawan, 2014), which became the foundation of the development of civilization and culture of Bali until now the.
King Udayana is king renowned not only in Bali, but up in East Java who was married to Queen of Java called Mahendradatta or Ratu Sri Gunapriyadharmapatni are the two central figures in the development of Balinese culture both in terms of philosophy, religion, socio-cultural, legal, gender, and political governance.
Because of the role played quite important in his reign, so that their names had become an icon of the big names in the name of government institutions such as the name of Military Command Udayana, was also used to name the biggest University in Bali, Udayana University, while the name of Mahendradatta used as the name of the Mahendradatta University.
After the expiry of Udayana kingdom centered in Pejeng, then subsequently transferred to Bedahulu-- kingdom at that time called Pejeng, also refers to the designation Bedulu-- under the authority of Sri Asura Ratnabumi Banten until the coming to power of the kingdom of Majapahit to Bali (cf. Catrini and Carey , 2014). There are changes in the tradition of building that can be seen, for example, when the king Udayana ruled in Bali in the Period of Bali Kuna, many of the buildings are made of materials rocks as can be seen at Gunung Kawi and Goa Gajah, while when Bedulu is under Majapahit dynasty, a change that is the building tradition which has introduced the use of brick as can be seen in the buildings of the castle and the temple in Gianyar regency until now. The dynamics of culture and society Gianyar still growing, although the Dutch colonial powers come since the end of the 19th century, until the Japanese landing in the 20th century. At
the time of independence Gianyar social and cultural life of society continue to be developed, so that the existing cultural heritage that remains to be revitalized until the present time. Various heritage still appreciated its existence and developed, even accompanied by enrichment activities that are creative in innovative efforts to develop quality.
The following can be seen, for example, the existence of some superior cultural heritage contained in the seven districts of Gianyar regency as follows.
1. Sub-district Sukawati: cobra, padas sculpture, silver statue, Pakraman, Subak, banjo, pesantian, barong (about Barong Landung, see: Gottowick, 2005), masks, puppets, gambuh, Calonarang, Rejang, painting, sculpture , wood, calendar systems, Batuan village temple, temple Puseh Batubulan, taksu, processions peed, monuments and statues of the baby,
2 Blahbatuh: Pande gong (equipment gamelan, gableran, endek Bona, handicraft, rontal and bamboo, Pakraman, sekeha, banjo, gong pindha, myth Kebo Iwa, Usada castle Blahbatuh, Pura Masceti, Mrana and Melasti, Sarad, and pura Bukit Dharma Kutri.
3. Gianyar: Bade, nagabanda, pelebon Puri Gianyar, endek woven Beng, culinary (kelepon snacks and a variety of traditional snacks), Pakraman, sekaa gong Sengguan, pesantian, big gong percussion, angklung Sidan, Gianyar Puri adventures pelebon
4. District Tampaksiring: irrigation technology systems, Pejeng batik, handicraft, bone and horn, Pakraman, boil and Subak Subak Pulagan, banjo, sekaa goong, nekara “Pejeng Moon,” Tatiapi, Tirta Empul, Denawa Maya legend, and system pattern rice planting, knowledge usada, Tirta Empul as a place of physical and spiritual cleansing, Heritage DAS Pakerisan, and Heritage Village Pejeng.
5. District of Ubud: Bade, nagabanda, adventure, pelebon Puri Ubud, Puri Peliatan, Mask cats, Ubud market, culinary (pork roll), Pakraman, banjar, galleries, stories Buana Sari, Studio Sri Ratih Ubud Writers and Readers, festivals, literature, kakawin, Oleg Tambulilingan dance, painting, umbrella universal belief in the five religions.
6. District Tegallalang: bowl, tray Sebatu, kepeng, handicraft, Pakraman, Subak, wayang wong, telepud, Sebatu Nyepi culture, robber-begalan ceremony, rice terraces, bamboo culture, aesthetics waterfall Sebatu
7. Kecamatan Payangan: tray, Payangan markets, galleries, yasa Son Sedana, Pengaji, Subak, sinom mentioning Payangan, Sekatian percussion, musical instruments Gong Gede, heritage (Sarcopagus Keliki)
In addition to the results of the inventory of cultural arts are considered superior, to the typical and rare at this point in more detail can be read in the book Blueprint Revitalization of Gianyar Toward Regency Excellence in Arts and Culture (2013), a study conducted in collaboration between the district Gianyar and study Center Bali - Udayana University. It can be said that all the districts it is an area that is very rich with heritage values are rooted in prehistoric times, Bali Kuna History, History of Modern and Post-Modern. It shows that people in Gianyar can selectively receive the influence of foreign cultures in order to preserve the cultural traditions that have been held it is flexible and dynamic.
In the area of this district are important sites that are not only significant for the local community, but also for the community at the national level, for example, in the District Tampaksiring Tampaksiring are Presidential Palace that have been built since the time of the first President of Indonesia, President Soekarno.
In addition, the international community in this regard UNESCO also recognized the importance to world heritage, namely the existence of traditional Balinese irrigation system called Subak system which has now been recognized to be a world cultural heritage . This shows that not only the cultural heritage , but also very intense natural heritage developed in Gianyar . It can be seen from the recognition given by world bodies like UNESCO to organizational development and Subak Subak Pulagan boil as one of the world heritage proud people and government of Gianyar regency . This is understandable because the concept of local communities as supporters of the tradition and culture of Subak, by itself implies the support of the spiritual values, solidarity, mutual aid, which is the social capital and cultural capital that is still being developed today and tomorrow will come.
Some of the cultural heritages in Gianyar regency is certainly there that the situation is still intact, partially damaged, and there is a faded, and even destroyed, because of the age of the building is quite old. In general it can be said that the physical cultural heritage spread in Gianyar regency until today still can be seen among others, the castle buildings, temples, markets, bale banjar which is an integral smallest social unit, Setra, or the grave, and so on. Some of the building if it is not declared as cultural heritage or cultural heritage (she’s over 50 years), then as a city asset inheritance, alleged existence can switch function (Priyanto, 2014). Puri Gianyar region which in the past was the center of the traditional center of government activity, economic and socio-cultural activities can be considered as the center of civilization and culture of the people in Gianyar. It can be seen from a philosophical understanding which follows the pattern of the arrangement of the great intersection as shown in the Catuspatha concept. Commitment Gianyar regency government leaders and the public on this issue appears to contain heritage significance to the cultural life of the community (sustainable cultural development).
2.5 Natural, Cultural, and Visual of Kota Pusaka Gianyar