AND “KOTA PUSAKA”
2.5 Natural, Cultural, and Visual of Kota Pusaka Gianyar As with any natural sloping topography of Bali Island,
2.5 Natural, Cultural, and Visual of Kota Pusaka Gianyar
Bali is situated in Pejeng and Bedulu. Researchers, such as Goris were more emphasis on research in the field of inscriptions.
Meanwhile, Kempers and Stutterheim, concentrate more on the field of cultural. Although the approach was done in different ways, but the synergy of research led to the conclusion about the character and power controllers of that era. Power controllers are the kings of the dynasty Warmadewa (10–14 century AD).
The golden age era of work in Bali, recorded in the reign of King Udayana Warmadewa. He was accompanied by a priest, named MPU Kuturan. Under the policy MPU Kuturan, all sects in Bali that are conflict can be brought together. The development of art and culture thrive, based in Pakerisan and Petanu River region, particularly in Pejeng and Bedulu. In fact it can be mentioned that the center of civilization in the Age of Bali Kuna is in Pejeng and Bedulu, Gianyar regency. With the various remains of the need to develop the implementation of cultural tourism, in the form of One Day Cultural Tour. Can be started from the remains in Coast region Masceti (being built Subak Museum). Followed by a visit in the city area Gianyar (Traditional Market), then to the region Bedulu and Pejeng (Pura Samuan Tiga, archaeological remains of the Institute for Preservation of Cultural / BPCB). Proceed to the World Cultural Heritage area in Tampaksiring (Subak and temple). Today, UNESCO has recognized the headwaters region Pakerisan in Tampaksiring Gianyar, as a World Cultural Heritage area (WBD). Among these include Pulagan Subak, Subak Top boil, boil Subak Down, Pura Tirta Empul, Pura Mangening, Pura Gunung Kawi and Pura Pegulingan.
Culture or culture (Koentjaraningrat, 1993) has three states, namely the values, social, and artifacts (material). As mentioned earlier that the Gianyar Regency has the region Pakerisan River, and in the upper reaches of the system of Subak (Subak Pulagan and Subak boil (Up and Down). Subak is a cultural heritage that is intangible (not shown), such as the values of Tri Hita Karana, and tangible (visible), in the form of system of rice terraces, and also systems pura subak. Furthermore, the system water control
system can also include all form the culture. where the system subak values, namely the Tri Hita Karana. Furthermore, there a form of social, where subak has organizations of the solid that is supported by a foundation in the form of awig-awig (written rules) and perarem (unwritten rule, but it has been agreed by consensus) are implemented strictly. Meanwhile, subak also has artifacts (material) in the form of temples and rice fields. It can be mentioned that subak is the Balinese cultural heritage.
(Windia and Arthawiguna, 2013) Geriya, et al. (2013) noted that the springs and Pura Tirta Empul is the ultimate symbol of irrigation systems get water from Pakerisan river. Where the springs that exist in the temple TSB, a major source of water in the river Pakerisan. One of the oldest royal inscriptions related to irrigation, recorded in the year 962. It was mentioned in the inscription was that there is a dam on the TSB website, which is considered one of the oldest structures of irrigation channels in Bali. Tirta Empul temple remains a Subak, and also a place of worship is an important destination for residents in Bali.
Thus Pakerisan River upstream region that has become the world’s cultural heritage, and has been recognized by UNESCO, need to be maintained and preserved. Especially preserving the existence of Subak system existing in the region . Subak region is the most vulnerable region to be preserved , because it involves the interests of individual farmers who have fields that exist in that area. Farmers need to gain subsidies and protection, so they were happy to farm. Gianyar regency government already provides tax- free United Nations for farmers in the region Subak TSB, and also provides a wide range of support facilities and infrastructures .
Nature of Gianyar regency which developed into a medium of cultural activities, have been reflected since the time of the kingdom of Bali Kuna. Pejeng and Bedulu village has developed into a natural area, where it has occurred akivitas various cultures. Until now, the area of the villages that have been proven to be an area of cultural development. Various remains were recorded in that area. The Indonesian government to build the Cultural Heritage
Preservation Agency office (BPCB) in the village of Bedulu. Thus Bedulu Village and next to that, Pejeng, more solid existence as the center of the ancient Balinese royal golden age was recorded at the time of King Udayana. Meanwhile, natural Pakerisan Upper River Region (Pura, Subak, etc.) Is also a natural area that is very important for the people of Bali’s Gianyar and also the general population. In this region (the village of Tampaksiring and Manukaya village, in the district. Tampaksiring), there are several sources of water as the main source of water Pakerisan River, to irrigate some water control system in the district. Gianyar. The main spring in the region and Pura Pura Tirta Empul Mangening.
The temple has been widely known as a place of worship for the people of Bali, and the water that comes from springs in the temple area is believed to be holy water, and therefore sacred by residents in Bali. Pakerisan River upstream region has been designated as a World Cultural Heritage (WBD), and therefore it needs to be preserved. Other natural areas, which has evolved as a cultural district is at each center of the kingdom, which used to exist in every district in the district. Gianyar (Gianyar, Blahbatuh, Sukawati, Ubud, Payangan, Tegallalang and Tampaksiring). In every area of the township center, there are relics of Puri, there intersections or catuspatha grand. In the vicinity there is a market, and often there is also a Chinatown area. The core area will be, needs to be organized and developed, so that the area was developed into a tourist destination area. Thus, the region will provide economic benefits to the surrounding communities.
2.6 The Heritage City Network of Local, National and