COMPETENCY
The students are able to express medication
terms
Medications get into the body in several different ways. The way the medication enters the body is called the "route". The most common "route" for medications is orally (by mouth) in the form of pills, capsules, or liquids. However, if the person is unable to take medications in this way, or if the medication is not available in oral form, medications can enter the body by other routes.
In the pharmaceutical world, there are many forms and types of drugs that we can find in pharmacies. Each type of drug has a function that is different from one another. When we experience or suffer from a disease, we will automatically eat or take medicine. There are many types of drugs circulating, both sold in pharmacies and the market, ranging from drugs that can be swallowed normally, smoked, and must also be dissolved.
NAMES OF MEDICATION CAPLET
a type of drug whose form is a combination of tablet
and capsule forms.
SUCTION TABLETS a type of drug is consumed
by snorting, not chewing
MEMBRANE TABLETS A type of drug is coated with one or more layers made of certain materials.
This drug is taken by swallowing it whole.
CAPSULE
a type of drug in the form of a small tube, from a substance that is easily soluble in water containing
drug powder
PILL
types of drugs in the form of small solid granules
SYRUP
type a drugs in liquid form.
To concume it, shake it before drinking
OINTMENT a type of external drug, in
the form of a semi-solid that can be applied to the
skin or mucous membranes DROPS
type a drug in liquid form by dripping onto the affected part of the disease in mouth,
ear, nose, and eye drops.
SPRAY This type of drug is a liquid that is sprayed on a
sick body part
PATCH
a type of external medicine that is placed on the surface
of the skin
POWDER
a type of external medicine made from a dry mixture of medicinal ingredients or
chemical substances that are mashed INJECTION
types of liquid drugs that are often put into the body through injection are drugs
and vitamins.
Medication Routes
1. Medication by inhalation
2. Medication by inunctions (by rubbing of ointment or oil into the skin)
3. Rectal medication (a tablet or capsule) 4. Medication by dropper
5. Medication by injection (IV: Intravenous injection, IM:
Intramuscular injection)
6. Sublingual medication (a tablet is placed under a patient’s
tongue, then the patient swallows the medicine following a drink of water).
Note:
o Vaginal route:
The drug is administered vaginally as a solution, tablet, cream, gel, suppository, or ring. It is absorbed through the vaginal wall. Vaginal symptoms such as dryness, soreness, and redness during menopause can be relieved by applying estrogen through the vaginal route.
o Ocular route:
The drug is applied to the eye as liquid, gel, or ointment. Liquid eye drops may have lower absorption as the drug may run off the eye quickly. Gel/ointment may have better absorption due to longer contact time with the eye surface, however, they can cause blurred vision. It only produces a local effect in the eyes and there is minimal systemic absorption.
o Otic route:
The drug is administered in the outer ear canal as liquid drops.
It is used to treat local infections/inflammation and there is minimal systemic absorption.
o Nasal route:
The drug is breathed in and absorbed through the thin mucous membranes that line the nasal passage. Some drugs can irritate the nasal passage. Nicotine for smoking cessation, sumatriptan for migraine headaches, and corticosteroid for allergies are some examples of drugs that can be used nasally.
o Cutaneous route:
The drug is directly applied to the skin as cream, ointment, lotion, solution, powder or gel. It produces local effect and is used to treat superficial skin conditions such as eczema, infections or dry skin
Many types of functional text exist in English, one example is drug/medicine labels. Labels are a type of text in the form of the information listed on a product. Usually written on the outside of the packaging. The contents of this text include the advantages of the product, how to use it, indications, and others.
DRUG/MEDICINE LABEL
Drug/medicine labels are made to show the use of the drug/medicine, who should take the drug, and how to take it safely. On the drug/medicine container or packaging, usually, we will find writing about the name of the drug, the use of the drug/medicine, what the drug is made of, instructions for use or dosage, and so on. These things are part of the label. Information on the drug label:
Information Meaning Note
Composition Komposisi Ingredients contained in the product
Description Keterangan Explanation of the kinds of products
Indication Indikasi Symptoms that can be cured by medication
Contraindication Kontraindikasi A symptom that is not recommended when taking the drug
Dosage/amount Dosis/jumlah The dose or dose of the drug Expired date Tanggal
kadaluarsa
The expiration date of the drug
Suggestion Sarann Advice given in taking the drug
Warning Peringatan Warnings / prohibitions that should not be done when taking the drug
Manufactured date
Tanggal pembuatan
The date of production of the drug
Direction of store Petunjuk penyimpanan penggunaan
Information or storage instructions
Direction of use Petunjuk penggunaan
Information or instructions for use
Manufactured Diproduksi oleh
Companies that produce drugs
For example:
Work in pairs. Match the forms of medication in 3 to these routes.
You can use some word more than once 1. (into the ) ear …….
2. (into the) eye …….
3. (by) mouth………
4. (into the) muscle ……..
5. (into the) nose …….
6. (into the) rectum …..
7. (on the) skin …….
8. (under the) skin…..
9. (under the) tongue …….
10. (into a) vein…….
The following abbreviations are commonly used by doctors when they prescribe drugs:
b.i.d : twice a day t.i.d : three times a day q.i.d : four times a day p.r.n : when necessary 2 hrly : once every two hours
p.c : before meals/ before food or on an empty stomach a.c : after meals/ after food
p.o : orally (through mouth0 tab. : tablets
caps : capsules
MAR : Medication administration Record ACTIVITY 2
Further vocabulary practice, use the information in the medication chart to complete the patient notes.
Bed
Name Of Drug
Type Of
Drug Quantity Method Of
Admisnistration Frequency 1 Senokot Laxative 2 tablets Oral Nightly
Anti- 1000 units
Patient notes
The patient in bed number 1 has constipation so he needs a (a)…….. Give him (b)……. of Senokot once a (c)…… . The patient in bed number 2 with angina is on an IV drip. He’s receiving a continuous (d)…….. of an (e)……. Check that he’s getting (f)……
of Heparin per hour.
Where do you find medicines?
Pharmacy : a shop/ store that sells medicines and drugs/ a place in a hospital where medicines are prepared
Drugstore : a shop / store that sells medicines and also other types of goods, example : cosmetics, toiletries.
Dispensary : a place in a hospital, shop/ store, etc. where medicined are prepared for patients.
ACTIVITY 3 Reading Label
Read the directions for three over-the-counter medications: find phrases that mean the following
1. Don’t take this medicine more than four times in twenty-four hours.
2. It can make you feel sleepy. Don’t drive when you are taking this medicine.
3. Swallow whole.
4. Take this medicine when you need it according to how bad you feel.
5. Only take this medicine by mouth.
Read this medicine label below then answer the questions!
Nutrition Facts Serving size 1/2 (20 g) Serving Per Container 2 Amount Per Serving
Calories : 370 calories from fat 170
% Daily Value *
Total Fat : 15 g 29%
Saturated Fat : 12 g 60%
Cholesterol : 15 mg 5%
Sodium : 25 mg 10
Total Charbohidrat : 45 g 15%
Dietary fiber : 2 g 8%
Sugar : 33 g Candy Bar
1. What is the name of the product ? A. Adam
B. Nutrition Facts C. Serving Size D. Candy Bar
2. From the label we know that the product contains……saturated fat A. high
B. low C. small D. little
3. When you want to serve the product, you should split it into … A. five
B. four C. three D. two
consume daily A. 15
B. 10 C. 7 D. 5
ACTIVITY 6
Read this medicine label below then answer the questions!
POP 1000
HEALTHY DRINK Vitamin Lemon Healthy and Fresh
Under license by wellness Food Indonesia In a bottle (140 ml) contains :
Vitamin C 100 mg Energy 65 cal Protein 0 g Fat 0 g Carbohydrate 16 g Sugar 6 g Natrium 99 g Vitamin B 1 1.0 g Vitamin E 2.3 g Niacin 2.3 g
5. How much liguis does the POP 1000 contain ? A. 100 mg
B. 99 g C. 140 ml D. 65 cal
6. The following are the vitamins in POP 1000, except … A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B1 C. Vitamin C
A. Carbohydrate B. Vitamin C. Protein D. Energy
8. What is the flavor of the drink?
A. Lemon B. Orange C. Guava D. Durian
PROCEDURE TEXT
Procedure text is a text that contains a way, a goal to make or do something with the right step by step sequentially to produce something desired.
The characteristics of the procedure type text are:
• Using command sentences, or it can also be interpreted as text using prohibition and recommendation sentences. In the text, you will find words of advice or commands.
• there are guidelines or steps and stages in doing or using something.
• Use connecting words from one stage to another. The words
"then", "then", "next", "next", and so on
• There is a sequence of activities arranged systematically. To make it easier for readers to understand the sequence of activities, the writer uses bullet points or numbering
Example of Procedure Text
INSTRUCTIONS FOR DRINKING COUGH SYRUP
Before using, you need to do the following so that the medicine we are taking is efficacious in treating disease:
1. Take a bottle of cough syrup and separate the measuring container from the bottle cap.
2. Follow the instructions stated on the bottle packing about the recommended measures for each category of users, from children, youth, to adults. Also note some conditions which are not recommended to take the medicine, for example, women who are having menstruation or certain diseases.
3. Shake the bottle of cough syrup for a few seconds.
4. Based on the measurement information on the bottle packaging, open the cap of the cough syrup and pour the contents only the recommended dosage. Please look at the lines and numbers printed on the serving document container to see the amount.
Make sure there is no medicine left in the container after taking it.
6. Do not drink any other drink at least for a few minutes after taking cough syrup.
7. Some cough syrups can cause drowsiness after drinking. In this circumstance, make sure you are not in any hard or important activity.
8. Clean the measuring container with clean water, cover the bottle of cough syrup, and replace the measuring container on the bottle cover of the medicine.
LIST OF VOCABULARY Take : Ambil/mengambil Follow : Ikuti/mengikuti Open : Buka/membuka
Shake : Goyang/menggoyangkan, kocok/mengocok Pour : Tuang/menuangkan
Drink : Minum
Clean : Bersihkan/membersihkan Cover : Tutup/menutup
Replace : Ganti/mengganti ACTIVITY 6.
Reading
HOW TO USE OF EYE DROPS
To stay safe in using eye drops, here are some steps you need to take before using them:
1. Check the bottle of eye drops that will be used. Eye drops must be sterile. Also, check the expiration date listed on the packaging.
2. Wash your hands thoroughly before using eye drops.
3. Shake the eye drop bottle before use.
4. Tilt your face, then gently pull the lower eyelid.
5. Press the pack to drip the medication onto the lower eyelid.
surface of the eye. This needs to be considered to prevent the entry of bacteria into the medicine bottle.
8. If it is necessary to use several types of eye drops at the same time, give a gap of about 5 minutes.
9. For dosages of use, see product packaging labels or according to doctor's recommendations.
10. If the eye drops are used from a doctor's prescription, ask the doctor for further explanation about what you can or cannot do when using eye drops.
Translate these vocabularies into Indonesian!
1. Bottle : 2. Eye drops : 3. Bacteria : 4. Medicine : 5. Dosages : 6. Medication : 7. Package : 8. Bacteria : 9. Prescription : 10. Packaging labels : ACTIVITY 7.
Reading
HOW TO USE OF EAR DROPS
How to use ear drops should not be arbitrary, including the use of drugs that must be following a prescription from a doctor. The wrong way will eliminate the benefits contained in the drug or even increase the risk of infection. Therefore, this guide on how to use the right ear drops is below:
1. Wash your hands thoroughly before using ear drops.
2. Shake the bottle of ear drops and open the cap before using it.
Do not leave the tip of the bottle exposed to air for too long to prevent contamination.
3. Avoid sticking the tip of the bottle directly to the ear because it can cause contamination of germs on the tip of the bottle.
4. Tilt your head and gently squeeze the bottle so that the number of drops matches the dose.
5. Make sure to keep your head tilted for some time after the ear drops are in.
6. Don't forget to wash your hands again after using ear drops.
Answer these questions based on the text above!
1. What is the purpose of the text above?
2. How many instructions were given related to the use of ear drops?
3. Is use ear drops must be sterilized before and after using them?
4. Is needed to shake the bottle before using the ear drops?
5. Why does the reader avoid the tip of the bottle directly to the ear?
CHAPTER
11